Eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine: an overview of risks and recommendations for treatment and early intervention

Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 54 - 76

Published: July 9, 2020

Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) are at significant risk for increases in symptomatology and diminished treatment access during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental precautions to limit coronavirus spread have affected food availability healthy coping mechanisms, contributed weight-stigmatizing social media messages that may be uniquely harmful those experiencing EDs. Additionally, changes socialization routine, stress, experiences of trauma being experienced globally particularly deleterious ED recovery. This paper presents a brief review pertinent literature related EDs context offers suggestions modifying intervention efforts accommodate unique challenges individuals providers light ongoing public health crisis.

Language: Английский

---

Binge eating disorder

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 17, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Risk factors for eating disorders: findings from a rapid review

Journal of Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Abstract Background Risk factors represent a range of complex variables associated with the onset, development, and course eating disorders. Understanding these risk is vital for refinement aetiological models, which may inform development targeted, evidence-based prevention, early intervention, treatment programs. This Rapid Review aimed to identify summarise research studies conducted within last 12 years, focusing on Methods The current review forms part series Reviews be published in special issue Journal Eating Disorders, funded by Australian Government National Disorder Research Translation Strategy 2021–2031. Three databases were searched between 2009 2021, English, comprising high-level evidence (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, moderately sized randomised controlled studies, controlled-cohort or population studies). Data pertaining disorders synthesised outlined paper. Results A total 284 included. findings divided into nine main categories: (1) genetics, (2) gastrointestinal microbiota autoimmune reactions, (3) childhood adolescent exposures, (4) personality traits comorbid mental health conditions, (5) gender, (6) socio-economic status, (7) ethnic minority, (8) body image social influence, (9) elite sports. substantial amount exists supporting role inherited genetic disorders, biological factors, such as gut dysregulation appetite, an area emerging evidence. Abuse, trauma obesity are strongly linked however less conclusive regarding developmental in-utero exposure hormones. Comorbidities including mood have been found increase severity disorder symptomatology. Higher education attainment, image-related use appearance-focused media also increased symptoms. Conclusion multiple factors. An extensive has field; however, further required assess causal nature identified review. will assist understanding sequelae turn allow enhancement existing interventions ultimately improved outcomes individuals.

Language: Английский

---

Adverse childhood experiences and adult inflammation: Single adversity, cumulative risk and latent class approaches

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 820 - 830

Published: March 19, 2020

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have long been known to be related poorer health across the life course. Previous studies typically relied on cumulative risk scores or individual adversities measured through retrospective self-reports. However, these approaches important limitations. Cumulative assume equal weighting of and single adversity approach ignores high probability that co-occur. In contrast, latent class analysis (LCA) offers an alternative operationalise ACEs respects clustering may identify specific patterns for outcomes. Furthermore, prospective reports show poor agreement. Therefore, it is compare findings based measures in same individuals. Despite increasing number applying LCA data, no yet simultaneously investigated their relationships with adult inflammation. Identifying combinations which are strongly inflammation investigating mechanisms involved planning effective interventions. Using data 8810 members 1958 British birth cohort we 12 – physical, psychological sexual abuse, physical emotional neglect, parental mental problems, witnessing conflict, divorce, offending, substance misuse death. was applied explore prospectively retrospectively reported separately. Associations between classes, three inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen von Willebrand Factor) were tested using linear regression. There co-occurrence adversities, particularly adversities. Three classes identified 'Low ACEs' (95.7%), 'Household dysfunction' (2.8%) 'Parental loss' (1.5%) increased mid-life, as ACE death, neglect family conflict. Four ACEs', misuse', 'Maltreatment conflict' 'Polyadversity.' The latter two (5.2%) raised a score 4+ (8.3%) abuse. Specific might chronic operationalising but further research needed.

