Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Sept. 5, 2023
New
York-esophageal
cancer
1
(NY-ESO-1)
belongs
to
the
testis
antigen
(CTA)
family,
and
has
been
identified
as
one
of
most
immunogenic
tumor-associated
antigens
(TAAs)
among
family
members.
Given
its
ability
trigger
spontaneous
humoral
cellular
immune
response
restricted
expression,
NY-ESO-1
emerged
promising
targets
for
immunotherapy.
Cancer
vaccines,
an
important
element
immunotherapy,
function
by
presenting
exogenous
source
TAA
proteins,
peptides,
antigenic
epitopes
CD4
Immunity,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
56(10), P. 2188 - 2205
Published: Oct. 1, 2023
The
cancer-immunity
cycle
provides
a
framework
to
understand
the
series
of
events
that
generate
anti-cancer
immune
responses.
It
emphasizes
iterative
nature
response
where
killing
tumor
cells
by
T
initiates
subsequent
rounds
antigen
presentation
and
cell
stimulation,
maintaining
active
immunity
adapting
it
evolution.
Any
step
can
become
rate-limiting,
rendering
system
unable
control
growth.
Here,
we
update
based
on
remarkable
progress
past
decade.
Understanding
mechanism
checkpoint
inhibition
has
evolved,
as
our
view
dendritic
in
sustaining
anti-tumor
immunity.
We
additionally
account
for
role
microenvironment
facilitating,
not
just
suppressing,
response,
discuss
importance
considering
tumor's
immunological
phenotype,
"immunotype".
While
these
new
insights
add
some
complexity
cycle,
they
also
provide
targets
research
therapeutic
intervention.
Nature Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(2), P. 531 - 542
Published: Jan. 9, 2024
Pancreatic
and
colorectal
cancers
are
often
KRAS
mutated
incurable
when
tumor
DNA
or
protein
persists
recurs
after
curative
intent
therapy.
Cancer
vaccine
ELI-002
2P
enhances
lymph
node
delivery
immune
response
using
amphiphile
(Amph)
modification
of
G12D
G12R
mutant
(mKRAS)
peptides
(Amph-Peptides-2P)
together
with
CpG
oligonucleotide
adjuvant
(Amph-CpG-7909).
We
treated
25
patients
(20
pancreatic
five
colorectal)
who
were
positive
for
minimal
residual
mKRAS
disease
(ctDNA
and/or
serum
antigen)
locoregional
treatment
in
a
phase
1
study
fixed-dose
Amph-Peptides-2P
ascending-dose
Amph-CpG-7909;
enrollment
is
complete
patient
follow-up
ongoing.
Primary
endpoints
included
safety
recommended
2
dose
(RP2D).
The
secondary
endpoint
was
biomarker
(longitudinal
ctDNA
antigen),
exploratory
including
immunogenicity
relapse-free
survival
(RFS).
No
dose-limiting
toxicities
observed,
the
RP2D
10.0
mg
Amph-CpG-7909.
Direct
ex
vivo
mKRAS-specific
T
cell
responses
observed
21
(84%;
59%
both
CD4
Cellular and Molecular Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(10), P. 1089 - 1108
Published: Aug. 12, 2024
Abstract
In
the
past
decade,
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
cell
therapy
has
emerged
as
a
promising
immunotherapeutic
approach
for
combating
cancers,
demonstrating
remarkable
efficacy
in
relapsed/refractory
hematological
malignancies
both
pediatric
and
adult
patients.
CAR-natural
killer
(CAR-NK)
complements
CAR-T
by
offering
several
distinct
advantages.
CAR-NK
cells
do
not
require
HLA
compatibility
exhibit
low
safety
concerns.
Moreover,
are
conducive
to
“off-the-shelf”
therapeutics,
providing
significant
logistic
advantages
over
cells.
Both
have
shown
consistent
results
malignancies.
However,
their
against
solid
tumors
remains
limited
due
various
obstacles
including
tumor
trafficking
infiltration,
well
an
immuno-suppressive
microenvironment.
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
advances
current
challenges
of
immunotherapies,
with
specific
focus
on
application
tumors.
We
also
analyze
depth
drawbacks
compared
highlight
CAR
optimization.
