International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines

The journal of nutrition health & aging, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 824 - 853

Published: July 1, 2021

The human ageing process is universal, ubiquitous and inevitable. Every physiological function being continuously diminished. There a range between two distinct phenotypes of ageing, shaped by patterns living - experiences behaviours, in particular the presence or absence physical activity (PA) structured exercise (i.e., sedentary lifestyle). Ageing lifestyle are associated with declines muscle cardiorespiratory fitness, resulting an impaired capacity to perform daily activities maintain independent functioning. However, adequate exercise/PA these changes muscular aerobic age substantially attenuated. Additionally, both overall PA play important roles as preventive strategies for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity; improvement mobility, mental health, quality life; reduction mortality, among other benefits. Notably, intervention programmes improve hallmarks frailty (low body mass, strength, level, energy) cognition, thus optimising functional during ageing. In pathological conditions used therapeutic agent follows precepts identifying cause disease then using evidence-based dose eliminate moderate disease. Prescription PA/structured should therefore be based on intended outcome (e.g., primary prevention, fitness status treatment), individualised, adjusted controlled like any medical treatment. addition, line agents, shows dose-response effect can individualised different modalities, volumes and/or intensities appropriate health state condition. Importantly, therapy often directed at several systems simultaneously, rather than targeted single generally case pharmacological approaches management. diseases which alternative treatment (such depression), contributing goal deprescribing potentially inappropriate medications (PIMS). where no effective drug currently available sarcopenia dementia), it may serve role prevention Therefore, this consensus statement provides rationale promotion older adults. Exercise prescription discussed terms specific modalities doses that have been studied randomised trials their effectiveness attenuating adults disability. Recommendations proposed bridge gaps current literature optimise use preventative medicine agent.

Language: Английский

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Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 594 - 609

Published: May 11, 2020

Abstract Physical activity decreases the risk of a network diseases, and exercise may be prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such type 2 diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular cancer. During past couple decades, it has been apparent that skeletal muscle works an endocrine organ, which can produce secrete hundreds myokines exert their effects in either autocrine, paracrine, or manners. Recent advances show produces response to exercise, allow crosstalk between other organs, including brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, vascular bed, skin, well communication within itself. Although only few have allocated specific function humans, identified biological roles include on, example, cognition, lipid glucose metabolism, browning white fat, bone formation, endothelial cell function, hypertrophy, skin structure, tumor growth. This suggests useful biomarkers monitoring prescription people with, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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Brain energy rescue: an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 609 - 633

Published: July 24, 2020

Language: Английский

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Exercise-induced immune system response: Anti-inflammatory status on peripheral and central organs

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1866(10), P. 165823 - 165823

Published: April 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Pathogenesis and Novel Management Strategies

Clinical Medicine Insights Reproductive Health, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female condition typified by reproductive, hyperandrogenic, and metabolic features. genetic condition, exacerbated obesity. There close link between obesity PCOS based on epidemiological data, more recently corroborated through studies. are many mechanisms mediating the effects of weight-gain development PCOS. The insulin resistance steroidogenic reproductive hyperinsulinaemia important mechanisms. Adipokine production subcutaneous visceral fat appears to play part in function. However, given complexity pathogenesis, it also consider possible further weight-gain, or at least hampering attempts weight-loss maintenance lifestyle changes. Possible mediators these include changes energy expenditure, mental ill health, physical inactivity. In this brief review, we discuss main that underlie association PCOS, from divergent perspectives contributing vice versa. We novel management options for women with

Language: Английский

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Exercise as Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis—Time for a Paradigm Shift: Preventive, Symptomatic, and Disease-Modifying Aspects and Perspectives

