ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(42), P. 15376 - 15386
Published: Oct. 7, 2024
Lignin,
being
the
most
abundant
renewable
aromatic
polymer,
exhibits
immense
potential
in
sustainable
biobased
epoxy
adhesives.
However,
tedious
preparation
process
and
uncontrolled
homopolymerization
of
epoxidized
lignin
hinder
their
large-scale
production.
Herein,
we
propose
a
facile
one-step
strategy
to
synthesize
high-performance
waterborne
lignin-based
adhesive
based
on
high
selectivity
phenol-epoxy
reaction.
Owing
acidity
difference
between
phenol
aliphatic
hydroxyl,
phenolic
hydroxyl
groups
can
be
preferentially
initiated
with
groups,
which
inhibit
reaction
polyglycidol
chain
propagation.
The
resulting
nanoparticles
(ELNPs)
feature
nanoscale
(150–250
nm),
low
molecular
weight,
value
(∼3.84
mmol
g–1).
ELNP
colloidal
dispersions
possess
zeta
potentials
(−34.20
mV)
impressive
long-term
storage
stability
(temperature
=
4–60
°C,
pH
2–12).
use
cost-effective
ELNPs
as
wood
has
shown
competitive
shear
strength
∼14.89
MPa,
comparable
those
commercial
bisphenol
A
resin
phenol-formaldehyde
resin.
thermo-curing
demonstrate
excellent
chemical
solvent
resistance
thermal
(∼395
°C).
Additionally,
fabrication
demonstrates
good
scalability
(≥15
kg)
viability
(472
€/ton)
This
synthetic
provides
promising
pathway
for
producing
cost-efficient
resins
that
used
RSC Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. 37 - 90
Published: Nov. 9, 2023
This
tutorial
review
aims
at
providing
a
complete
overview
of
the
strategies
for
conversion
lignocellulose
in
current
and
future
biorefineries,
with
particular
focus
on
transformation
lignin
toward
valuable
products.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(19), P. 3964 - 3964
Published: Sept. 30, 2023
This
paper
offers
a
short
overview
of
epoxy
resins,
encompassing
their
diverse
characteristics,
variants,
chemical
modifications,
curing
processes,
and
intriguing
electrical
properties.
Epoxies,
valued
for
multifunctional
attributes,
serve
as
fundamental
materials
across
industries.
In
the
realm
dielectric
strength,
resins
play
crucial
role
in
insulation.
discusses
mechanisms
governing
breakdown,
strategies
to
enhance
impact
various
fillers
additives
on
insulation
performance.
Through
an
exploration
recent
research
advancements,
this
delves
into
spectrum
properties,
array
subspecies
adaptability,
intricacies
curing.
The
examination
resistance
conductivity,
with
focus
frequency-dependent
behavior,
forms
pivotal
aspect
discussion.
By
shedding
light
these
dimensions,
review
provides
concise
yet
holistic
understanding
epoxies
shaping
modern
science.
Journal of Composites Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7(9), P. 374 - 374
Published: Sept. 6, 2023
Epoxy
is
the
most
prevalent
thermosetting
resin
in
field
of
polymer
composite
materials.
There
has
been
a
growing
interest
development
bio-based
epoxy
resins
as
sustainable
alternative
to
conventional
petrochemical
resins.
Advances
this
recent
years
have
included
use
various
renewable
resources,
such
vegetable
oils,
lignin,
and
sugars,
direct
precursors
produce
In
meantime,
bio-oils
produced
via
decomposition
biomass
through
thermochemical
conversion
mainly
being
used
liquid
fuels.
It
noteworthy
that
can
be
resource
This
review
addresses
research
progress
producing
bio-oil-based
from
processing
techniques
including
organic
solvent
liquefaction,
fast
pyrolysis,
hydrothermal
liquefaction.
The
production
bio-oil
its
inject
sustainability
into
are
discussed.
Herein,
we
intend
provide
an
overall
picture
current
attempts
area
resins,
reveal
their
potential
for
stimulate
interests
green/renewable
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 553 - 553
Published: Feb. 18, 2024
The
demand
for
high-performance
bio-based
materials
towards
achieving
more
sustainable
manufacturing
and
circular
economy
models
is
growing
significantly.
Kraft
lignin
(KL)
an
abundant
highly
functional
aromatic/phenolic
biopolymer,
being
the
main
side
product
of
pulp
paper
industry,
as
well
recent
2nd
generation
biorefineries.
