Conifers concentrate large numbers of NLR immune receptor genes on one chromosome DOI Creative Commons
Yannick Woudstra, Hayley R. Tumas, Cyril Van Ghelder

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Abstract Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) immune receptor genes form a major line of defence in plants, acting both pathogen recognition resistance machinery activation. NLRs are reported to large gene clusters limber pine ( Pinus flexilis ) but it is unknown how widespread this genomic architecture may be among the extant species conifers (Pinophyta). We used comparative analyses assess patterns abundance, diversity distribution NLR genes. Chromosome-level whole genome assemblies high-density linkage maps Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae other gymnosperms were scanned for using existing customised pipelines. Discovered mapped across chromosomes groups, analysed phylogenetically evolutionary history. Conifer genomes characterised by dense genes, highly localised on one chromosome. These rich TNL-encoding which seem have formed through multiple tandem duplication events. In contrast angiosperms non-coniferous gymnosperms, clustering ubiquitous conifers. NLR-dense regions likely influence part plant’s resistance, informing our understanding adaptation biotic stress development genetic resources breeding. Plain language summary important pest, disease drought plants. giga-genomes conifers, they concentrate very small chromosomal regions. act as reservoirs can breeding improve resilience conifer trees.

Language: Английский

The plant immune system: From discovery to deployment DOI Creative Commons
Jonathan D. G. Jones, Brian J. Staskawicz, Jeffery L. Dangl

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(9), P. 2095 - 2116

Published: April 1, 2024

Plant diseases cause famines, drive human migration, and present challenges to agricultural sustainability as pathogen ranges shift under climate change. breeders discovered Mendelian genetic loci conferring disease resistance specific isolates over 100 years ago. Subsequent breeding for underpins modern agriculture and, along with the emergence focus on model plants genetics genomics research, has provided rich resources molecular biological exploration last 50 years. These studies led identification of extracellular intracellular receptors that convert recognition microbe-encoded patterns or pathogen-delivered virulence effectors into defense activation. receptor systems, downstream responses, define plant immune systems have evolved since migration land ∼500 million Our current understanding provides platform development rational enhancement control many continue plague crop production.

Language: Английский

Citations

86
The N-terminal domains of NLR immune receptors exhibit structural and functional similarities across divergent plant lineages DOI Creative Commons
Khong‐Sam Chia, Jiorgos Kourelis, Albin Teulet

et al.

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 2491 - 2511

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a prominent class of intracellular immune receptors in plants. However, our understanding plant NLR structure function is limited to the evolutionarily young flowering clade. Here, we describe an extended spectrum diversity across divergent lineages demonstrate structural functional similarities N-terminal domains that trigger responses. We show broadly distributed coiled-coil (CC) toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) families nonflowering plants retain immune-related functions through translineage activation cell death angiosperm Nicotiana benthamiana. further examined CC subfamily specific uncovered essential MAEPL motif functionally comparable with motifs resistosome-forming CC-NLRs. Consistent conserved role immunity, ectopic CCMAEPL liverwort Marchantia polymorpha led profound growth inhibition, defense gene activation, signatures death. Moreover, comparative transcriptomic analyses activity delineated common CC-mediated program shared Collectively, findings highlight ancestral nature NLR-mediated immunity during evolution dates its origin at least ∼500 million years ago.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Symphony of survival: Insights into cross-talk mechanisms in plants, bacteria, and fungi for strengthening plant immune responses DOI

Mohd. Mogees Ansari,

Nikita Bisht,

Tanya Singh

et al.

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 127762 - 127762

Published: May 16, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Evolutionary and immune‐activating character analyses of NLR genes in algae suggest the ancient origin of plant intracellular immune receptors DOI
Xingyu Feng, Qian Li, Yang Liu

et al.

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119(5), P. 2316 - 2330

Published: July 7, 2024

SUMMARY Nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular immune receptors in plants, responsible for detecting invading pathogens and initiating defense responses. While previous studies on the evolution function of NLR genes were mainly limited to land evolutionary trajectory immune‐activating character algae remain less explored. In this study, genome‐wide gene analysis was conducted 44 chlorophyte species across seven classes charophyte five classes. A few but variable number genes, ranging from one 20, identified chlorophytes three charophytes, whereas no remaining algal genomes. Compared with genomes possess fewer or usually implying that expansion plants can be attributed their adaptation more complex terrestrial pathogen environments. Through phylogenetic analysis, domain composition conserved motifs profiling NBS domain, we detected shared lineage‐specific features between supporting common origin continuous green plant genes. Immune‐activation assays revealed both TNL RNL elicit hypersensitive responses Nicotiana benthamiana , indicating molecular basis activation has emerged early stage different types proteins. summary, results study suggest may have taken a role as ancestor plants.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Deciphering Plant NLR Genomic Evolution: Synteny-Informed Classification Unveils Insights into TNL Gene Loss DOI Creative Commons
Bocheng Guo,

Yirong Zhang,

Zhiguang Liu

et al.

