Innate immunity: the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 165 - 176

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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A central role for amyloid fibrin microclots in long COVID/PASC: origins and therapeutic implications

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 479(4), P. 537 - 559

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Post-acute sequelae of COVID (PASC), usually referred to as ‘Long COVID’ (a phenotype COVID-19), is a relatively frequent consequence SARS-CoV-2 infection, in which symptoms such breathlessness, fatigue, ‘brain fog’, tissue damage, inflammation, and coagulopathies (dysfunctions the blood coagulation system) persist long after initial infection. It bears similarities other post-viral syndromes, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Many regulatory health bodies still do not recognize this separate disease entity, refer it under broad terminology ‘COVID’, although its demographics are quite different from those acute COVID-19. A few years ago, we discovered that fibrinogen can clot into an anomalous ‘amyloid’ form fibrin (like β-rich amyloids prions) resistant proteolysis (fibrinolysis). The result, strongly manifested platelet-poor plasma (PPP) individuals with Long COVID, extensive amyloid microclots persist, entrap proteins, may lead production various autoantibodies. These more-or-less easily measured PPP stain thioflavin T simple fluorescence microscope. Although multifarious, here argue ability these (fibrinaloids) block up capillaries, thus limit passage red cells hence O2 exchange, actually underpin majority symptoms. Consistent this, preliminary report, has been shown suitable closely monitored ‘triple’ anticoagulant therapy leads removal also removes Fibrin represent novel potentially important target for both understanding treatment related disorders.

Language: Английский

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NETosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in COVID-19: Immunothrombosis and Beyond

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 2, 2022

Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, causes respiratory problems and multifaceted organ dysfunction. A crucial mechanism COVID-19 immunopathy is recruitment activation neutrophils at infection site, which also predicts severity poor outcomes. The release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), occurring during a regulated form cell death known as NETosis, key effector function that mediates harmful effects caused by neutrophils. Abundant NETosis NET generation have been observed in many patients, leading to unfavorable coagulopathy immunothrombosis. Moreover, excessive are now more widely recognized mediators additional pathophysiological abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this minireview, we introduce subtypes NET-producing (e.g., low-density granulocytes) explain biological importance NETs protein cargos COVID-19. addition, discuss mechanisms upregulating viral processes entry replication) well host pro-NET proinflammatory mediator release, platelet activation, autoantibody production). Furthermore, provide an update main findings immunothrombosis other COVID-19-related disorders, such aberrant immunity, neurological post syndromes including lung fibrosis, disorder, tumor progression, deteriorated chronic illness. Finally, address potential prospective treatment strategies target dysregulated formation via inhibition promotion degradation, respectively.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 154497 - 154497

Published: May 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Language: Английский

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Thromboprophylaxis in Patients With COVID-19

CHEST Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 162(1), P. 213 - 225

Published: Feb. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and thrombosis: The role of hemodynamics

Thrombosis Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 51 - 57

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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The potential role of ischaemia–reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

Biochemical Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 479(16), P. 1653 - 1708

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements pathology chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be fibrin amyloid microclot blockage capillaries, for instance as exercise started; reperfusion necessary corollary when it finishes. rehearse mechanistic evidence these occurrences here, terms their manifestation oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, production marker metabolites related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both breathlessness/fatigue post-exertional malaise observed conditions, many other observables. The recognition processes implies, mechanistically, therapeutic benefit potentially to had from antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, iron chelators, suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. review considerable existing consistent with this, biochemical mechanisms involved.

Language: Английский

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Clinical features of thrombosis and bleeding in COVID-19

Blood, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 140(3), P. 184 - 195

Published: April 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tromboembolismo Pulmonar: Actualización Post Pandemia de COVID -19

Revista Científica de Salud y Desarrollo Humano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 422 - 434

Published: May 21, 2024

El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una afección grave que ocurre cuando un coágulo de sangre bloquea arteria en los pulmones. Puede causar dificultad para respirar, dolor el pecho, desmayos e incluso la muerte. En reciente pandemia COVID 19, incidencia TEP se incrementó. estudio consistió revisión literatura investigación médica proceso análisis realizó con matriz resumen artículos científicos estilo PRISMA. total analizaron 10 estudios, grados recomendación A y B escala Oxford. La infección por COVID-19 aumenta riesgo las personas desarrollen (EP). Esta potencialmente mortal produce coágulos viajan desde otra parte del torrente sanguíneo (normalmente pierna) hasta mayor EP puede deberse a respuesta inmune irregular causada COVID-19. exagerada sistema inmune, parece ser mecanismo acción provoca paciente 19 marcador Dímero – D, ha demostrado importante sensibilidad predecir eventos pacientes 19. Se concluye enfermedad incrementa trombosis también aquellos sin antecedentes trombóticos.

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Prediction of pulmonary embolism by an explainable machine learning approach in the real world

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

In recent years, large amounts of researches showed that pulmonary embolism (PE) has become a common disease, and PE remains clinical challenge because its high mortality, disability, missed misdiagnosed rates. To address this, we employed an artificial intelligence–based machine learning algorithm (MLA) to construct robust predictive model for PE. We retrospectively analyzed 1480 suspected patients hospitalized in West China Hospital Sichuan University between May 2015 April 2020. 126 features were screened diverse MLAs utilized craft models Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) used evaluate their performance SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values elucidate prediction model. Regarding efficacy single most accurately predicted outcome, RF demonstrated highest predicting outcomes, with AUC 0.776 (95% CI 0.774–0.778). The SHAP summary plot delineated positive negative effects attributed model, including D-dimer, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrin fibrinogen degradation products (FFDP), platelet count, albumin, cholesterol, sodium. Furthermore, dependence illustrated impact individual on Finally, MLA based was designed as web page can be applied platform management. this study, successfully established page, facilitating optimization early diagnosis timely treatment strategies enhance patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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