The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
903, P. 166597 - 166597
Published: Aug. 26, 2023
Produced
water
re-injection
(PWRI)
is
a
promising
and
sustainable
strategy
to
manage
substantial
quantities
of
produced
for
subsurface
energy
production
systems.
This
approach
offers
an
alternative
the
environmentally
harmful
practice
marine
disposal.
Nonetheless,
may
lead
considerable
reductions
in
injectivity.
The
injectivity
loss
can
be
attributed
several
factors,
including
inorganic
scaling,
which
obstruct
flow
pathway
through
porous
media
near
wellbore
as
well
facilities
(e.g.,
tubing).
Scaling
also
contribute
formation
mixed
organic-inorganic
schmoo-like
complexes.
Iron-containing
(FexSy,
FexOy-FexOyHz),
carbonate-,
sulfate-based
scales
BaSO4,
SrSO4,
CaCO3)
are
primary
precipitates
that
have
disruptive
effects
during
PWRI
scheme,
especially
reservoirs
suffering
from
microbial
souring
activities.
In
this
work,
we
first
screened
mineral
form
under
relevant
conditions
using
composition
seawater
samples
Danish
North
Sea.
Subsequently,
assessed
efficiency
commercial
scale
inhibitor
against
scaling
targeted
phases
series
batch
experiments,
followed
by
development
model
simulate
its
inhibitory
performance.
To
reduce
precipitation
or
deposition
different
minerals
injection
applications,
evaluated
combined
effect
adding
other
chemicals
(i.e.,
acid,
oxidizer,
chelating
agent)
along
with
inhibitor.
do
this,
described
mineral-aqueous
interactions
(dissolution,
precipitation,
solution
complexation)
PHREEQC.
predictive
represents
time-
resource-intensive
experiments
aid
achieving
optimized
chemical
recipes
required
mitigate
systems
various
physiochemical
conditions.
work
more
efficient
strategies
managing
water,
ultimately
helping
environmental
impacts
hydrocarbon
production.
Processes,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. 738 - 738
Published: April 11, 2022
Oil–water
emulsions
are
widely
generated
in
industries,
which
may
facilitate
some
processes
(e.g.,
transportation
of
heavy
oil,
storage
milk,
synthesis
chemicals
or
materials,
etc.)
lead
to
serious
upgrading
environmental
issues
pipeline
plugging,
corrosions
equipment,
water
pollution,
soil
etc.).
Herein,
the
sources,
classification,
formation,
stabilization,
and
separation
oil–water
systematically
summarized.
The
roles
different
interfacially
active
materials–especially
fine
particles–in
stabilizing
have
been
discussed.
advanced
development
micro
force
measurement
technologies
for
emulsion
investigation
has
also
presented.
To
provide
insights
future
industrial
application,
by
methods
summarized,
as
well
introduction
equipment
combined
processes.
gaps
between
demulsification
applications
touched
upon.
Finally,
perspectives
treatment
technology
discussed
purpose
achieving
high-efficiency,
energy-saving,
multi-functional
treatment.
We
hope
this
review
could
bring
forward
challenges
opportunities
research
fields
petroleum
production,
coal
iron
making,
protection,
etc.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. e14908 - e14908
Published: March 28, 2023
Water
scarcity
has
been
a
global
challenge
for
many
countries
over
the
past
decades,
and
as
result,
reverse
osmosis
(RO)
emerged
promising
cost-effective
tool
water
desalination
wastewater
remediation.
Currently,
RO
accounts
>65%
of
worldwide
capacity;
however,
membrane
fouling
is
major
issue
in
processes.
Fouling
reduces
membrane's
lifespan
permeability,
while
also
increases
operating
pressure
chemical
cleaning
frequency.
Overall,
quality
quantity
desalinated
water,
thus
hinders
sustainable
application
membranes
by
disturbing
its
efficacy
economic
aspects.
arises
from
various
physicochemical
interactions
between
pollutants
materials
leading
to
foulants'
accumulation
onto
surfaces
and/or
inside
pores.