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) genes encode a pivotal class of plant immune receptors. However, their rampant duplication and loss have made inferring genomic evolutionary trajectory difficult, exemplified by the TNL family in monocots. In this study, we introduce novel classification system for angiosperm NLR genes, grounded network analysis micro-synteny information. This refined categorizes these into five classes: CNL_A, CNL_B, CNL_C, TNL, RNL. Compared to previous classification, further subdivided CNLs three subclasses. The credibility is supported phylogenetic examination protein domain structures. Importantly, enabled model explain extinction Compelling evidence underscores revelation, indicating clear synteny correspondence between non-TNLs monocots extinct subclass. Our study provides crucial insights origin divergence subfamilies, unveiling malleability-driven journey that has shaped functionality diversity genes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
NLRC3 Attenuates Antiviral Innate Immune Response by Targeting IRF7 in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idelus) DOI Open Access
Lei Zhang,

Haitai Chen,

Xiang Zhao

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 840 - 840

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

NLRC3 belongs to the NOD-like receptor family and is recognized as a modulator of innate immune mechanisms. In this study, we firstly report that Ctenopharyngodon idelus (CiNLRC3) acts negative regulator in antiviral response. Cinlrc3 ubiquitously expressed across tested tissues, displaying particularly high expression intestine, spleen, gill kidney. Notably, markedly upregulated following grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection both vivo vitro. Functional assays reveal overexpression CiNLRC3 hampers cellular responses, thereby facilitating viral replication. Conversely, silencing through siRNA transfection enhances these activities. Additionally, substantially diminishes retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like (RLR)-mediated interferon (IFN) response fish. Subsequent molecular investigations indicates interacts with RLR molecule node, IRF7 but not IRF3, by degrading protein proteasome-dependent manner. Furthermore, co-localizes CiIRF7 cytoplasm impedes IRF7-induced IFN response, resulting impairing IRF7-mediated immunity. Summarily, findings underscore critical inhibitory role teleost immunity, offering new perspectives on its regulatory functions potential target for resistant breeding

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Helper NLR immune protein NRC3 evolved to evade inhibition by a cyst nematode virulence effector DOI Creative Commons
Yu Sugihara, Jiorgos Kourelis, Mauricio P. Contreras

et al.

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. e1011653 - e1011653

Published: April 9, 2025

Parasites can counteract host immunity by suppressing nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins that function as immune receptors. We previously showed a cyst nematode virulence effector SPRYSEC15 (SS15) binds inhibits oligomerisation of helper NLR in the expanded NRC1/2/3 clade preventing intramolecular rearrangements required for NRC into an activated resistosome. Here we examined degree to which from multiple Solanaceae species are sensitive suppression SS15 tested hypotheses about adaptive evolution interface between inhibitor proteins. Whereas all orthologs NRC2 were inhibited SS15, some natural variants NRC1 NRC3 insensitive suppression. Ancestral sequence reconstruction combined with functional assays revealed transitioned ancestral suppressed form one over 19 million years ago. Our analyses evolutionary trajectory receptor against parasite inhibitor, identifying key transitions NLRs this inhibition. This work reveals distinct type gene-for-gene interaction or pathogen immunosuppressors receptors contrasts coevolution AVR effectors

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Conifers Concentrate Large Numbers of NLR Immune Receptor Genes on One Chromosome DOI Creative Commons
Yannick Woudstra, Hayley R. Tumas, Cyril Van Ghelder

et al.

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6)

Published: May 24, 2024

Abstract Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor genes form a major line of defense in plants, acting both pathogen recognition resistance machinery activation. NLRs are reported to large gene clusters limber pine (Pinus flexilis), but it is unknown how widespread this genomic architecture may be among the extant species conifers (Pinophyta). We used comparative analyses assess patterns abundance, diversity, distribution NLR genes. Chromosome-level whole genome assemblies high-density linkage maps Pinaceae, Cupressaceae, Taxaceae, other gymnosperms were scanned for using existing customized pipelines. The discovered mapped across chromosomes groups analyzed phylogenetically evolutionary history. Conifer genomes characterized by dense genes, highly localized on one chromosome. These rich TNL-encoding which seem have formed through multiple tandem duplication events. In contrast angiosperms nonconiferous gymnosperms, clustering ubiquitous conifers. NLR-dense regions likely influence part plant's resistance, informing our understanding adaptation biotic stress development genetic resources breeding.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
An Aegilops longissima NLR protein with integrated CC-BED module mediates resistance to wheat powdery mildew DOI Creative Commons
Chao Ma,

Xiubin Tian,

Zhenjie Dong

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Studies on the temporal, structural, and interacting features of the clubroot resistance gene Rcr1 using CRISPR/Cas9-based systems DOI Creative Commons
Hao Hu, Fengqun Yu

Horticultural Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 1035 - 1048

Published: May 15, 2024

Clubroot disease is a severe threat to Brassica crops globally, particularly in western Canada. Genetic resistance, achieved through pyramiding clubroot resistance (CR) genes with different modes of action, the most important strategy for managing disease. However, studies on CR gene functions are quite limited. In this study, we have conducted investigations into temporal, structural, and interacting features newly cloned gene, Rcr1, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. For temporal functionality, developed novel CRISPR/Cas9-based binary vector, pHHIGR-Hsp18.2, deliver Rcr1 susceptible canola line (DH12075) observed that early expression critical conferring resistance. structural several independent mutations specific domains resulted loss-of-function, highlighting their importance phenotype. study cysteine protease its homologous allele were successfully disrupted via as an component protein, resulting conversion from resistant plants carrying intact Rcr1. These results indicated indispensable role these two proteases Rcr1-mediated response. This first kind, provides valuable insights functionality Further, new vector pHHIGR-Hsp18.2 demonstrated inducible feature removal add-on traits, which should be useful functional genomics other similar research brassica crops.

Language: Английский

Citations

2