Groundnuts
(Arachis
hypogaea
L.)
are
produced
and
consumed
globally
due
to
their
nutritious
hardy
nature.
However,
they
vulnerable
Aspergillus
spp.
infection,
which
is
active
in
the
field
or
store
produces
aflatoxins.
Aflatoxins
quite
important
as
impact
food
safety.
Both
humans
animals
at
high
risk
of
aflatoxin
toxicity
when
exposed
contaminated
feed,
respectively.
Aflatoxin
a
major
problem
world
particularly
sub-Saharan
Africa
because
climatic
circumstances
such
drought,
floods,
extreme
temperatures.
Biological
control,
cultural
practices,
good
agronomic
proper
post-harvest
handling,
chemical
breeding
tolerant
groundnut
varieties
found
be
effective
for
prevention
management
Therefore,
there
need
increased
awareness
mitigation
practices
aflatoxins
contamination
groundnut-producing
farmers
ensure
production
availability
free
groundnuts.
Journal of Fungi,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(7), P. 766 - 766
Published: July 20, 2023
Five
Aspergillus
sections
have
members
that
are
established
agricultural
pests
and
producers
of
different
metabolites,
threatening
global
food
safety.
Most
these
pathogenic
species
been
isolated
from
almost
all
major
biomes.
The
soil
remains
the
primary
habitat
for
most
cryptic
fungi.
This
review
explored
some
ecological
attributes
contributed
immensely
to
success
pathogenicity
genus
over
time.
Hence,
virulence
factors
Aspergillus,
their
ecology
others
were
reviewed.
Furthermore,
biological
control
techniques
recommended.
Pathogenic
effects
entirely
accidental;
therefore,
evolution
prediction
model
in
such
becomes
a
challenge,
unlike
obligate
parasite
counterparts.
In
all,
differences
among
organisms
involved
both
conserved
species-specific
genetic
factors.
If
impacts
climate
change
continue,
new
will
emerge
mycotoxin
contamination
risks
increase
ecosystems,
as
can
metabolically
adjust
nutritional
biophysical
challenges.
As
gene
clusters
silent,
fungi
continue
be
source
underexplored
bioactive
compounds.
World
Soil
Charter
recognizes
relevance
biodiversity
supporting
healthy
functions.
question
how
balance
may
struck
between
toxic
field
ensure
security
is
therefore
pertinent.
Numerous
advanced
strategies
biocontrol
methods
so
far
remain
environmentally
sustainable
solution
toxigenic
field.
Food Additives & Contaminants Part A,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 19
Published: March 12, 2025
Citrus
fruits,
known
for
their
vibrant
flavours
and
health
benefits,
are
susceptible
to
fungal
attacks,
particularly
from
toxigenic
Penicillium
fungi,
which
pose
a
significant
pre-
post-harvest
hazard.
However,
aromatic
oils
nanoparticles
may
effectively
address
this
issue.
Marjoram
fennel
oils,
alongside
nanoparticles,
were
extracted,
constituents
antimicrobial
activities
evaluated.
A
simulated
medium
with
spores
was
used
assess
anti-toxigenic
activity,
infection
experiment
conducted
orange
lemon
fruits.
The
capacity
mechanisms
of
analysed
through
molecular
docking
assays
targeting
enzymes
involved
in
growth
mycotoxin
production.
exhibited
good
stability
(89.17%–92.41%)
compact
formulation
(density
0.92–0.96
g/mL).
Results
demonstrated
substantial
effectiveness
nano-emulsions
against
major
compounds
identified
as
terpinene-4-ol
(18%)
γ-terpinene
(11%)
marjoram
estragole
(38%)
anethole
(29%)
oil.
Diffusion
revealed
anti-pathogen
effects
(8.33–11
mm)
antifungal
activity
(33.33
±
2.88–89.33
1.15
nano-emulsions.
regarding
infected
fruit
reflect
spoilage
delay
without
impacting
quality
or
sensory.
interactions
between
oil
showed
strong
binding-free
energy
values,
scores
(−6.6
−7.0
kcal/mol)
constituents.
In
conclusion,
antifungals
offer
promising
strategy
controlling
Penicillium,
enhancing
the
safety
oranges
lemons,
improving
efficacy
by
significantly
reducing
mycelium
weight
spore
germination.
Toxins,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(4), P. 174 - 174
Published: April 2, 2025
Deoxynivalenol
(DON)
is
a
mycotoxin
derived
from
Fusarium
species.
It
commonly
found
in
crops
and
has
high
detection
rate
animal
feedstuffs.
We
previously
confirmed
that
apoptosis
could
be
induced
by
DON
through
the
FOXO3a
(Forkhead
box
3a)
signaling
pathway.
In
this
study,
to
identify
natural
compound
mitigate
DON-induced
via
FOXO3a,
we
performed
high-throughput
screening.
ivangustin
(IVAN)
alleviated
cytotoxicity.
also
decreased
DON-mediated
expression
levels
of
apoptosis-associated
genes
at
mRNA
level.
Furthermore,
treatment
with
IVAN
inhibited
translocating
into
nucleus.
The
results
demonstrated
mitigating
effects
on
This
study
focused
elucidating
mechanism
underlying
damage
caused
DON.
According
novel
alternatives
cytotoxicity
may
developed.
provide
fundamental
data
for
formulation
alleviation
strategies
improve
pig
productivity.
International Journal of Environmental Health Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 18
Published: April 18, 2025
Medicinal
plants
(MPs)
have
been
valued
for
their
therapeutic
properties
and
are
crucial
in
traditional
modern
medicine.
However,
contamination
with
hazardous
substances
such
as
mycotoxins
toxic
THMs
(THMs)
poses
significant
safety
concerns.
This
study
quantified
the
levels
of
ten
commonly
used
MPs
Tehran
markets,
Iran,
assessed
carcinogenic
non-carcinogenic
risks
to
ensure
consumer
safety.
A
total
210
samples
were
analyzed.
THMs,
including
arsenic
(As),
mercury
(Hg),
cadmium
(Cd),
lead
(Pb),
detected
using
atomic
absorption
spectrometry,
while
aflatoxins
(B1,
B2,
G1,
G2)
ochratoxin
(OTA)
measured
high-performance
liquid
chromatography.
Risk
assessments
Target
Hazard
Quotient
(THQ),
Index
(HI),
Incremental
Lifetime
Cancer
(ILCR),
Total
Carcinogenic
(TCR)
methodologies.
Results
revealed
variability
contaminant
(p
<
0.05).
While
heavy
metal
concentrations
within
safe
limits,
mycotoxin
exposure
posed
children,
a
THQ
exceeding
acceptable
limit.
Mycotoxin
remained
below
thresholds.
To
mitigate
risks,
storing
dry,
low-humidity
environments
is
recommended
prevent
fungal
growth
reduce
contamination,
emphasizing
need
stricter
measures.
