Stem Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
16(5), P. 1117 - 1141
Published: May 1, 2021
Detailed
studies
of
the
embryo
allow
an
increasingly
mechanistic
understanding
development,
which
has
proved
profound
relevance
to
human
disease.
The
last
decade
seen
in
vitro
cultured
stem
cell-based
models
development
flourish,
provide
alternative
for
accessible
experimentation.
However,
usefulness
any
model
will
be
determined
by
how
accurately
it
reflects
vivo
embryonic
and/or
extent
facilitates
new
discoveries.
Stringent
benchmarking
is
thus
important
consideration
this
growing
field.
Here
we
overview
means
evaluate
both
properties
cells,
building
blocks
most
models,
as
well
current
and
future
models.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
601(7894), P. 600 - 605
Published: Dec. 2, 2021
Abstract
One
week
after
fertilization,
human
embryos
implant
into
the
uterus.
This
event
requires
embryo
to
form
a
blastocyst
consisting
of
sphere
encircling
cavity
lodging
proper.
Stem
cells
can
model
that
we
called
blastoid
1
.
Here
show
naive
pluripotent
stem
cultured
in
PXGL
medium
2
and
triply
inhibited
for
Hippo,
TGF-β
ERK
pathways
efficiently
(with
more
than
70%
efficiency)
blastoids
generating
blastocyst-stage
analogues
three
founding
lineages
(more
97%
trophectoderm,
epiblast
primitive
endoderm)
according
sequence
timing
development.
Blastoids
spontaneously
first
axis,
observe
induces
local
maturation
polar
thereby
endowing
with
capacity
directionally
attach
hormonally
stimulated
endometrial
cells,
as
during
implantation.
Thus,
propose
such
is
faithful,
scalable
ethical
investigating
implantation
development
3,4
Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
131, P. 66 - 77
Published: April 4, 2022
The
placenta
is
a
transient
fetal
organ
that
plays
critical
role
in
the
health
and
wellbeing
of
both
fetus
its
mother.
Functionally,
sustains
growth
as
it
facilitates
delivery
oxygen
nutrients
removal
waste
products.
Not
surprisingly,
defective
early
placental
development
primary
cause
common
disorders
pregnancy,
including
recurrent
miscarriage,
restriction,
pre-eclampsia
stillbirth.
Adverse
pregnancy
conditions
will
also
affect
life-long
via
developmental
programming[1].
Despite
importance
reproductive
success
health,
our
understanding
not
extensive,
largely
due
to
ethical
limitations
studying
or
chronological
development,
lack
long-term
vitro
models,
comparative
animal
models.
In
this
review,
we
examine
current
knowledge
human
discuss
maternal
endometrium
fetal-maternal
dialogue
success,
explore
latest
models
trophoblast
endometrial
stem
cells.
addition,
formation
function,
how
nutrient
mediated
during
periods
histotrophic
nutrition
(uptake
uterine
secretions)
haemotrophic
(exchange
between
circulations),
endocrine
function
development.
Cell Discovery,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Sept. 7, 2021
Abstract
Human
blastocysts
are
comprised
of
the
first
three
cell
lineages
embryo:
trophectoderm,
epiblast
and
primitive
endoderm,
all
which
essential
for
early
development
organ
formation.
However,
due
to
ethical
concerns
restricted
access
human
blastocysts,
a
comprehensive
understanding
embryogenesis
is
still
lacking.
To
bridge
this
knowledge
gap,
reliable
model
system
that
recapitulates
stages
needed.
Here
we
developed
three-dimensional
(3D),
two-step
induction
protocol
generating
blastocyst-like
structures
(EPS-blastoids)
from
extended
pluripotent
stem
(EPS)
cells.
Morphological
single-cell
transcriptomic
analyses
revealed
EPS-blastoids
contain
key
transcriptionally
similar
blastocysts.
Furthermore,
with
embryos
were
cultured
8
or
10
days
in
vitro,
terms
embryonic
structures,
profiles.
In
conclusion,
scalable
mimic
blastocyst
development,
can
potentially
facilitate
study
implantation
failure
induced
by
developmental
defects
at
stage.
Cell stem cell,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
29(5), P. 744 - 759.e6
Published: April 18, 2022
In
primates,
the
amnion
emerges
through
cavitation
of
epiblast
during
implantation,
whereas
in
other
species
it
does
so
later
at
gastrulation
by
folding
ectoderm.
How
mechanisms
amniogenesis
diversified
evolution
remains
unknown.
Unexpectedly,
single-cell
analysis
primate
embryos
uncovered
two
transcriptionally
and
temporally
distinct
waves.
To
study
this,
we
employed
naive-to-primed
transition
human
pluripotent
stem
cells
(hPSCs)
to
model
peri-implantation
development.
Partially
primed
hPSCs
transiently
gained
ability
differentiate
into
cavitating
epithelium
that
morphologically
matched
early
amnion,
fully
produced
resembling
late
instead,
thus
recapitulating
independent
differentiation
The
wave
follows
a
trophectoderm-like
pathway
encompasses
cavitation,
resembles
an
ectoderm-like
route
gastrulation.
discovery
waves
explains
how
could
emerge
via
duplication
pre-existing
trophectoderm
program.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: April 26, 2024
The
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
(iPSC)
technology
has
transformed
in
vitro
research
and
holds
great
promise
to
advance
regenerative
medicine.
iPSCs
have
the
capacity
for
an
almost
unlimited
expansion,
are
amenable
genetic
engineering,
can
be
differentiated
into
most
somatic
types.
been
widely
applied
model
human
development
diseases,
perform
drug
screening,
develop
therapies.
In
this
review,
we
outline
key
developments
iPSC
field
highlight
immense
versatility
of
modeling
therapeutic
applications.
We
begin
by
discussing
pivotal
discoveries
that
revealed
potential
a
nucleus
reprogramming
led
successful
generation
iPSCs.
consider
molecular
mechanisms
dynamics
as
well
numerous
methods
available
induce
pluripotency.
Subsequently,
discuss
various
iPSC-based
cellular
models,
from
mono-cultures
single
type
complex
three-dimensional
organoids,
how
these
models
elucidate
diseases.
use
examples
neurological
disorders,
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
cancer
diversity
disease-specific
phenotypes
modeled
using
iPSC-derived
cells.
also
used
high-throughput
screening
toxicity
studies.
Finally,
process
developing
autologous
allogeneic
therapies
their
alleviate
