mRNA vaccines as cancer therapies DOI Creative Commons

Shaoxiong Huang,

Haiying Que, Manni Wang

et al.

Chinese Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Abstract Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with conventional treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often hindered by significant side effects, lack of specificity, limited efficacy in advanced cases. Among emerging therapeutic strategies, mRNA vaccines have shown remarkable potential due to their adaptability, rapid production, capability for personalized cancer treatment. This review provides an in-depth analysis messenger RNA (mRNA) as approach immunotherapy, focusing on molecular biology, classification, mechanisms, clinical studies. Derived from reported literature data clinicaltrials.gov, it examines studies encoding tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), tumor-associated (TAAs), immunomodulators, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) across various types. The highlights the ability encode TSAs TAAs, enabling treatments, classifies these into non-replicating self-amplifying It further explores mechanisms action, including presentation immune activation, while emphasizing findings that demonstrate therapy. Despite promise, challenges remain enhancing delivery systems, improving immunogenicity, addressing tumor heterogeneity. Overcoming obstacles will require investigation fully harness

Language: Английский

Regulatory insights into nanomedicine and gene vaccine innovation: Safety assessment, challenges, and regulatory perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Eliana B. Souto, Cristina Blanco-Llamero, Karolline Krambeck

et al.

Acta Biomaterialia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 180, P. 1 - 17

Published: April 10, 2024

This analysis explores the principal regulatory concerns linked to nanomedicines and gene vaccines, including complexities involved perspectives on how navigate them. In realm of nanomedicines, ensuring safety nanomaterials is paramount due their unique characteristics potential interactions with biological systems. Regulatory bodies are actively formulating guidelines standards assess risks associated nanomedicine products, emphasizing need for standardized characterization techniques accurately gauge effectiveness. Regarding frameworks must be tailored address distinct challenges posed by genetic interventions, necessitating special considerations in efficacy evaluations, particularly concerning vector design, target specificity, long-term patient monitoring. Ethical such as autonomy, informed consent, privacy also demand careful attention, alongside intricate matter intellectual property rights, which balanced against imperative widespread access these life-saving treatments. Collaborative efforts among bodies, researchers, patent offices, private sector essential tackle effectively, international cooperation being especially crucial given global scope vaccine development. Striking right balance between safeguarding properties promoting public health vital fostering innovation equitable ground-breaking technologies, underscoring significance addressing hurdles fully harness benefits vaccines enhancing healthcare outcomes a scale. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Several biomaterials proposed development nanovaccines, from polymeric micelles, PLGA-/PEI-/PLL-nanoparticles, solid lipid nananoparticles, cationic lipoplexes, liposomes, hybrid materials, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, hydrogels, quantum dots. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained tremendous attention since US Food Drug Administration (FDA) approval Pfizer Moderna's COVID-19 raising awareness vaccines. review provides insights into current strategies issues, clinical trials. By navigating landscapes we can unlock full using range promising towards improving worldwide.

Language: Английский

Citations

40
Black Phosphorus Quantum Dot Loaded Bioinspired Nanoplatform Synergized with aPD-L1 for Multimode Cancer Immunotherapy DOI

Yuqi Cao,

Lu Tang,

Cong Fu

et al.

Nano Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 6767 - 6777

Published: May 21, 2024

Efforts to prolong the blood circulation time and bypass immune clearance play vital roles in improving therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs). Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform (BPP@RTL) that precisely targets tumor cells is fabricated by encapsulating ultrasmall phototherapeutic agent black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD), chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX), immunomodulator PolyMetformin (PM) hybrid membrane-camouflaged liposomes. Specifically, cell membrane coating derived from fusion cancer red displays excellent targeting efficiency long property due innate features both membranes. After collaboration with aPD-L1-based checkpoint blockade therapy, boosted immunotherapeutic effect obtained elevated dendritic maturation T activation. Significantly, laser-irradiated BPP@RTL combined aPD-L1 effectively eliminates primary tumors inhibits lung metastasis 4T1 breast model, offering promising treatment plan develop personalized antitumor strategy.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
A pH-Responsive and Guanidinium-Rich Nanoadjuvant Efficiently Delivers STING Agonist for Cancer Immunotherapy DOI

Xiao Juan Lu,

Heming Xia, Wei Gao

et al.

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

As natural agonists of the stimulator interferon genes (STING), cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) have been identified as promising immunotherapies that trigger a potent immune response against tumors. However, low stability, rapid clearance, inadequate cellular uptake, and inefficient cytosol localization heavily hinder therapeutic efficacy hydrophilic negatively charged 2′, 3′-cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). How to efficiently deliver cGAMP into endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activate STING for priming remains challenging. Here, we report pH-responsive guanidinium-rich nanoagonist (nPGSA) delivery cGAMP. Compared with free cGAMP, nPGSA achieves up 37.4-fold enhancement internalization. The pH-sensitive guanidinium-functional design facilitates quick release endosome escape, thus enabling precise ER targeting 33.9-fold amplification sensibilization. Furthermore, through modulation tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) polarization, elicits antigen-specific sustained tumor regression in melanoma- neuroblastoma-bearing mice. Our study provides strategy it offers insights function modulating microenvironment cancer immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Lymphoid organ-targeted nanomaterials for immunomodulation of cancer, inflammation, and beyond DOI
Jessica C. Hsu, Peng Liu, Yangmeihui Song

et al.