Language: Английский

---

Diseases of affluence? A systematic review of the literature on socioeconomic diversity in eating disorders

Eating Behaviors, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 101548 - 101548

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Separating the Signal from the Noise: How Psychiatric Diagnoses Can Help Discern Food Addiction from Dietary Restraint

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 2937 - 2937

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Converging evidence from both animal and human studies have implicated hedonic eating as a driver of binge obesity. The construct food addiction has been used to capture pathological across clinical non-clinical populations. There is an ongoing debate regarding the value “diagnosis” among those with disorders such anorexia nervosa binge/purge-type, bulimia nervosa, disorder. Much research in disorder populations failed account for dietary restraint, which can increase addiction-like behaviors may even lead false positives. Some argued that concept does more harm than good by encouraging restrictive approaches eating. Others shown better understanding model reduce stigma associated What lacking literature description comprehensive approach assessment addiction. This should include consideration presence symptoms other psychiatric (substance use, posttraumatic stress, depressive, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity) guide treatments including nutrition interventions. purpose this review help clinicians identify (true positives, or “the signal”) classic pathology negatives, “restraint”) potentially elevate scores (false noise”). Three vignettes are presented, designed aid process, case conceptualization, treatment strategies. summarizes logical steps take contextualize elevated scores, when use validated instruments not practical.

Language: Английский

---

Adverse childhood experiences among adults with eating disorders: comparison to a nationally representative sample and identification of trauma profiles

Journal of Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 20, 2022

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent, impact long-term physical and mental health, associated with eating disorders (EDs) in adulthood. The primary objectives of the current study were: (1) to examine compare ACEs between two samples: treatment-seeking adults, a nationally representative sample (2) characterize items total scores across demographic diagnostic information adults seeking treatment for an ED, (3) statistically classify profiles using latent class analysis, (4) associations diagnosis. Methods This cross-sectional assessed patients DSM-5 ED receiving October 2018 April 2020 at inpatient, residential, or partial hospitalization levels care one private facilities. were Childhood Experiences Survey admission. Generalized linear models Welch’s t-tests used national estimates. A analysis was conducted subgroups responses, differences these classes by diagnoses examined multinomial logistic regression. Results Patients EDs had significantly higher ( M = 1.95, SD 1.90) than 1.57, 4.72; t 6.42, p < .001). Within EDs, four item endorsement identified. other specified feeding disorder (OSFED) binge (BED) more likely fall into “Household ACEs” “Abuse groups, respectively, compared anorexia nervosa—restricting subtype (AN-R). Conclusions reported sample, membership found diagnoses. can inform development trauma-informed EDs.

Language: Английский

---

Trauma exposure and eating disorders: Results from a United States nationally representative sample

International Journal of Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(8), P. 1079 - 1089

Published: June 19, 2022

Abstract Objective Sexual assault, child abuse, and combat have been linked to eating disorders (EDs). However, noninterpersonal trauma is relatively understudied, therefore it unknown whether associated with EDs. Furthermore, most previous studies do not account for multiple exposures, or the relative association of traumatic events EDs in same statistical model. Method Multinomial regression was used examine lifetime ED diagnosis (anorexia nervosa [AN], bulimia [BN], binge disorder [BED]) type (sexual interpersonal, other war/combat, noninterpersonal) a nationally representative dataset US adults bivariate multivariable (i.e., all types) models. Results interpersonal significantly positively AN BED In model, only found be equally sexual trauma. Discussion These results indicate strong positive between EDs, even when controlling experiences events. Future research should longitudinal mediators especially trauma, identify what factors may explain this relationship. Public significance statement Individuals often experience but unclear specific types are more less common population. This study that such as rape assault anorexia nervosa, disorder. Therefore, relationship function differently than disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms

Journal of Eating Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Eating disorder (ED) symptoms have been associated with different types of traumatic events, such as exposure to sexual and physical violence, emotional abuse. However, the relation between ED community violence (CVE) is underexplored, despite latter's adverse effects on many aspects adolescent functioning. The primary aim this study was evaluate CVE in adolescents, while also investigating potential mediating moderating roles posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, gender, ethnicity. Data were collected longitudinally over two consecutive years city New Haven, CT, United States. Participants 2612 students from public school system (1397 girls 1215 boys) an average age 12.8 (SD = 1.29). comprised several ethnic groups, including Caucasians, African Americans Hispanic Americans. Associations (no exposure, witnessing, victimization) PTS at year one, (thoughts compensatory behaviors) two, assessed self-rating instruments. Moderation mediation analyses conducted using a variant linear regression (Hayes PROCESS macro). significantly both witnessing being victim most or all relations explained by symptoms. Overall, neither gender nor ethnicity had meaningful effect observed relations. findings support notion that assessing addressing might be beneficial when treating individuals who experienced irrespective

Language: Английский

---

Using latent class analysis to empirically classify maltreatment according to the developmental timing, duration, and co-occurrence of abuse types

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 104574 - 104574

Published: June 9, 2020

Language: Английский

---