Exploring the Gut Microbiota: Key Insights into Its Role in Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 109(11), P. 2709 - 2719

Published: July 23, 2024

Abstract The gut microbiota (GM), comprising trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract, is a key player development obesity and related metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), syndrome (MS), cardiovascular diseases. This mini-review delves into intricate roles mechanisms GM these conditions, offering insights potential therapeutic strategies targeting microbiota. review elucidates diversity human GM, highlighting its pivotal functions host physiology, including nutrient absorption, immune regulation, energy metabolism. Studies show that dysbiosis linked to increased extraction, altered pathways, inflammation, contributing obesity, MS, T2D. interplay between dietary habits composition explored, underscoring influence diet on microbial functions. Additionally, addresses impact common medications interventions like fecal transplantation composition. evidence so far advocates for further research delineate modulation mitigating diseases, emphasizing necessity clinical trials establish effective sustainable treatment protocols.

Language: Английский

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Achieving healthy aging through gut microbiota-directed dietary intervention: Focusing on microbial biomarkers and host mechanisms

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Population aging has become a primary global public health issue, and the prevention of age-associated diseases prolonging healthy life expectancies are particular importance. Gut microbiota emerged as novel target in various host physiological disorders including aging. Comprehensive understanding on changes gut during aging, characteristics centenarians, can provide us possibility to achieving or intervene pathological through microbiota-directed strategies. This review aims summarize associated with explore potential biomarkers address microbiota-associated mechanisms focusing intestinal barrier immune status. By summarizing existing effective dietary strategies interventions, probability developing diet targeting future is provided. focused three key notions: Firstly, new for regulating status lifespan, its closely related age. Thus, we summarized aging-associated features at levels genus/species important metabolites comparing differences among elderly people younger people. Secondly, exploring discussing using regime/components targeted aging-related promote human lifespan. Thirdly, intervention effectively improve imbalance such probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, but their effects vary among.

Language: Английский

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HMOs Exert Marked Bifidogenic Effects on Children’s Gut Microbiota Ex Vivo, Due to Age-Related Bifidobacterium Species Composition

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1701 - 1701

Published: March 30, 2023

Prebiotics are substrates that selectively utilized by host microorganisms, thus conferring a health benefit. There is growing awareness interpersonal and age-dependent differences in gut microbiota composition impact prebiotic effects. Due to the interest using human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) beyond infancy, this study evaluated how HMOs [2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL), 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL)] blends thereof affect of 6-year-old children (

Language: Английский

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Diet and gut microbiome: impact of each factor and mutual interactions on prevention and treatment of type 2, type 1, and gestational diabetes

Human Nutrition & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 200286 - 200286

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Genetically Engineered Bacteria as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy Against Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

ABSTRACT As a significant cause of global mortality, the cancer has also economic impacts. In era therapy, mitigating side effects and costs overcoming drug resistance is crucial. Microbial species can grow inside tumor microenvironment inhibit growth through direct killing cells immunoregulatory effects. Although microbiota or their products have demonstrated anticancer effects, possibility acting as pathogens exerting in certain individuals risk. Hence, several genetically modified/engineered bacteria (GEB) been developed to this aim with ability diagnosing selective targeting destruction cancers. Additionally, GEB are expected be considerably more efficient, safer, permeable, less costly, invasive theranostic approaches compared wild types. Potential strains such Escherichia coli (Nissle 1917, MG1655), Salmonella typhimurium YB1 SL7207 ( aroA gene deletion), VNP20009 (∆msbB/∆purI) ΔppGpp (P Tet P BAD ), Listeria monocytogenes Lm at ‐LLO combat cells. When used tandem conventional treatments, substantially improve efficacy therapy outcomes. addition, public acceptance, optimal timing (s), duration dose identification, interactions other host cells, efficacy, safety quality, potential risks ethical dilemmas include major challenges.