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(15), P. 7657 - 7680

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Nanomaterials exhibit significant potential for stimulating immune responses, offering both local and systemic modulation across a variety of diseases. The lymphoid organs, such as the spleen lymph nodes, are home to various cells, including monocytes dendritic which contribute progression prevention/treatment Consequently, many nanomaterial formulations being rationally designed target these organs engage with specific cell types, thereby inducing therapeutic protective effects. In this review, we explore crucial cellular interactions processes involved in regulation highlight innovative nano-based immunomodulatory approaches. We outline essential considerations design an emphasis on their impact biological interactions, targeting capabilities, treatment efficacy. Through selected examples, illustrate strategic therapeutically active nanomaterials subsequent immunomodulation infection resistance, inflammation suppression, self-antigen tolerance, cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, address current challenges, discuss emerging topics, share our outlook future developments field.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Adjuvants for cancer mRNA vaccines in the era of nanotechnology: strategies, applications, and future directions DOI Creative Commons
Lei‐Ming Cao, Yifu Yu, Zi‐Zhan Li

et al.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 2, 2024

Abstract Research into mRNA vaccines is advancing rapidly, with proven efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 and promising therapeutic potential a variety of solid tumors. Adjuvants, critical components vaccines, significantly enhance vaccine effectiveness are integral to numerous formulations. However, the development selection adjuvant platforms still in their nascent stages, mechanisms many adjuvants remain poorly understood. Additionally, immunostimulatory capabilities certain novel drug delivery systems (DDS) challenge traditional definition adjuvants, suggesting that revision this concept necessary. This review offers comprehensive exploration applications self-adjuvant DDS. It thoroughly addresses existing issues mentioned above details three main challenges immune-related adverse event, unclear mechanisms, unsatisfactory outcomes old age group design practical application cancer adjuvants. Ultimately, proposes optimization strategies which consists exploring adjuvant, optimizing DDS, improving route administration improve

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Advances in Polymer‐Based Self‐Adjuvanted Nanovaccines DOI Open Access
Xiaoli Ling,

Ziyan Dong,

Jiao He

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Abstract Nanovaccines, as a new generation of vaccines, have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional potential in enhancing disease prevention and treatment. Their unique features, such high stability, antigens protection, prolonged retention, targeted delivery lymph nodes, immune cells, tumors, set them apart promising candidates the field immunotherapy. Polymers, with superior degradability, capacity mimic pathogen characteristics, surface functionality that facilitates modifications, serve ideal carriers for vaccine components. Polymer‐based self‐adjuvanted nanovaccines remarkable ability augment responses. The inherent adjuvant‐like properties polymers themselves offer pathway toward more efficient exploitation nanomaterials optimization nanovaccines. This review article aims summarize categorization elucidate mechanisms action adjuvants. Additionally, it delves into advantages limitations polymer‐based management prevention, providing valuable insights design application. comprehensive analysis could contribute development effective tailored wide range diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Recent Progress in Cancer Vaccines and Nanovaccines DOI
Kishwor Poudel,

Tulasi Vithiananthan,

Jong Oh Kim

et al.

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 314, P. 122856 - 122856

Published: Sept. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Alkyl Chain Engineering of Ionic Aie Molecules for Developing Superior Self-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy DOI
Yijun Chen, Chao Chen,

Yanfang Bao

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Cancer nanovaccines represent a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy, offering advantages such as safety, efficacy, and personalization. However, challenges complex compositions, limited structural control, significant side effects impede their clinical application. In this study, we developed strategy for preparing through the co-assembly of well-defined single-component organic small molecules with antigens. By carefully adjusting length alkyl chains within molecules, achieved precise control over assembly behavior final optimized antigen-loading efficiency. After elucidating relationship between molecular structure resulting nanovaccine assemblies, identified molecule TCSVP, which serves both potent adjuvant an effective antigen carrier. Interestingly, TCSVP efficiently activates STING pathway in dendritic cells. Furthermore, three preventive tumor models, complete resistance rate ≥ 50% against inoculation established robust immune memory lasting up 135 days. Additionally, compared commercially available Freund's adjuvant, demonstrated superior activation while exhibiting negligible immune-related inflammatory effects, indicating favorable safety efficacy profile. This work not only highlights potential development advanced but also provides valuable insights design molecule-based self-adjuvanting nanovaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Alkyl chain engineering of ionic AIE molecules for developing superior self-adjuvanted nanovaccines in cancer immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Yijun Chen,

Yixuan Bao,

Yubo Wang

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 159979 - 159979

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cancer Vaccines and Beyond: The Transformative Role of Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons

Violeta Delgado-Almenta,

José L. Blaya-Cánovas, Jesús Calahorra

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 216 - 216

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Cancer is one of the leading causes morbidity and mortality globally, responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2022 an estimated 21 new cases 2024. Traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy often present limitations efficacy side effects. However, immunotherapeutic vaccines have emerged a promising approach, leveraging body’s immune system to target eliminate cells. This review examines evolving landscape vaccines, differentiating between preventive therapeutic strategies highlighting significance tumor-specific antigens, including tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) neoantigens. Recent advancements vaccine technology, particularly through nanotechnology, resulted development nanovaccines, which enhance antigen stability, optimize delivery cells, promote robust responses. Notably, clinical data indicate that patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors can achieve overall survival rates 34.8 months compared just 15.7 traditional therapies. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Emerging evidence suggests combining nanovaccines with immunomodulators may by overcoming obstacles. Continued research interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential fully exploit promise ultimately more effective accessible patients. The future immunotherapy appears increasingly hopeful innovative pave way enhanced patient outcomes improved quality life oncology.

Language: Английский

Citations

0