Exaptation and Evolutionary Adaptation in Nociceptor Mechanisms Driving Persistent Pain DOI
Edgar T. Walters

Brain Behavior and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(6), P. 314 - 330

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Several evolutionary explanations have been proposed for why chronic pain is a major clinical problem. One that some mechanisms important driving pain, while maladaptive modern humans, were adaptive because they enhanced survival. Evidence reviewed persistent nociceptor hyperactivity (PNH), known to promote in rodents and being an evolutionarily response significant bodily injury, primitive molecular related cellular injury stress exapted (co-opted or repurposed) drive PNH consequent pain. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> snail (<i>Aplysia californica</i>), squid (<i>Doryteuthis pealeii</i>), fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>), mice, rats, humans has documented as long-lasting enhancement of action potential discharge evoked by peripheral stimuli, these species extrinsically driven ongoing activity and/or intrinsic spontaneous (OA SA, respectively). In mammals, OA SA are often initiated within the protected soma long after inducing injury. Generation somata may be very rare invertebrates, but prolonged afterdischarge readily occurs sensitized <i>Aplysia</i>. adaptiveness injury-induced come from observations decreased survival injured exposed predators when blocked, plausible benefits sensitization severe injuries such amputation, functional coherence intricacy mammalian mechanisms. Major contributions cAMP-PKA signaling (with associated calcium signaling) maintenance both mammals molluscs suggest this ancient system was early during evolution nociceptors following Vertebrates retained core modules adding new extracellular modulators (e.g., opioids) cAMP-regulated ion channels TRPV1 Nav1.8 channels). <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> multiple phyla indicates physiological adaptation decreases risk attacks on animals. Core make mammals. This conserved linked responses stress, which protective can persist functions recover

Language: Английский

Cleavage-independent activation of ancient eukaryotic gasdermins and structural mechanisms DOI

Yueyue Li,

Yanjie Hou, Qi Sun

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 384(6697)

Published: April 25, 2024

Gasdermins (GSDMs) are pore-forming proteins that execute pyroptosis for immune defense. GSDMs two-domain activated by proteolytic removal of the inhibitory domain. In this work, we report two types cleavage-independent GSDM activation. First, Tricho GSDM, a domain–only protein from basal metazoan Trichoplax adhaerens , is disulfides-linked autoinhibited dimer reduction disulfides. The cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure illustrates assembly mechanism 44-mer pore. Second, RCD-1-1 and RCD-1-2, encoded polymorphic regulator cell death–1 ( rcd-1 ) gene in filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa also GSDMs. when encountering each other, form pores cause pyroptosis, underlying allorecognition . cryo-EM reveals pore 11 RCD-1-1/RCD-1-2 heterodimers heterodimerization-triggered mechanism. This study shows mechanistic diversities activation indicates versatile functions

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Molecular profiling of sponge deflation reveals an ancient relaxant-inflammatory response DOI Creative Commons
Fabian Ruperti, Isabelle Becher, Anniek Stokkermans

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 361 - 375.e9

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A hallmark of animals is the coordination whole-body movement. Neurons and muscles are central to this, yet coordinated movements also exist in sponges that lack these cell types. Sponges sessile with a complex canal system for filter-feeding. They undergo resembling "contractions" lead closure water expulsion. Here, we combine live 3D optical coherence microscopy, pharmacology, functional proteomics elucidate sequence detail shape changes, tissues molecular physiology involved, control movements. Morphometric analysis targeted perturbation suggest movement driven by relaxation actomyosin stress fibers epithelial cells, which leads deflation via collapse incurrent expansion excurrent system. Thermal proteome profiling quantitative phosphoproteomics confirm cellular an Akt/NO/PKG/PKA pathway. Agitation-induced differential phosphorylation proteins forming junctions, implying their mechanosensitive role. Unexpectedly, untargeted metabolomics detect concomitant decrease antioxidant molecules during deflation, reflecting increase reactive oxygen species. Together secretion proteinases, cytokines, granulin, this indicates inflammation-like state deflating sponge reminiscent vascular endothelial cells experiencing oscillatory shear stress. These results conservation ancient relaxant-inflammatory response perturbed fluid-carrying systems offer possible mechanism through diffusible paracrine signals mechanotransduction.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Transcription factor dynamics, oscillation, and functions in human enteroendocrine cell differentiation DOI
Pratik Singh, Wei Yong Gu, Shariq Madha

et al.

Cell stem cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(7), P. 1038 - 1057.e11

Published: May 10, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Organ Evolution: Emergence of Multicellular Function DOI
Joseph D. Parker

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 51 - 74

Published: July 4, 2024

Instances of multicellularity across the tree life have fostered evolution complex organs composed distinct cell types that cooperate, producing emergent biological functions. How originate is a fundamental evolutionary problem has eluded deep mechanistic and conceptual understanding. Here I propose cell- to organ-level transitions framework, whereby cooperative division labor originates becomes entrenched between through process functional niche creation, cell-type subfunctionalization, irreversible ratcheting interdependencies. Comprehending this transition hinges on explaining how these processes unfold molecularly in evolving populations. Recent single-cell transcriptomic studies analyses terminal fate specification indicate cellular functions are conferred by modular gene expression programs. These discrete components variation may be deployed or combined within cells introduce new properties into multicellular niches, partitioned establish labor. Tracing program at level single populations reveal toward organ complexity.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
A renaissance of microRNAs as taxonomic and phylogenetic markers in animals DOI Creative Commons
Bastian Fromm