In
this
study,
KL
was
incorporated
into
a
glassy
epoxy
system
based
on
diglycidyl
ether
bisphenol
A
(DGEBA)
amine
curing
agent
(Jeffamine
D-230),
utilized
partial
replacement
DGEBA
prepolymer
or
reactive
additive.
D-230
by
pristine
(unmodified)
up
to
14
wt.%
achieved
while
KL–epoxy
composites
with
30
exhibited
similar
thermo-mechanical
properties
substantially
enhanced
antioxidant
compared
neat
polymer.
Additionally,
effect
particle
size
investigated.
Ball-milled
kraft
(BMKL,
10
μm)
nano-lignin
(NLH,
220
nm)
were,
respectively,
obtained
after
ball
milling
ultrasonication
were
studied
additives
in
same
system.
Significantly
improved
dispersion
obtained,
mainly
nano-lignin,
which
fully
transparent
lignin–epoxy
higher
tensile
strength,
storage
modulus
glass
transition
temperature,
even
at
loadings.
Lastly,
glycidylized
(GKL)
prepolymer,
38
fossil-based
DGEBA.
GKL
transparency.
All
lignins
extensively
characterized
using
NMR,
TGA,
GPC,
DLS
techniques
correlate
justify
polymer
characterization
results.
Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6, P. 100107 - 100107
Published: May 12, 2024
Lignin,
an
abundant
renewable
biopolymer
found
in
plant
cell
walls,
is
enriched
phenolic
units
within
its
complex
molecular
structure.
Unlocking
potential
as
alternative
feedstock
(bio)refining
has
posed
a
long-standing
challenge,
even
though
it
holds
immense
promise
for
replacing
fossil-derived
and
aromatic
compounds.
This
study
focuses
on
fast
pyrolysis
effective
thermochemical
depolymerization
method
of
lignin,
coupled
with
the
situ
catalytic
upgrading
aiming
to
produce
valuable
bio-oil
dealkoxylated
(alkyl)phenolic
Lignin
was
isolated
via
organosolv
process
from
beechwood
sawdust
(hardwood
biomass).
Various
acidic
aluminosilicate
catalysts
(e.g.,
zeolites,
such
ZSM-5,
Beta
USY,
amorphous
silica
alumina)
were
applied,
having
different
Si/Al
ratio,
porous
properties.
Fast
experiments
conducted
fixed-bed
bench-scale
reactor
at
two
distinct
temperatures
(500
600
°C),
employing
contact
times
lignin-to-catalyst
ratios.
Non-catalytic
revealed
that
higher
temperature,
significantly
influences
bio-oil's
composition
yield,
resulting
conversion
initially
formed
alkoxy-phenols
alkyl-phenolic
compounds,
reaching
47%
relative
concentration
oC,
while
also
yielding
high
amount
up
43
wt.%.
Among
tested,
zeolite
ZSM-5
(Si/Al=40)
proved
be
most
efficient,
shifting
chemical
profile
(mainly
BTX)
57%,
owing
unique
microporous
structure
acidity.
Depending
catalyst
type,
balance
between
BTX
monomer
aromatics
naphthalenes
observed.
well
obtained
products
(bio-oil,
non-condensable
gases,
char/coke-on-catalyst)
thoroughly
characterized
using
various
analytical
techniques.
The
results
associated
physicochemical
properties
catalysts,
providing
insights
into
underlying
reaction
mechanisms.
ChemSusChem,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(13)
Published: March 13, 2023
Sub-micro
organosolv
lignin
(OBs)
isolated
from
beechwood
biomass,
comprising
of
sub-micro
sized
particles
(570
nm)
with
low
molecular
weight
and
dispersity
relatively
high
total
phenolic
-OH
content,
is
utilized
for
the
production
bio-based
epoxy
polymer
composites.
OBs
incorporated
into
glassy
system
based
on
diglycidyl
ether
bisphenol
A
(DGEBA)
aliphatic
polyoxypropylene
α,ω-diamine
(Jeffamine
D-230),
being
both
as
a
curing
agent,
partially
replacing
D-230,
an
additive,
substituting
part
petroleum-derived
components.
Up
to
12
wt
%
replacement
D-230
by
achieved,
whereas
approximately
17
effectively
replaces
conventional
polymer.
The
incorporation
in
polymeric
matrix
achieved
without
use
any
solvent
or
previous
functionalization.
Enhanced
properties
are
obtained,
substantial
increases
tensile
strength,
strain,
stiffness,
glass
transition
temperature,
antioxidant
activity,
resistance
solvents.
