Peptide-Based Supramolecular Systems Chemistry

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(22), P. 13869 - 13914

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Peptide-based supramolecular systems chemistry seeks to mimic the ability of life forms use conserved sets building blocks and chemical reactions achieve a bewildering array functions. Building on design principles for short peptide-based nanomaterials with properties, such as self-assembly, recognition, catalysis, actuation, are increasingly available. is starting address far greater challenge systems-level access complex functions that emerge when multiple interactions coordinated integrated. We discuss key features relevant design, including regulating order disorder, development active adaptive by considering kinetic thermodynamic aspects combinatorial dynamic covalent noncovalent interactions. Finally, we how structural concepts, preorganization induced fit, critical develop materials tunable photonic, electronic, catalytic properties. highlight examples where combined, resulting in display properties cannot be achieved without this level integration.

Language: Английский

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Phase Transitions of Associative Biomacromolecules

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(14), P. 8945 - 8987

Published: March 7, 2023

Multivalent proteins and nucleic acids, collectively referred to as multivalent associative biomacromolecules, provide the driving forces for formation compositional regulation of biomolecular condensates. Here, we review key concepts phase transitions aqueous solutions specifically that include folded domains intrinsically disordered regions. The these systems come under rubric coupled segregative transitions. underlying processes are presented, their relevance condensates is discussed.

Language: Английский

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Synthetic Cells: From Simple Bio‐Inspired Modules to Sophisticated Integrated Systems

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 61(16)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Bottom-up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic structure and function living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools chemistry, materials science, biochemistry to develop functional structural blocks construct cell-like systems. The many strategies have been developed in recent decades enabled scientists engineer organelles essential functions behaviors natural cells. Examples include can synthesize their own ATP using light, maintain metabolic reactions through enzymatic networks, perform gene replication, even grow divide. In this Review, we discuss developments design construction bottom-up approach. Our goal present representative increasing complexity as well for solving distinct challenges biology.

Language: Английский

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Engineered Living Materials For Sustainability

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 123(5), P. 2349 - 2419

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of materials, namely engineered living (ELMs), which are composed matter or cell communities embedded self-regenerating matrices their own artificial scaffolds. Like natural such as bone, wood, skin, ELMs, possess the functional capabilities organisms, can grow, self-organize, self-repair when needed. They also spontaneously perform programmed biological functions upon sensing external cues. Currently, ELMs show promise for green energy production, bioremediation, disease treatment, fabricating advanced smart materials. This review first introduces dynamic features systems potential developing novel We then summarize recent research progress on emerging design strategies from both perspectives. Finally, we discuss positive impacts promoting sustainability key future directions.

Language: Английский

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Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Small, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(18)

Published: March 23, 2022

Abstract The origin of life is still one humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates abiotic gain structure functions necessary to fulfill criteria life. Research addressing protocells as a central element in this diverse increasingly interdisciplinary. authors review current protocell concepts research directions, address milestones, challenges existing hypotheses context conditions on early Earth, provide concise overview methods.

Language: Английский

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Fixation can change the appearance of phase separation in living cells

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 29, 2022

Fixing cells with paraformaldehyde (PFA) is an essential step in numerous biological techniques as it thought to preserve a snapshot of biomolecular transactions living cells. Fixed-cell imaging such immunofluorescence have been widely used detect liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) vivo. Here, we compared images, before and after fixation, expressing intrinsically disordered proteins that are able undergo LLPS. Surprisingly, found PFA fixation can both enhance diminish putative LLPS behaviors. For specific proteins, even cause their droplet-like puncta artificially appear do not any detectable the live condition. presence glycine, molecule modulates rates, reverse effect from enhancing diminishing appearance. We further established kinetic model context dynamic protein–protein interactions. Simulations based on suggest protein localization fixed depends intricate balance interaction dynamics, overall rate notably, difference between rates different proteins. Consistent simulations, live-cell single-molecule experiments showed fast relative dynamics minimize artifacts. Our work reveals changes appearance cells, presents caveat studying using fixation-based methods, suggests mechanism underlying artifact.

