The Cerebrovascular Side of Plasticity: Microvascular Architecture across Health and Neurodegenerative and Vascular Diseases
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(10), P. 983 - 983
Published: Sept. 28, 2024
The
delivery
of
nutrients
to
the
brain
is
provided
by
a
600
km
network
capillaries
and
microvessels.
Indeed,
highly
energy
demanding
and,
among
total
amount
100
billion
neurons,
each
neuron
located
just
10–20
μm
from
capillary.
This
vascular
also
forms
part
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB),
which
maintains
brain’s
stable
environment
regulating
chemical
balance,
immune
cell
transport,
blocking
toxins.
Typically,
microvascular
endothelial
cells
(BMECs)
have
low
turnover,
indicating
cerebrovascular
structure.
However,
this
structure
can
adapt
significantly
due
development,
aging,
injury,
or
disease.
Temporary
neural
activity
changes
are
managed
expansion
contraction
arterioles
capillaries.
Hypoxia
leads
significant
remodeling
architecture
pathological
been
documented
in
aging
neurodegenerative
conditions.
These
often
involve
BMEC
proliferation
capillary
segments,
linked
with
local
neuronal
cognitive
function.
Cerebrovascular
plasticity,
especially
arterioles,
capillaries,
venules,
varies
over
different
time
scales
health,
diseases.
Rapid
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF)
occur
within
seconds
increased
activity.
Prolonged
structure,
influenced
consistent
environmental
factors,
take
weeks.
Development
bring
months
years,
aging-associated
plasticity
improved
exercise.
Injuries
cause
rapid
damage
but
be
repaired
weeks
months,
while
diseases
slow,
varied
years.
In
addition,
if
animal
models
may
provide
useful
dynamic
vivo
information
about
humans
more
complex
investigate
hypothesis
glymphatic
system
together
Magnetic
Resonance
Imaging
(MRI)
techniques
could
clues
future.
Language: Английский
Low-cost physiology and behavioral monitor for intravital imaging in small mammals
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12(01)
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
SignificanceFunctional
brain
imaging
experiments
in
awake
animals
require
meticulous
monitoring
of
animal
behavior
to
screen
for
spontaneous
behavioral
events.
Although
these
events
occur
naturally,
they
can
alter
cell
signaling
and
hemodynamic
activity
the
confound
functional
measurements.AimWe
developed
a
centralized,
user-friendly,
stand-alone
platform
that
includes
an
fixation
frame,
compact
peripheral
sensors,
portable
data
acquisition
system.
The
affordable,
integrated
benefit
by
motion
detection
alertness
levels
as
complementary
readouts
measurements.ApproachA
custom
system
was
designed
using
powerful,
inexpensive
microcomputer.
We
customized
accelerometer
miniature
camera
modules
efficient,
real-time
pupil
diameter.
then
tested
validated
platform's
performance
with
optical
intrinsic
signal
GCaMP
fluorescence
calcium
activation
mice.ResultsThe
shows
promise
detecting
dilation
while
imaging.
Stimulus-induced
found
initiate
earlier
than
cortical
hemodynamics
slower
rise
time.
Compared
neuronal
response,
stimulus-induced
initiated
later
time.ConclusionsWe
monitor
dynamics.
device
be
easily
coupled
synchronized
systems
behavior,
alertness,
studies.
Language: Английский
Contributions of synaptic glutamate versus neuronal spiking activity to cerebral vascular responses in awake mice
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 15, 2025
Neurovascular
coupling
is
the
temporal
relationship
between
neuronal
activity
and
regional
blood
flow
changes
presumably
to
meet
high
metabolic
demands
of
brain.
Prior
fMRI
studies
have
reported
excitatory
synaptic
transmission
as
more
metabolically
demanding
than
spiking,
thus
correlating
better
with
cerebral
hemodynamics.
To
investigate
this
finding
newer
optical
imaging
techniques,
we
used
fluorescent
markers
for
extracellular
glutamate
intracellular
calcium
directly
measure
relationships
spiking
activities
on
local
vascular
in
awake
mice
under
evoked
spontaneous
conditions.
determine
which
signal
predicts
hemodynamic
responses,
a
linear
convolution
model.
