Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 594 - 609

Published: May 11, 2020

Abstract Physical activity decreases the risk of a network diseases, and exercise may be prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such type 2 diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular cancer. During past couple decades, it has been apparent that skeletal muscle works an endocrine organ, which can produce secrete hundreds myokines exert their effects in either autocrine, paracrine, or manners. Recent advances show produces response to exercise, allow crosstalk between other organs, including brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, vascular bed, skin, well communication within itself. Although only few have allocated specific function humans, identified biological roles include on, example, cognition, lipid glucose metabolism, browning white fat, bone formation, endothelial cell function, hypertrophy, skin structure, tumor growth. This suggests useful biomarkers monitoring prescription people with, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable Report on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cancer Prevention and Control

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 51(11), P. 2391 - 2402

Published: Oct. 17, 2019

The American College of Sports Medicine convened an International Multidisciplinary Roundtable on Exercise and Cancer in March 2018 to evaluate translate the evidence linking physical activity cancer prevention, treatment, control. This article discusses findings from relation biologic epidemiologic for role prevention survival.The supports that there are a number biologically plausible mechanisms, whereby can influence risk, is beneficial several types including breast, colon, endometrial, kidney, bladder, esophageal, stomach. Minimizing time spent sedentary behavior may also lower risk colon lung cancers. Conversely, associated with higher melanoma, serious form skin cancer. Further, before after diagnosis likely be relevant improved survival those diagnosed breast cancer; data suggesting postdiagnosis provides greater mortality benefits than prediagnosis activity.Collectively, consistent, compelling plays preventing many improving longevity among survivors, although related melanoma demonstrates importance sun safe practices while being physically active. Together, these underscore Fitness public health professionals care providers worldwide encouraged spread message general population survivors active as their age, abilities, status will allow.

Language: Английский

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American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(4), P. 245 - 271

Published: June 9, 2020

Abstract The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, community strategies and, ultimately, affect dietary physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, reflects most current scientific evidence related risk. ACS focuses on recommendations individual choices regarding diet patterns, but those occur within context that either facilitates or creates barriers healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents action accompany 4 reduce These recognize supportive social environment indispensable if individuals at all levels society are have genuine opportunities choose 2020 consistent with guidelines from Heart Association Diabetes prevention coronary heart disease diabetes well general health promotion, defined 2015 Dietary Guidelines Americans 2018

Language: Английский

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Physical activity and muscle–brain crosstalk

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 383 - 392

Published: March 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe?

Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 415 - 425

Published: May 4, 2020

The first report demonstrating that prolonged endurance exercise promotes oxidative stress in humans was published more than 4 decades ago. Since this discovery, many ensuing investigations have corroborated the fact muscular increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results numerous tissues including blood skeletal muscles. Although several may contribute to exercise-induced ROS production, it is predicted contractions stimulate active muscle fibers a primary source during exercise. This contraction-induced generation associated with (1) oxidant damage (e.g., increased protein oxidation lipid peroxidation), (2) accelerated fatigue, (3) activation biochemical signaling pathways adaptation contracting fibers. While our understanding has advanced rapidly last decades, questions remain about whether are beneficial or harmful health. review addresses issue by discussing site(s) detailing health consequences production.

Language: Английский

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Physical activity and risks of breast and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2020

Abstract Physical activity has been associated with lower risks of breast and colorectal cancer in epidemiological studies; however, it is unknown if these associations are causal or confounded. In two-sample Mendelian randomisation analyses, using summary genetic data from the UK Biobank GWA consortia, we found that a one standard deviation increment average acceleration was (odds ratio [OR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27 to 0.98, P-value = 0.04) (OR: 0.66, CI: 0.48 0.90, 0.01). We similar magnitude inverse for estrogen positive (ER +ve ) colon cancer. Our results support potentially relationship between higher physical levels Based on data, promotion probably an effective strategy primary prevention commonly diagnosed cancers.

Language: Английский

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HIFs, angiogenesis, and metabolism: elusive enemies in breast cancer

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 130(10), P. 5074 - 5087

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and the HIF-dependent cancer hallmarks angiogenesis metabolic rewiring are well-established drivers of breast aggressiveness, therapy resistance, poor prognosis. Targeting HIF its downstream targets in metabolism has been unsuccessful so far clinical setting, with major unresolved challenges residing target selection, development robust biomarkers for response prediction, understanding harnessing escape mechanisms. This Review discusses pathophysiological role HIFs, angiogenesis, targeting these features patients cancer. Rational therapeutic combinations, especially immunotherapy endocrine therapy, seem most promising exploitation intricate interplay cells tumor microenvironment.

Language: Английский

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Resistance Exercise Training as a Primary Countermeasure to Age-Related Chronic Disease

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 6, 2019

Age is a primary risk factor for number of chronic diseases including mobility disability, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer. Most physical activity guidelines emphasize the performance 150 min moderate-to-vigorous or 75 minutes vigorous aerobic exercise training (AET) weekly reduction risk. Nonetheless, there an emerging body evidence showing that resistance (RET) appears to be as effective AET in reducing several diseases. It may also RET more than some regards; converse likely true. We posit perceived divergent mode-dependent health benefits are small most cases. In this short review, our aim examine associations between (mobility T2D, CVD, cancer). postulate on how influencing it critical component healthy aging. Accumulating points potent robust preventive strategy against traditionally associated with AET, but favours countermeasure declines mobility. On basis review we propose promotion should assume prominent position particularly older persons.

Language: Английский

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Exercise Training in Cancer Control and Treatment

Comprehensive physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 165 - 205

Published: Dec. 13, 2018

ABSTRACT Exercise training is playing an increasing role in cancer care, as accumulating evidence demonstrates that exercise may prevent cancer, control disease progression, interact with anti‐cancer therapies, and improve physical functioning psychosocial outcomes. In this overview article, we present the current state of field oncology, which currently comprises nearly 700 unique intervention trials more than 50,000 patients. First, summarize range these interventions regard to diagnoses, clinical setting, timing, type intervention. Next, provide a detailed discussion 292 trials, have delivered structured programs, outlining impact on cancer‐specific, physiological, outcomes light challenges physiological limitations patients experience. summary, safety feasibility firmly established across continuum, wide beneficial effects are well documented. Many linked general health‐promoting properties exercise. However, it becoming evident can direct its treatment. This calls for future oncology initiatives, aim target cancer‐specific outcomes, integrated into concurrent trajectory. Here, must bridge extensive knowledge integrative physiology biology basis individualized targeted approaches, place component standard care. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:165‐205, 2019.

Language: Английский

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Unique Metabolic Adaptations Dictate Distal Organ-Specific Metastatic Colonization

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 347 - 354

Published: March 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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