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1899 - 1899

Published: June 26, 2020

Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution energy substrates, optimization global expenditure, enhancement hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety decreased systemic inflammation insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, osteokines, immune cytokines adipokines are hypothesized to play important role the body’s response exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview these novel molecular players mechanisms involved metabolic fuel during after exercise, weight reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain potential namely such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, myostatin, particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, follistatin. We also describe function specifically osteocalcin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin. emphasize pleiotropic mechanisms, pathways, inter-organ crosstalk mass loss, inflammation, healthy induced by

Language: Английский

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Treatment Options for Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 612 - 612

Published: April 20, 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) usually presents in older adults and typically has both motor non-motor dysfunctions. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from dopaminergic neuronal cell loss the mid-brain substantia nigra pars compacta region. Outlined here an integrative medicine health strategy that highlights five treatment options for people with (PwP): rehabilitate, therapy, restorative, maintenance, surgery. Rehabilitating begins following diagnosis throughout any additional processes, especially vis-à-vis consulting physical, occupational, and/or speech pathology therapist(s). Therapy uses daily administration of either dopamine precursor levodopa (with carbidopa) or agonist, compounds preserve residual dopamine, other specific motor/non-motor-related compounds. Restorative strenuous aerobic exercise programs can be neuroprotective. Maintenance complementary alternative substances potentially support protect brain microenvironment. Finally, surgery, including deep stimulation, pursued when PwP fail to respond positively options. There currently no cure PD. In conclusion, best treating hope slow progression strive achieve stability neuroprotection. The ultimate goal management program improve quality-of-life person disease.

Language: Английский

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Progress and Challenges in the Biology of FNDC5 and Irisin

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(4), P. 436 - 456

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

In 2002, a transmembrane protein-now known as FNDC5-was discovered and shown to be expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, brain. It was virtually ignored for 10 years, until study 2012 proposed that, response exercise, the ectodomain of muscle FNDC5 cleaved, traveled white adipose tissue, induced browning. The wasted energy this browning raised possibility that myokine, named irisin, might mediate some beneficial effects exercise. Since then, more than 1000 papers have been published exploring roles irisin. A major interest has on tissue metabolism, following up proposal from 2012. Many studies correlating plasma irisin levels with physiological conditions questioned using flawed assays concentration. However, experiments altering by injecting recombinant or gene knockout are promising. Recent discoveries suggested potential bone remodeling brain, potentially related Alzheimer's disease. We discuss discrepancies between research groups mechanisms yet determined. Some important questions initial discovery such role mutant start codon human mechanism cleavage, remain answered. Apart these specific questions, promising new tool developed-mice global tissue-specific FNDC5. review, we critically examine current knowledge delineate solutions resolve existing ambiguities.

Language: Английский

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Osteocrin attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: July 1, 2020

Abstract Background Inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis contribute to the evolution of doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity. Osteocrin (OSTN) is a novel secretory peptide mainly derived from bone skeletal muscle, plays critical roles in regulating growth physical endurance. Inspiringly, OSTN was also reported be abundant myocardium that functioned as therapeutic agent against cardiac rupture congestive heart failure mice after myocardial infarction. Herein, we investigated role potential mechanism DOX‐induced Methods Cardiac‐restrict overexpression performed by intravenous injection cardiotropic AAV9 vector, subsequently received 15 mg/kg DOX (i.p., once) induce acute injury. Besides, H9C2 cell lines were used assess possible vitro incubating with recombinant human or small interfering RNA Ostn (si ). To clarify involvement protein kinase G (PKG), KT5823 si Pkg vivo vitro. Mice administrated intraperitoneally 5 weekly for consecutive 3 weeks at cumulative dose mimic cardiotoxic effects upon chronic exposure. Results treatment notably attenuated, whereas silence exacerbated inflammation, cardiomyocyte DOX‐treated cells. cardiac‐restrict OSTN‐overexpressed showed an alleviated injury malfunction injection. Mechanistically, found activated PKG, while PKG inhibition abrogated beneficial effect As expected, improved function survival rate treatment. Conclusions protects DOX‐elicited apoptosis, dysfunction via activating gene therapy provides strategy

Language: Английский

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