Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
176, P. 116938 - 116938
Published: June 14, 2024
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
serious
and
disabling
central
nervous
system
injury.
Its
complex
pathological
mechanism
can
lead
to
sensory
motor
dysfunction.
It
has
been
reported
that
signaling
pathway
plays
key
role
in
the
process
neuronal
recovery
of
SCI.
Such
as
PI3K/Akt,
MAPK,
NF-κB,
Wnt/β-catenin
pathways.
According
reports,
various
stimuli
cytokines
activate
these
pathways
related
SCI
pathology,
thereby
participating
regulation
processes
such
inflammation
response,
cell
apoptosis,
oxidative
stress,
glial
scar
formation
after
Activation
or
inhibition
relevant
delay
inflammatory
reduce
prevent
formation,
improve
microenvironment
SCI,
promote
neural
function
recovery.
Based
on
they
may
be
potential
targets
for
treatment
Therefore,
understanding
its
inhibitors
beneficial
development
therapeutic
new
drugs.
This
paper
mainly
summarizes
pathophysiological
involved
pathogenesis,
specific
inhibitors/activators
treatment.
In
addition,
this
review
also
discusses
deficiencies
defects
research.
hoped
study
provide
reference
future
research
pathogenesis
theoretical
basis
biotherapy.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
150, P. 113074 - 113074
Published: May 5, 2022
Methotrexate
(MTX)
has
been
used
for
the
treatment
of
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
about
forty
years
and
to
date
MTX
remains
part
global
standard
RA.
The
efficacy
in
RA
is
result
multiple
mechanisms
action.
In
order
summarize
possible
pharmacological
RA,
this
review
will
elaborate
on
folate
antagonism,
promotion
adenosine
accumulation,
regulation
inflammatory
signaling
pathways,
bone
protection
maintenance
immune
system
function.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(3)
Published: March 1, 2024
Abstract
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disease
characterized
by
the
unresolved
synovial
inflammation
for
tissues‐destructive
consequence,
which
remains
one
of
significant
causes
disability
and
labor
loss,
affecting
about
0.2–1%
global
population.
Although
treatments
with
disease‐modifying
antirheumatic
drugs
(DMARDs)
are
effective
to
control
decrease
bone
destruction,
overall
remission
rates
RA
still
stay
at
low
level.
Therefore,
uncovering
pathogenesis
expediting
clinical
transformation
imminently
in
need.
Here,
we
summarize
immunological
basis,
inflammatory
pathways,
genetic
epigenetic
alterations,
metabolic
disorders
RA,
highlights
on
abnormality
immune
cells
atlas,
epigenetics,
immunometabolism.
Besides
an
overview
first‐line
medications
including
conventional
DMARDs,
biologics,
small
molecule
agents,
discuss
depth
promising
targeted
therapies
under
or
preclinical
trials,
especially
regulators.
Additionally,
prospects
precision
medicine
based
biopsy
RNA‐sequencing
cell
mesenchymal
stem
chimeric
antigen
receptor
T‐cell
also
looked
forward.
The
advancements
innovations
accelerates
progress
treatments.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA),
a
form
of
autoimmune
inflammation,
is
marked
by
enduring
synovial
inflammation
and
the
subsequent
impairment
joint
function.
Despite
availability
conventional
treatments,
they
are
often
marred
significant
side
effects
associated
high
costs.
Plant-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(PEVs)
offer
compelling
alternative,
owing
to
their
abundant
availability,
affordability,
low
immunogenicity,
biocompatibility,
feasibility
for
large-scale
production.
These
enhance
intercellular
communication
transferring
intrinsic
bioactive
molecules.
In
our
research,
we
delve
into
capacity
PEVs
treat
RA,
highlighting
role
ginger-derived
(GDEVs).
By
conjugating
GDEVs
with
folic
acid
(FA),
have
developed
FA-GDEVs
that
maintain
inherent
immunomodulatory
properties.
designed
selectively
target
M1
macrophages
in
inflamed
joints
via
folate
receptors
(FRs).
Our
vitro
findings
indicate
promote
polarization
towards
reparative
M2
macrophage
phenotype
modulating
PI3K-AKT
pathway.
Further
corroboration
comes
from
vivo
studies,
which
demonstrate
not
only
concentrate
efficiently
affected
but
also
markedly
reduce
manifestations
RA.
Synthesizing
these
findings,
it
evident
emerge
as
hopeful
candidate
RA
treatment,
offering
benefits
such
safety,
therapeutic
efficacy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Aug. 1, 2022
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
an
autoimmune
disease
involving
joints,
with
clinical
manifestations
of
joint
inflammation,
bone
damage
and
cartilage
destruction,
dysfunction
deformity,
extra-articular
organ
damage.
As
important
source
new
drug
molecules,
natural
medicines
have
many
advantages,
such
as
a
wide
range
biological
effects
small
toxic
side
effects.
They
become
hot
spot
for
the
vast
number
researchers
to
study
various
diseases
develop
therapeutic
drugs.