Zoologica Scripta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(6), P. 754 - 762

Published: June 21, 2024

Abstract Molecular markers for tracing animal sample origins and compositions are critical applications such as parasite detection, contamination screening, authentication. Among these, microRNAs have emerged promising candidates due to their deep conservation, near‐hierarchical evolution, stability. I here review the suitability of taxonomic also phylogenetic show how careful annotation efforts establishment curated microRNA gene database MirGeneDB tools like MirMachine revitalized research. These advancements enable accurate studies, highlighting microRNAs' potential in resolving long‐standing questions relationships extending ancient DNA environmental RNA analysis. Future research must focus on expanding complements across all Metazoa further improving methodologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Evolution of Sensory Receptors DOI
Wendy A. Valencia‐Montoya, Naomi E. Pierce, Nicholas W. Bellono

et al.

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 353 - 379

Published: July 10, 2024

Sensory receptors are at the interface between an organism and its environment thus represent key sites for biological innovation. Here, we survey major sensory receptor families to uncover emerging evolutionary patterns. Receptors touch, temperature, light constitute part of ancestral toolkit animals, often predating evolution multicellularity nervous system. In contrast, chemoreceptors exhibit a dynamic history lineage-specific expansions contractions correlated with disparate complexity chemical environments. A recurring theme includes independent transitions from neurotransmitter diverse stimuli outside world. We then provide overview mechanisms underlying diversification highlight examples where signatures natural selection used identify novel adaptations. Finally, discuss as hotspots driving reproductive isolation speciation, thereby contributing stunning diversity animals.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
universalmotif: An R package for biological motif analysis DOI Creative Commons
Benjamin J.-M. Tremblay

The Journal of Open Source Software, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(100), P. 7012 - 7012

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Sequence motifs are an important concept in molecular biology, as specific repeating patterns DNA, RNA and proteins form the basis of biological regulation.Identifying characterizing these is therefore a part studying various aspects cellular processes, such gene regulation, transcript stability, protein function.Many programs have been developed over years to tackle tasks, though their interoperability remains poor.The universalmotif package has two main goals: serve go-between for most common motif Bioconductor packages used by research community, provide robust set tools basic analysis manipulation R. Tools sequence manipulation, scanning, enrichment, comparison, shuffling P-value computation included. InstallationThe project including its extensive documentation hosted on Bioconductor, with pre-built binaries available macOS Windows (and installation from source all platforms).Installation takes place within R using BiocManager package, which itself can be installed CRAN:install.packages("BiocManager") BiocManager::install("universalmotif")

Language: Английский

Citations

6
The emergence of Sox and POU transcription factors predates the origins of animal stem cells DOI Creative Commons

Ya Gao,

Daisylyn Senna Tan, Mathias Girbig

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Stem cells are a hallmark of animal multicellularity. Sox and POU transcription factors associated with stemness were believed to be innovations, reported absent in their unicellular relatives. Here we describe factors. Choanoflagellate filasterean proteins have DNA-binding specificity similar mammalian Sox2. Choanoflagellate—but not filasterean—Sox can replace Sox2 reprogram mouse somatic into induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) through interacting the member Oct4. In contrast, choanoflagellate has distinct profile cannot generate iPSCs. Ancestrally reconstructed indicate that iPSC formation capacity is pervasive among resurrected sequences, thus loss Sox2-like properties fostered family subfunctionalization. Our findings imply evolution might involved exaptation pre-existing set factors, where pre-animal was biochemically extant Sox, whilst required evolutionary innovations. The pluripotency program maintained by from families. they identify SOX relatives animals show SOX2 induce pluripotency, differs OCT4.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Transcription factor dynamics, oscillation, and functions in human enteroendocrine cell differentiation DOI Open Access
Pratik Singh, Wei Yong Gu, Shariq Madha

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which secrete serotonin (enterochromaffin cells, EC) or a dominant peptide hormone, serve vital physiologic functions. As with any adult human lineage, the basis for terminal cell diversity remains obscure. We replicated EEC differentiation

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Neurogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans DOI Creative Commons
Richard J. Poole, Nuria Flames, Luisa Cochella

et al.

Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 228(2)

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Abstract Animals rely on their nervous systems to process sensory inputs, integrate these with internal signals, and produce behavioral outputs. This is enabled by the highly specialized morphologies functions of neurons. Neuronal cells share multiple structural physiological features, but they also come in a large diversity types or classes that give system its broad range plasticity. diversity, first recognized over century ago, spurred classification efforts based morphology, function, molecular criteria. Caenorhabditis elegans, precisely mapped at anatomical level, an extensive description most neurons, genetic amenability, has been prime model for understanding how neurons develop diversify mechanistic level. Here, we review gene regulatory mechanisms driving neurogenesis diversification neuron subclasses C. elegans. We discuss our current specification neuronal progenitors differentiation terms transcription factors involved ensuing changes expression chromatin landscape. The central theme emerged identity defined modules batteries are under control parallel yet interconnected mechanisms. focus how, achieve terminal identities, information along developmental lineages. Moreover, diversified postembryonically time-, sex-, activity-dependent manner. Finally, development can provide insights into evolution diversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

4