Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera DOI Open Access
Wei Wang, Gitanjali Bhushan,

Stephanie Paz

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 6, 2024

Abstract Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such rare due population immunity from infections and vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers breadth matched human hamster pre-Omicron variant primary correlate well generate similar antigenic maps. The map shows modest drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 BA.4/BA.5 within the cluster, five six-fold differences between these XBB.1.5. Compared following only ancestral or bivalent vaccinations, post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster had broadest against although a five-fold titer difference was still observed variants. These findings suggest antibody coverage antigenically divergent could be improved vaccine antigen.

Language: Английский

Antigenic cartography using variant-specific hamster sera reveals substantial antigenic variation among Omicron subvariants DOI Creative Commons
Barbara Mühlemann, Jakob Trimpert, Felix Walper

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(32)

Published: July 30, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed substantial antigenic variability. As the majority of population now pre-existing immunity due to infection or vaccination, use experimentally generated animal immune sera can be valuable for measuring differences between virus variants. Here, we immunized Syrian hamsters by two successive infections with one nine SARS-CoV-2 Their were titrated against 16 variants, and resulting titers visualized using cartography. The map shows a condensed cluster containing all pre-Omicron variants (D614G, Alpha, Delta, Beta, Mu, an engineered B.1+E484K variant) considerably more diversity among selected panel Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, BA.5 descendants BF.7 BQ.1.18, BA.2.75 descendant BN.1.3.1, BA.2-derived recombinants XBB.2 EG.5.1, BA.2.86 JN.1). Some as antigenically distinct from each other wildtype is BA.1 variant. Compared measured in human sera, hamster are higher magnitude, show less fold change, result compact topology. results highlight potential continued characterization SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Strategy to develop broadly effective multivalent COVID-19 vaccines against emerging variants based on Ad5/35 platform DOI Creative Commons
Soojeong Chang, Shin Kwang-Soo, Bongju Park

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(10)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron strain has evolved into highly divergent variants with several sub-lineages. These newly emerging threaten the efficacy of available COVID-19 vaccines. To mitigate occurrence breakthrough infections and re-infections, more importantly, to reduce disease burden, it is essential develop a strategy for producing updated multivalent vaccines that can provide broad neutralization against both currently circulating variants. We developed bivalent vaccine AdCLD-CoV19-1 BA.5/BA.2.75 trivalent XBB/BN.1/BQ.1.1 XBB.1.5/BN.1/BQ.1.1 using an Ad5/35 platform-based non-replicating recombinant adenoviral vector. compared immune responses elicited by monovalent in mice macaques. found exhibited improved cross-neutralization ability their respective data suggest enhance immunity subvariants effectively elicit neutralizing antibodies across spectrum SARS-CoV-2

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Nonhuman primate antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Annika Rössler, Antonia Netzl, Ninaad Lasrado

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 115140 - 115140

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A bivalent COVID-19 mRNA vaccine elicited broad immune responses and protection against Omicron subvariants infection DOI Creative Commons
Jun Liu, Li Wang, Alexandra Kurtesi

et al.

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract Continuously emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants pose a threat thwarting the effectiveness of approved COVID-19 vaccines. Especially, protection breadth and degree these vaccines against antigenically distant is unclear. Here, we report immunogenicity efficacy bivalent mRNA vaccine, PTX-COVID19-M1.2 (M1.2), which encodes native spike proteins from Wuhan-Hu-1 (D614G) BA.2.12.1, in mouse hamster models. Both primary series booster vaccination using M1.2 elicited potent broad nAbs some subvariants. Strong spike-specific T cell responses subvariants, including JN.1, were also induced. Vaccination with protected animals multiple challenges. Interestingly, XBB.1.5 lung infection did not correlate nAb levels. These results indicate that generated broadly protective immune response cells probably contributed to protection.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Durable reprogramming of neutralizing antibody responses following Omicron breakthrough infection DOI Creative Commons
Wen Shi Lee, Hyon‐Xhi Tan, Arnold Reynaldi

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(29)

Published: July 21, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection of vaccinated individuals is increasingly common with the circulation highly immune evasive and transmissible Omicron variants. Here, we report dynamics durability recalled spike-specific humoral immunity following BA.1 or BA.2 infection, longitudinal sampling up to 8 months after infection. Both infections robustly boosted neutralization activity against infecting strain while expanding breadth BA.4, although was substantially reduced for more recent XBB BQ.1.1 strains. Cross-reactive memory B cells both ancestral spike were predominantly expanded by limited recruitment de novo Omicron-specific antibodies. Modeling titers predicts that protection from symptomatic reinfection antigenically similar strains will be durable but undermined new emerging further escape.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Immune escape of BA.2.86 is comparable to XBB subvariants from the plasma of BA.5‐ and BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent subpopulations DOI Creative Commons
Xiaoyun Yang,

Yuan Wang,

Ziteng Liang

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The EG.5.1 variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been prevalent since mid‐July 2023 in the United States and China. BA.2.86 become a major concern because it is 34 mutations away from parental BA.2 >30 XBB.1.5. There an urgent need to evaluate whether immunity population current vaccines are protective against BA.2.86. Based on cohort two breakthrough‐infected groups, levels neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) different subvariants were measured using pseudovirus‐based neutralization assays. XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, comparably immune‐evasive by plasma individuals recovered BA.5 infection (BA.5‐convalescent) or XBB.1.9.2/XBB.1.5 following (BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent). NAb remained >120 geometric mean titers (GMTs) BA.5‐XBB‐convalescent 2 months postinfection but <40 GMTs BA.5‐convalescent individuals. Furthermore, XBB‐targeting messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine RQ3033 induced higher NAbs than BA.5‐XBB infection. results suggest that unlikely cause more concerns currently circulating XBB XBB.1.5‐targeting mRNA tested promising protection

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Comparative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers reveals consistency between human and animal model serum and across assays DOI
Barbara Mühlemann, Samuel Wilks, Lauren Baracco

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(747)

Published: May 15, 2024

The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires ongoing monitoring to judge the ability newly arising variants escape immune response. A surveillance system necessitates an understanding differences in neutralization titers measured different assays and using human animal serum samples. We compared 18 datasets generated human, hamster, mouse six assays. Datasets model samples showed higher titer magnitudes than this comparison. Fold change ancestral SARS-CoV-2, immunodominance patterns, antigenic maps were similar among Most yielded consistent results, except for fold cytopathic effect Hamster a surrogate first-infection These results inform transition SARS-CoV-2 variation from dependence on utilization models.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Neutralization of omicron subvariants and antigenic cartography following multiple COVID 19 vaccinations and repeated omicron non JN.1 or JN.1 infections DOI Creative Commons
Nungruthai Suntronwong, Sitthichai Kanokudom,

Thaneeya Duangchinda

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Challenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination DOI Open Access
Daria A. Naumova,

Tatyana Krokunova,

Denis Maksimov

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 816 - 816

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are non-pathogenic, replication-deficient that have gained widespread attention for their application as gene therapy vectors. While these vectors offer high transduction efficiency and long-term expression, the host immune response poses a significant challenge to clinical success. This review focuses on obstacles evaluating humoral AAVs. We discuss problems with validation of in vitro tests possible approaches overcome them. Using published data neutralizing titers AAV serotypes, we built first antigenic maps AAVs order visualize relationships between varying serotypes.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Immune evasion of Omicron variants JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3 to the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents and vaccine recipients DOI
Qian Wu,

Hairuo Wu,

Yabin Hu

et al.

Antiviral Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106092 - 106092

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0