Using
wide
field
(WFOI),
observed
peak
fluorescence
values
0.38%
5.60%
calcium,
respectively,
whisker
stimulation,
3.13%
35.77%,
using
two-photon
microscopy
(2PM).
Following
mean
R
2
were
0.64
0.79
WFOI
0.67
0.56,
2PM.
From
resting-state,
0.73
0.68
respectively.
Altogether,
both
signals
perform
similarly
predicting
no
significant
differences
their
prediction
efficacy.
Language: Английский
Electroconvulsive therapy generates a postictal wave of spreading depolarization in mice and humans
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: May 18, 2025
Electroconvulsive
therapy
(ECT)
is
a
fast-acting,
highly
effective,
and
safe
treatment
for
medication-resistant
depression.
Historically,
the
clinical
benefits
of
ECT
have
been
attributed
to
generating
controlled
seizure;
however,
underlying
neurobiology
understudied
unresolved.
Using
optical
neuroimaging
neural
activity
hemodynamics
in
mouse
model
ECT,
we
demonstrated
that
second
brain
event
follows
seizure:
cortical
spreading
depolarization
(CSD).
We
found
pulse
parameters
electrode
configuration
directly
shaped
wave
dynamics
seizure
subsequent
CSD.
To
translate
these
findings
human
patients,
used
non-invasive
diffuse
monitoring
cerebral
blood
flow
oxygenation
during
routine
treatments.
observed
brains
reliably
generate
hyperemic
waves
after
which
are
consistent
with
These
results
challenge
long-held
assumption
primary
outcome
point
new
opportunities
optimizing
stimulation
outcomes.
Language: Английский
Arousal as a universal embedding for spatiotemporal brain dynamics
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Neural
activity
in
awake
organisms
shows
widespread
and
spatiotemporally
diverse
correlations
with
behavioral
physiological
measurements.
We
propose
that
this
covariation
reflects
part
the
dynamics
of
a
unified,
multidimensional
arousal-related
process
regulates
brain-wide
physiology
on
timescale
seconds.
By
framing
interpretation
within
dynamical
systems
theory,
we
arrive
at
surprising
prediction:
single,
scalar
measurement
arousal
(e.g.,
pupil
diameter)
should
suffice
to
reconstruct
continuous
evolution
multidimensional,
spatiotemporal
measurements
large-scale
brain
physiology.
To
test
hypothesis,
perform
multimodal,
cortex-wide
optical
imaging
monitoring
mice.
demonstrate
neuronal
calcium,
metabolism,
blood-oxygen
can
be
accurately
parsimoniously
modeled
from
low-dimensional
state-space
reconstructed
time
history
diameter.
Extending
framework
electrophysiological
Allen
Brain
Observatory,
ability
integrate
experimental
data
into
unified
generative
model
via
mappings
an
intrinsic
manifold.
Our
results
support
hypothesis
spontaneous,
spatially
structured
fluctuations
physiology-widely
interpreted
reflect
regionally-specific
neural
communication-are
large
reflections
process.
This
enriched
view
has
broad
implications
for
interpreting
observations
brain,
body,
behavior
as
measured
across
modalities,
contexts,
scales.
Language: Английский
Electroconvulsive therapy generates a hidden wave after seizure
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Abstract
Electroconvulsive
therapy
(ECT)
is
a
fast-acting,
highly
effective,
and
safe
treatment
for
medication-resistant
depression.
Historically,
the
clinical
benefits
of
ECT
have
been
attributed
to
generating
controlled
seizure;
however,
underlying
neurobiology
understudied
remains
largely
unresolved.
Using
optical
neuroimaging
probe
neural
activity
hemodynamics
in
mouse
model
ECT,
we
demonstrated
that
second
brain
event
follows
seizure:
cortical
spreading
depolarization
(CSD).
We
further
found
stimulation
pulse
parameters
electrode
configuration
directly
shaped
wave
dynamics
seizure
subsequent
CSD.
To
translate
these
findings
human
patients,
tested
presence
hemodynamic
signatures
post-ictal
CSD
using
non-invasive
diffuse
monitoring
cerebral
blood
flow
oxygenation
during
routine
treatments.
evidence
humans
generate
hyperemic
waves
after
which
are
consistent
with
These
results
challenge
long-held
assumption
primary
outcome
point
new
opportunities
optimizing
precisely
modulate
outcomes.
Language: Английский