The Association of Baseline Plasma SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antigen Level and Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 DOI
Ralph Rogers, Deborah Wentworth, Andrew Phillips

et al.

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175(10), P. 1401 - 1410

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

Background: Levels of plasma SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen may be an important biomarker in patients with COVID-19 and enhance our understanding the pathogenesis COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate whether levels can predict short-term clinical outcomes identify viral factors associated hospitalized SARS-CoV-2. Design: Cross-sectional study baseline level from 2540 participants enrolled TICO (Therapeutics for Inpatients With COVID-19) platform trial August 2020 to November 2021, additional data on day 5 outcome time discharge. Setting: 114 centers 10 countries. Participants: Adults acute infection 12 days or less symptoms. Measurements: Baseline N was measured at a central laboratory. Delta variant status determined nasal swabs using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Associations between patient characteristics were assessed both unadjusted multivariable modeling. Association elevated 1000 ng/L greater outcomes, including worsening ordinal pulmonary scale hospital discharge, evaluated logistic regression Fine–Gray models, respectively. Results: Plasma below quantification 5% enrollment, 57%. severity illness strongly level, mean 3.10-fold higher among those requiring noninvasive ventilation high-flow cannula compared room air (95% CI, 2.22 4.34). who lacked antispike antibodies (6.42 fold; 5.37 7.66) (1.73 1.41 2.13). Additional included male sex, shorter since admission, decreased remdesivir, renal impairment. In contrast, race, ethnicity, body mass index, immunocompromising conditions not levels. markedly odds worsened (odds ratio, 5.06 [CI, 3.41 7.50]) longer discharge (median, 7 vs. 4 days; subhazard 0.51 0.45 0.57]), ratios similar across all severity. Limitations: samples drawn presentation. No point-of-care test measure is currently available. Conclusion: Elevated highly clinically outcomes. Multiple are These support potential role ongoing replication patients. Primary Funding Source: U.S. government Operation Warp Speed National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases.

Language: Английский

SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy DOI Open Access
Sydney Stein, Sabrina Ramelli, Alison Grazioli

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 612(7941), P. 758 - 763

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

670
Therapeutic strategies for COVID-19: progress and lessons learned DOI Open Access
Guangdi Li, Rolf Hilgenfeld, Richard J. Whitley

et al.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 449 - 475

Published: April 19, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

411
Innate immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Judith M. Minkoff, Benjamin R. tenOever

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

165
Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract DOI Creative Commons
Robert C. Mettelman, E. Kaitlynn Allen, Paul G. Thomas

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(5), P. 749 - 780

Published: May 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

155
Host-directed immunotherapy of viral and bacterial infections: past, present and future DOI Open Access
Robert S. Wallis, Anne O’Garra, Alan Sher

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 121 - 133

Published: June 7, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

155
Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Dragan Primorac,

Kristijan Vrdoljak,

Petar Brlek

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 4, 2022

Since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, medical field has been forced to apply basic knowledge immunology with most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and translate it population whole world in record time. Following infection viral antigen, adaptive immune responses are activated mainly by particle encounters antigen-presenting cells or B cell receptors, which induce further biological interactions defend host against virus. After warded off, immunological memory is developed. The SARS-CoV cellular immunity shown persist even 17 years after infection, despite undetectable humoral component. Similar demonstrated for T a shorter period assessing interferon-gamma levels when heparinized blood stimulated virus-specific peptides. also play an irreplaceable part reaction as backbone response. They both provide signals activation maturation, competence, production IgA was be significant influence mediating mucosal first defense mechanism development nasal vaccines. Here, we interpret recent available research, encompasses significance current understanding activity, compare among naive, exposed, vaccinated donors. Our data showed that those who recovered from EMA-approved vaccines had long-lasting immunity. Additionally, analyze immunocompromised patients mediated impact clonality pandemic regarding breakthrough infections variants concern, B.1.617.2 (Delta) B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

95
Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review DOI Creative Commons

Arwa A. Al-Qahtani,

Fatimah S. Alhamlan, Ahmed A. Al‐Qahtani

et al.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that crucial in regulating immune responses during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment of cells, whereas anti-inflammatory help suppress excessive inflammation promote tissue repair. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview role pro-inflammatory diseases, with focus on mechanisms underlying their effects, diagnostic therapeutic potential, emerging trends IL-based therapies.

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Innate immunity, cytokine storm, and inflammatory cell death in COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Rajendra Karki, Thirumala‐Devi Kanneganti

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Abstract The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens; however, dysregulated responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is detrimental to host. Therefore, careful regulation critical during infections. coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in global morbidity mortality well socio-economic stresses. Innate sensing SARS-CoV-2 multiple host cell pattern recognition receptors leads production various pro-inflammatory cytokines induction inflammatory death. These processes contribute cytokine storm, tissue damage, distress syndrome. Here, we discuss activation contribution this signaling development severity COVID-19. In addition, provide a conceptual framework for immunity driving storm organ damage patients with A better understanding molecular mechanisms regulated needed targeted modalities improve patient outcomes mitigating disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Lung epithelial and myeloid innate immunity in influenza-associated or COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: an observational study DOI
Simon Feys, Samuel M. Gonçalves, Mona Khan

et al.

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1147 - 1159

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Immune mechanisms underlying COVID-19 pathology and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) DOI Creative Commons
Sindhu Mohandas, Prasanna Jagannathan, Timothy J. Henrich

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 26, 2023

With a global tally of more than 500 million cases severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to date, there are growing concerns about the post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Recent studies suggest that exaggerated immune responses key determinants severity and outcomes initial well subsequent PASC. The complexity innate adaptive in period requires in-depth mechanistic analyses identify specific molecular signals cell populations which promote PASC pathogenesis. In this review, we examine current literature on mechanisms dysregulation COVID-19 limited emerging data immunopathology While phases may share some parallel immunopathology, it is likely quite distinct heterogeneous, thus requiring large-scale longitudinal patients with without after an infection. By outlining knowledge gaps PASC, hope provide avenues for novel research directions will ultimately lead precision therapies restore healthy function patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

63