Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 9, 2024
As
the
field
of
neural
organoids
and
assembloids
expands,
there
is
an
emergent
need
for
guidance
advice
on
designing,
conducting
reporting
experiments
to
increase
reproducibility
utility
these
models.
In
this
Perspective,
we
present
a
framework
experimental
process
that
encompasses
ensuring
quality
integrity
human
pluripotent
stem
cells,
characterizing
manipulating
cells
in
vitro,
transplantation
techniques
considerations
modelling
development,
evolution
disease.
with
all
scientific
endeavours,
advocate
rigorous
designs
tailored
explicit
questions
as
well
transparent
methodologies
data
sharing
provide
useful
knowledge
current
research
practices
developing
regulatory
standards.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: April 26, 2024
The
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)
technology
has
transformed
in
vitro
research
and
holds
great
promise
to
advance
regenerative
medicine.
iPSCs
have
the
capacity
for
an
almost
unlimited
expansion,
are
amenable
genetic
engineering,
can
be
differentiated
into
most
somatic
types.
been
widely
applied
model
human
development
diseases,
perform
drug
screening,
develop
therapies.
In
this
review,
we
outline
key
developments
iPSC
field
highlight
immense
versatility
of
modeling
therapeutic
applications.
We
begin
by
discussing
pivotal
discoveries
that
revealed
potential
a
nucleus
reprogramming
led
successful
generation
iPSCs.
consider
molecular
mechanisms
dynamics
as
well
numerous
methods
available
induce
pluripotency.
Subsequently,
discuss
various
iPSC-based
cellular
models,
from
mono-cultures
single
type
complex
three-dimensional
organoids,
how
these
models
elucidate
diseases.
use
examples
neurological
disorders,
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
cancer
diversity
disease-specific
phenotypes
modeled
using
iPSC-derived
cells.
also
used
high-throughput
screening
toxicity
studies.
Finally,
process
developing
autologous
allogeneic
therapies
their
alleviate
Cell,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
187(3), P. 712 - 732.e38
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Human
brain
development
involves
an
orchestrated,
massive
neural
progenitor
expansion
while
a
multi-cellular
tissue
architecture
is
established.
Continuously
expanding
organoids
can
be
grown
directly
from
multiple
somatic
tissues,
yet
to
date,
solely
established
pluripotent
stem
cells.
Here,
we
show
that
healthy
human
fetal
in
vitro
self-organizes
into
(FeBOs),
phenocopying
aspects
of
vivo
cellular
heterogeneity
and
complex
organization.
FeBOs
expanded
over
long
time
periods.
FeBO
growth
requires
maintenance
integrity,
which
ensures
production
tissue-like
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
ultimately
endowing
expansion.
lines
derived
different
areas
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
including
dorsal
ventral
forebrain,
preserve
their
regional
identity
allow
probe
positional
identity.
Using
CRISPR-Cas9,
showcase
generation
syngeneic
mutant
for
study
cancer.
Taken
together,
constitute
complementary
CNS
organoid
platform.
Annual Review of Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
42(1), P. 585 - 613
Published: March 1, 2024
Alzheimer
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
common
neurodegenerative
disease,
and
with
no
efficient
curative
treatment
available,
its
medical,
social,
economic
burdens
are
expected
to
dramatically
increase.
AD
historically
characterized
by
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
plaques
tau
neurofibrillary
tangles,
but
over
last
25
years
chronic
immune
activation
has
been
identified
as
an
important
factor
contributing
pathogenesis.
In
this
article,
we
review
recent
advances
in
our
understanding
of
significance
development
AD.
We
describe
how
brain-resident
macrophages,
microglia,
able
detect
Aβ
species
be
activated,
well
consequences
activated
microglia
discuss
transcriptional
changes
AD,
their
unique
heterogeneity
humans,
emerging
strategies
study
human
microglia.
Finally,
expose,
beyond
role
peripheral
signals
different
cell
types
activation.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 28, 2024
Abstract
The
design
of
human
model
systems
is
highly
relevant
to
unveil
the
underlying
mechanisms
aging
and
provide
insights
on
potential
interventions
extend
health
life
span.
In
this
perspective,
we
explore
2D
or
3D
culture
models
comprising
induced
pluripotent
stem
cells
transdifferentiated
obtained
from
aged
age-related
disorder-affected
donors
enhance
our
understanding
catalyze
discovery
anti-aging
interventions.
Trends in biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Human
brain
organoids
(hBOs)
are
in
vitro,
3D,
self-organizing
tissue
structures
increasingly
used
for
modeling
development
and
disease.
Although
they
traditionally
lack
vasculature,
recent
bioengineering
developments
enable
their
vascularization,
which
partly
recapitulates
neurodevelopmental
processes
such
as
neural
tube
angiogenesis,
formation
of
neurovascular
unit
(NVU)-like
structures,
early
barriergenesis.
vascularized
hBOs
(vhBOs)
already
to
model
(defects
in)
development,
vascularization
efficiency
other
outcomes
differ
substantially
between
protocols
overall
shortcomings
should
be
considered.
For
instance,
vessel-like
vhBOs
do
not
contain
blood-like
flow
nor
form
a
functional
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
Extended
characterization,
standardization,
the
new
techniques
may
broader
applications
drug
transport
studies.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Oct. 4, 2023
Abstract
Microglia
are
so
versatile
that
they
not
only
provide
immune
surveillance
for
central
nervous
system,
but
participate
in
neural
circuitry
development,
brain
blood
vessels
formation,
blood–brain
barrier
architecture,
and
intriguingly,
the
regulation
of
emotions
behaviors.
have
a
profound
impact
on
neuronal
survival,
wiring
synaptic
plasticity.
As
professional
phagocytic
cells
brain,
remove
dead
cell
debris
neurotoxic
agents
via
an
elaborate
mechanism.
The
functional
profile
microglia
varies
considerately
depending
age,
gender,
disease
context
other
internal
or
external
environmental
factors.
Numerous
studies
demonstrated
pivotal
involvement
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
negative
affection,
social
deficit,
compulsive
behavior,
fear
memory,
pain
symptoms
associated
with
major
depression
disorder,
anxiety
autism
spectrum
disorder
schizophrenia.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
latest
discoveries
regarding
microglial
ontogeny,
subtypes
state
spectrum,
biological
functions
mechanistic
underpinnings
emotional
behavioral
disorders.
Furthermore,
highlight
potential
microglia-targeted
therapies
propose
outstanding
questions
to
be
addressed
future
research
human
microglia.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(21)
Published: July 22, 2023
Organoids
and
cells
in
organ-on-chip
platforms
replicate
higher-level
anatomical,
physiological,
or
pathological
states
of
tissues
organs.
These
technologies
are
widely
regarded
by
academia,
the
pharmacological
industry
regulators
as
key
biomedical
developments.
To
map
advances
this
emerging
field,
a
literature
analysis
16,000
article
metadata
based
on
quality-controlled
text-mining
algorithm
is
performed.
The
covers
titles,
keywords,
abstracts
categorized
academic
publications
preprint
databases
published
after
2010.
identifies
tracks
149
107
organs
organ
substructures
modeled
organoids
organ-on-chip,
respectively,
stem
cell
sources,
well
130
diseases,
16
groups
organisms
other
than
human
mouse
which
organoid/organ-on-chip
technology
applied.
illustrates
changing
diversity
focus
research
captures
its
geographical
distribution.
downloadable
dataset
provided
robust
framework
for
researchers
to
interrogate
with
their
own
questions.