Language: Английский

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The pectin metabolizing capacity of the human gut microbiota

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 23

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

The human gastrointestinal microbiota, densely populated with a diverse array of microorganisms primarily from the bacterial phyla Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Actinomycetota, is crucial for maintaining health physiological functions. Dietary fibers, particularly pectin, significantly influence composition metabolic activity gut microbiome. Pectin fermented by bacteria using carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), resulting in production short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, which provide various benefits. microbiota has evolved to produce CAZymes that target different pectin components, facilitating cross-feeding within microbial community. This review explores fermentation bacteria, focusing on involved transport systems, CAZyme families, SCFA synthesis capacity, effects ecology gut. It addresses complexities microbiome's response highlights importance balanced ecosystem. Through systematic analysis pectinolytic production, this provides insights into enzymatic mechanisms underlying degradation their broader implications health, paving way more targeted personalized dietary strategies.

Language: Английский

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Rethinking the classification of non‐digestible carbohydrates: Perspectives from the gut microbiome

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(6)

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

Abstract Clarification is required when the term “carbohydrate” used interchangeably with “saccharide” and “glycan.” Carbohydrate classification based on human digestive enzyme activities brings clarity to energy supply function of digestible sugars starch. However, categorizing structurally diverse non‐digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) make dietary intake recommendations for health promotion remains elusive. In this review, we present a summary strengths weaknesses traditional dichotomic classifications carbohydrates, which were introduced by food chemists, nutritionists, microbiologists. parallel, discuss current consensus commonly terms NDCs such as “dietary fiber,” “prebiotics,” “fermentable glycans” highlight their inherent differences from perspectives gut microbiome. Moreover, provide historical perspective development novel concepts microbiota‐accessible microbiota‐directed fiber, targeted prebiotics, glycobiome. Crucially, these proposed multidisciplinary scholars help distinguish interactions between summary, created inability enzymes fails denote Considering that microbiome possesses sophisticated systems harvest NDCs, subclassification should be realigned metabolism various microbes, particularly health‐promoting microbes. Such rigorous categorizations facilitate microbiome‐targeted therapeutic strategies incorporating specific types NDCs.

Language: Английский

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Multi-perspective analysis of skin microbiota in elderly eczema patients

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0318240 - e0318240

Published: March 27, 2025

Eczema is a common inflammatory skin disease in elderly people. It not only causes physical damage to people but also seriously affects their mental health. The microbiota plays vital role the development of disease. However, relatively few studies have investigated characteristics eczema patients. In this study, differences composition between lesion sites and healthy sites, exposed unexposed younger were analyzed, aiming characterize patients from multiple perspectives provide basis for clinical diagnosis treatment. results indicated that species richness was greater than There no significant difference groups at phylum level. At genus level, abundance Staphylococcus significantly increased group. Compared with group, group had abundances Paracoccus , Deinococcus_B Kaistella Escherichia _710834, Chryseobacterium _796703. These findings more attention should be given roles Streptococcus because among 20 most abundant genera closely related EASI scores. Moreover, correlation analysis suggested many positive relationship . basic microbiological data physicians treating eczema.

Language: Английский

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Non-Thermal Stabilization Strategies for Rice Bran: Mechanistic Insights, Technological Advances, and Implications for Industrial Applications

Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1448 - 1448

Published: April 22, 2025

Rice bran, a major byproduct of rice processing, is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, high-quality proteins, and bioactive compounds such as γ-oryzanol ferulic acid. However, its poor storage stability susceptibility to hydrolytic oxidative rancidity critically limit industrial exploitation. Recent advances non-thermal stabilization technologies—valued for their energy efficiency, scalability, nutrient preservation—offer promising solutions. This review systematically elucidates the enzymatic microbial mechanisms driving bran rancidity, emphasizing lipase lipoxygenase activity, evaluates efficacy emerging strategies. Key findings highlight superiority methods: cold plasma reduces activity by 70% within 5 min via reactive oxygen species-induced structural disruption; ultra-high pressure preserves 95% selectively breaking hydrogen bonds enzymes; high-energy electron beam irradiation suppresses markers 45–78%; with immobilized papain achieves 78% inactivation while retaining <5% loss. Compared thermal approaches, technologies enhance retention, extending shelf-life 2–3 weeks. By addressing challenges synergy, parameter optimization, this provides actionable insights deploying green, energy-efficient strategies valorize into functional foods nutraceuticals, aligning global demands sustainable ingredient innovation.

Language: Английский

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From variability to stability: sensitivity of network properties in IBD human gut microbiome studies

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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