In
recent
years,
research
in
treatment
RA
has
made
remarkable
achievements.
These
mainly
include
flavonoids,
polyphenols,
alkaloids,
glycosides
terpenes.
Among
them,
resveratrol,
icariin,
epigallocatechin-3-gallate,
ginsenoside,
sinomenine,
paeoniflorin,
triptolide
paeoniflorin
are
star
RA.
Its
mechanism
treating
involves
these
aspects:
anti-inflammation,
anti-oxidation,
immune
regulation,
pro-apoptosis,
inhibition
angiogenesis,
osteoclastogenesis,
fibroblast-like
synovial
cell
proliferation,
migration
invasion.
This
review
summarizes
potential
on
briefly
discusses
their
mechanisms
action
against
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(12), P. 9841 - 9841
Published: June 7, 2023
Collagens
serve
essential
mechanical
functions
throughout
the
body,
particularly
in
connective
tissues.
In
articular
cartilage,
collagens
provide
most
of
biomechanical
properties
extracellular
matrix
for
its
function.
Collagen
plays
a
very
important
role
maintaining
cartilage
and
stability
ECM.
Noteworthily,
many
pathogenic
factors
course
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid
arthritis,
such
as
injury,
inflammation,
senescence,
are
involved
irreversible
degradation
collagen,
leading
to
progressive
destruction
cartilage.
The
collagen
can
generate
new
biochemical
markers
with
ability
monitor
disease
progression
facilitate
drug
development.
addition,
also
be
used
biomaterial
excellent
low
immunogenicity,
biodegradability,
biocompatibility,
hydrophilicity.
This
review
not
only
provides
systematic
description
analyzes
structural
characteristics
mechanisms
damage
states
but
detailed
characterization
biomarkers
production
repair,
providing
ideas
techniques
clinical
diagnosis
treatment.
Aggregate,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Sept. 11, 2023
Abstract
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
debilitating
autoimmune
disease
that
causes
chronic
pain
and
serious
complications,
presenting
significant
challenge
to
treat.
Promising
approaches
for
treating
RA
involve
signaling
pathways
modulation
targeted
therapy.
To
this
end,
multifunctional
nanosystem,
TPC‐U@HAT,
has
been
designed
therapy,
featuring
multitargeting,
dual‐stimuli
response,
on‐demand
drug
release
capabilities.
TPC‐U@HAT
composed
of
probe/prodrug
TPC,
JAK1
kinase
inhibitor
upadacitinib,
the
carrier
HAT.
TPC
an
aggregation‐induced
emission
(AIE)‐active
NIR‐II
chromophore
TPY
NF‐κB/NLRP3
caffeic
acid
phenethyl
ester
(CAPE),
connected
via
boronic
bond
which
serves
as
reactive‐oxygen‐species‐responsive
linker.
The
carrier,
HAT,
created
by
grafting
bone‐targeting
alendronate
hydrophobic
tocopheryl
succinate
onto
hyaluronic
chains,
can
encapsulate
upadacitinib
form
TPC‐U@HAT.
Upon
intravenous
injection
into
mice,
accumulates
at
inflamed
lesions
through
both
active
passive
targeting,
overexpressed
hyaluronidase
H
2
O
therein
cleave
polymer
chains
boronate
bonds,
respectively.
This
generates
AIE‐active
detection
therapeutic
evaluation
optoacoustic
imaging
fluorescent
concomitantly
releases
CAPE
exert
efficacious
therapy
inhibiting
JAK‐STAT
pathways.
Phytotherapy Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
37(12), P. 5700 - 5723
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Abstract
Galangin
is
an
important
flavonoid
with
natural
activity,
that
abundant
in
galangal
and
propolis.
Currently,
various
biological
activities
of
galangin
have
been
disclosed,
including
anti‐inflammation,
antibacterial
effect,
anti‐oxidative
stress
aging,
anti‐fibrosis,
antihypertensive
effect.
Based
on
the
above
bioactivities,
more
attention
has
paid
to
role
neurodegenerative
diseases,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
osteoarthritis,
osteoporosis,
skin
cancer.
In
this
paper,
sources,
pharmacokinetics,
therapeutic
potential
against
diseases
were
systematically
reviewed
by
collecting
summarizing
relevant
literature.
addition,
molecular
mechanism
new
preparation
treatment
related
are
also
discussed,
broaden
application
prospect
provide
reference
for
its
clinical
application.
Furthermore,
it
should
be
noted
current
toxicity
studies
insufficient,
evidence
needed
support
possibility
as
a
functional
food.
Arthritis Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(1)
Published: June 15, 2024
Janus
kinase
(JAK)
inhibitors,
such
as
baricitinib,
are
widely
used
to
treat
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA).
Clinical
studies
show
that
baricitinib
is
more
effective
at
reducing
pain
than
other
similar
drugs.
Here,
we
aimed
elucidate
the
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
relief
conferred
by
using
a
mouse
model
of
arthritis.