Language: Английский

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Phase-specific RNA accumulation and duplex thermodynamics in multiphase coacervate models for membraneless organelles

Nature Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1110 - 1117

Published: June 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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Endocytosis of Coacervates into Liposomes

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(30), P. 13451 - 13455

Published: July 25, 2022

Recent studies have shown that the interactions between condensates and biological membranes are of functional importance. Here, we study how interaction complex coacervates liposomes as model systems can lead to wetting, membrane deformation, endocytosis. Depending on strength liposomes, wetting behavior ranged from nonwetting engulfment (endocytosis) complete wetting. Endocytosis was found be a general phenomenon: made wide range components could taken up by liposomes. A simple theory taking into account surface energies coacervate sizes explain observed morphologies. Our findings help better understand condensate-membrane in cellular provide new avenues for intracellular delivery using coacervates.

Language: Английский

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Membranized Coacervate Microdroplets: from Versatile Protocell Models to Cytomimetic Materials

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 297 - 307

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

ConspectusAlthough complex coacervate microdroplets derived from associative phase separation of counter-charged electrolytes have emerged as a broad platform for the bottom-up construction membraneless, molecularly crowded protocells, absence an enclosing membrane limits more sophisticated artificial cells and their use functional cytomimetic materials. To address this problem, we others recently developed chemical-based strategies membranization preformed microdroplets. In Account, review our recent work on diverse systems using range building blocks assembly processes. First, briefly introduce unusual nature coacervate/water interface, emphasizing ultralow interfacial tension width physiochemical properties that require special attention in judicious design membranized Second, classify into two different approaches: (i) self-assembly by surface-active such molecular amphiphiles (fatty acids, phospholipids, block copolymers, protein–polymer conjugates) or nano- microscale objects (liposomes, nanoparticle surfactants, cell fragments, living cells) with appropriate wettability; (ii) droplet-to-vesicle reconfiguration employing auxiliary surface reconstruction agents triggering endogenous transitions (self-membranization) under nonstoichiometric (charge mismatched) conditions. We then discuss key behaviors coacervate-based model protocells. Customizable permeability is achieved synergistic effects operating between interior surrounding membrane. contrast, metabolic-like reactivity, diffusive chemical signaling, collective operations occur specifically protocell networks comprising populations each case, these can give rise to materials capable promising cell-like applications. For example, immobilizing spatially segregated enzyme-loaded phospholipid-coated protocells concentrically tubular hydrogels delivers prototissue-like bulk generate nitric oxide vitro, enabling platelet deactivation inhibition blood clot formation. Alternatively, therapeutic vivo vasoactivity, high hemocompatibility, increased circulation times are constructed spontaneous hemoglobin-containing cell-membrane fragments Higher-order endocytosis nanoparticle-caged hosts selectively actively capture guest responses exogenous stimuli via enzyme-mediated reactions. Finally, current limitations programming microdroplets, which may help guide future directions emerging research area. Taken together, hope Account will inspire new advances promote application development integrated models

Language: Английский

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New insights into protein–polysaccharide complex coacervation: Dynamics, molecular parameters, and applications

Aggregate, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

Abstract For more than a decade, the discovery of liquid–liquid phase separation within living organisms has prompted colloid scientists to understand connection between coacervate functionality, behavior, and dynamics at multidisciplinary level. Although protein–polysaccharide was first system in which coacervation phenomenon discovered is widely used food systems, state relaxation complex coacervates (PPCC) have rarely been discussed previously. Consequently, this review aims unravel relationship PPCC dynamics, thermodynamics, molecular architecture, applications, states past studies. Looking ahead, solving way architecture spreads macro‐functionality, that is, establishing architecture–dynamics–application, will catalyze novel advancements research field foods biomaterials.

Language: Английский

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