The
current
review
illustrates
main
types
particulates,
organic,
inorganic
biological
foulants,
along
with
factors
affecting
formation
development.
Moreover,
currently
used
monitoring
methods,
characterization
techniques
potential
mitigation
strategies
are
reviewed.
Further,
still-faced
challenges
future
research
on
addressed.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
34(12), P. 15579 - 15592
Published: Dec. 3, 2020
Produced
water
is
a
major
byproduct
in
oil
production
and
the
largest
waste
stream
generated
petroleum
industry.
At
Norwegian
Continental
Shelf,
produced
still
mostly
discharged
to
sea,
but
some
installations
re-inject
into
reservoir
for
pressure
support
or
disposal.
Gas
flotation
separation
technology
widely
used
both
onshore
offshore
that
generally
reduces
concentration
<25
ppmv.
It
also
promising
subsea
treatment.
The
aim
of
this
review
give
an
overview
provide
link
between
industrial
use
fundamental
aspects
gas
flotation.
analysis
examines
development
design
technologies:
induced,
dissolved,
compact
units.
Several
are
discussed.
dedicated
fluid
dynamics
bubble–droplet
collisions
phenomena
involved
after
their
encounter,
i.e.,
film
drainage,
forces
process,
spreading
on
surface
bubbles.
Moreover,
detailed
parameters
can
affect
flotation,
like
bubble
droplet
sizes,
droplet–bubble
attachment
mechanisms,
interfacial
properties,
composition,
pressure,
temperature,
provided.
Encyclopedia,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
2(2), P. 778 - 839
Published: April 18, 2022
Formulation
is
an
ancient
concept,
although
the
word
has
been
used
only
recently.
The
first
formulations
made
our
civilization
advance
by
inventing
bronze,
steel,
and
gunpowder;
then,
it
was
in
medieval
alchemy.
When
chemistry
became
a
science
with
golden
age
of
organic
synthesis,
second
formulation
period
began.
This
possible
to
create
new
chemical
species
combinations
“à
la
carte.”
However,
research
developments
were
still
carried
out
trial
error.
Finally,
third
history
began
after
World
War
II,
when
properties
system
associated
its
ingredients
way
they
assembled
or
combined.
Therefore,
systems’
phenomenology
related
generation
some
synergy
obtain
commercial
product.
Winsor’s
studies
1950s
enlightening
for
academy
industries
that
studying
empirically
surfactant-oil-water
(SOW)
systems.
One
key
characteristics
how
interfacial
interaction
adsorbed
surfactant
oil
water
phases
could
be
equal
varying
physicochemical
system.
Then,
Hansen’s
solubility
parameter
1960s
helped
reach
further
understanding
affinity
substances
make
them
suitable
phases.
In
1970s,
researchers
such
as
Shinoda
Kunieda,
different
groups
working
Enhanced
Oil
Recovery
(EOR),
among
Schechter
Wade’s
group
at
University
Texas,
become
using
semiempirical
correlations
attain
specific
(e.g.,
low
oil-water
tension,
stable
O/W
W/O
emulsion,
high-performance
solubilization
bicontinuous
microemulsion
so-called
optimum
formulation).
Nowadays,
over
40
years
hydrophilic-lipophilic
deviation
equation
(HLD)
have
feasible
formulators
improve
products
many
applications
surfactants
target
HLD
original
normalized
form,
i.e.,
HLDN.
Thus,
can
said
there
current
progress
being
towards
interdisciplinary
applied
numerical
guidelines.
present
work,
state-of-the-art
multiphase
systems
containing
two
immiscible
like
water,
therefore
heterogeneous
micro-heterogeneous
interfaces,
discussed.
Surfactants,
from
simple
complex
polymeric,
are
generally
solve
wide
variety
problems
areas.
Some
significant
cases
presented
here
examples
dealing
petroleum,
foods,
pharmaceutics,
cosmetics,
detergency,
other
occurring
dispersions,
emulsions,
foams
we
find
everyday
lives.