Finally,
explore
future
perspectives
these
adoptive
highlighting
increasing
contribution
cutting-edge
biotechnological
tools
shaping
next
generation
cellular
immunotherapy.
EBioMedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
100, P. 104963 - 104963
Published: Jan. 5, 2024
Glioblastoma
(GBM)
is
one
of
the
most
lethal
central
nervous
systems
(CNS)
tumours
in
adults.
As
supplements
to
standard
care
(SOC),
various
immunotherapies
improve
therapeutic
effect
other
cancers.
Among
them,
tumour
vaccines
can
serve
as
complementary
monotherapy
or
boost
clinical
efficacy
with
immunotherapies,
such
immune
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
and
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T
cells
(CAR-T)
therapy.
Previous
studies
GBM
have
suggested
that
few
neoantigens
could
be
targeted
due
low
mutation
burden,
single-peptide
vaccination
had
limited
control
monotherapy.
Combining
diverse
antigens,
including
neoantigens,
tumour-associated
antigens
(TAAs),
pathogen-derived
optimizing
vaccine
design
strategy
may
help
improvement.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
current
platforms,
evaluated
potential
antigenic
targets,
challenges,
perspective
opportunities
for
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: April 29, 2024
Abstract
The
immune
system
in
humans
is
a
defense
department
against
both
exogenous
and
endogenous
hazards,
where
CD8
+
T
cells
play
crucial
role
opposing
pathological
threats.
Various
immunotherapies
based
on
have
emerged
recent
decades,
showing
their
promising
results
treating
intractable
diseases.
However,
the
fight
constantly
changing
evolving
cancers,
formation
function
of
can
be
challenged
by
tumors
that
might
train
group
accomplices
to
resist
cell
killing.
As
cancer
therapy
stepped
into
era
immunotherapy,
understanding
physiological
cells,
studying
machinery
tumor
escape,
thereby
formulating
different
therapeutic
strategies
become
imperative
missions
for
clinical
translational
researchers
fulfill.
After
brief
basics
cell-based
biology
covered,
this
review
delineates
mechanisms
escape
discusses
immunotherapy
regimens
with
own
advantages
setbacks,
embracing
challenges
perspectives
near
future.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract
Significant
advancements
have
been
made
in
the
application
of
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-T
treatment
for
blood
cancers
during
previous
ten
years.
However,
its
effectiveness
treating
solid
tumors
is
still
lacking,
necessitating
exploration
alternative
immunotherapies
that
can
overcome
significant
challenges
faced
by
current
CAR-T
cells.
CAR-based
immunotherapy
against
shows
promise
with
emergence
macrophages,
which
possess
robust
phagocytic
abilities,
antigen-presenting
functions,
and
ability
to
modify
tumor
microenvironment
stimulate
adaptive
responses.
This
paper
presents
a
thorough
examination
latest
progress
CAR-M
therapy,
covering
both
basic
scientific
studies
clinical
trials.
study
examines
primary
obstacles
hindering
realization
complete
potential
as
well
strategies
be
employed
these
hurdles.
With
revolutionary
technologies
like
situ
genetic
modification,
synthetic
biology
techniques,
biomaterial-supported
gene
transfer,
provide
wider
array
resources
manipulating
tumor-associated
we
suggest
combining
advanced
methods
will
result
creation
new
era
therapy
demonstrates
improved
efficacy,
safety,
availability.
Graphical
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
18(9), P. 7136 - 7147
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
Tapping
into
the
innate
immune
system's
power,
nanovaccines
can
induce
tumor-specific
responses,
which
is
a
promising
strategy
in
cancer
immunotherapy.
However,
traditional
vaccine
design,
requiring
simultaneous
loading
of
antigens
and
adjuvants,
complex
poses
challenges
for
mass
production.
Here,
we
developed
tumor
nanovaccine
platform
that
integrates
adjuvant
functions
delivery
vehicle,
using
branched
polyguanidine
(PolyGu)
nanovaccines.
These
were
produced
by
modifying
polyethylenimine
(PEI)
with
various
guanidine
groups,
transforming
PEI's
cytotoxicity
activation.
The
PolyGu
based
on
poly(phenyl
biguanidine
)
(Poly-PBG)
effectively
stimulated
dendritic
cells,
promoted
their
maturation
