Heroes of the Engram DOI Creative Commons
Sheena A. Josselyn, Stefan Köhler, Paul W. Frankland

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 37(18), P. 4647 - 4657

Published: May 3, 2017

In 1904, Richard Semon introduced the term "engram" to describe neural substrate responsible for (or at least important in) storing and recalling memories (i.e., a memory trace). The recent introduction of vast array powerful new tools probe manipulate function cell neuronal circuit level has spurred an explosion interest in studying engram. However, present "engram renaissance" was not borne isolation but rather builds on long tradition research. We believe it is acknowledge debts our current generation scientists owes those who have offered key ideas, persevered through failed experiments made discoveries before us. Examining past can also offer fresh perspective state future promise field. Given large amount empirical advances years, seems particularly timely look back review seminal terminology, concepts, methodological approaches, initial data pertaining engrams. Rather than simply list their many accomplishments, here we color some details lives milestone contributions seven personal heroes engram (Richard Semon, Karl Lashley, Donald Hebb, Wilder Penfield, Brenda Milner, James McConnell, Thompson). reviewing historic role, illustrate how work remains relevant today's studies.

Language: Английский

Episodic Memory and Beyond: The Hippocampus and Neocortex in Transformation DOI
Morris Moscovitch, Roberto Cabeza, Gordon Winocur

et al.

Annual Review of Psychology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 105 - 134

Published: Jan. 4, 2016

The last decade has seen dramatic technological and conceptual changes in research on episodic memory the brain. New technologies, increased use of more naturalistic observations, have enabled investigators to delve deeply into structures that mediate memory, particularly hippocampus, track functional structural interactions among brain regions support it. Conceptually, is increasingly being viewed as subject lifelong transformations are reflected neural substrates In keeping with this dynamic perspective, (and hippocampus) infiltrated domains, from perception language empathy problem solving, were once considered outside its boundaries. Using component process model a framework, focusing subfields, specialization along longitudinal axis, interaction other regions, we consider these new developments their implications for organization contribution functions domains.

Language: Английский

Citations

974
Bridging Biological and Artificial Neural Networks with Emerging Neuromorphic Devices: Fundamentals, Progress, and Challenges DOI
Jianshi Tang, Fang Yuan, Xinke Shen

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(49)

Published: Sept. 24, 2019

As the research on artificial intelligence booms, there is broad interest in brain-inspired computing using novel neuromorphic devices. The potential of various emerging materials and devices for has attracted extensive efforts, leading to a large number publications. Going forward, order better emulate brain's functions, its relevant fundamentals, working mechanisms, resultant behaviors need be re-visited, understood, connected electronics. A systematic overview biological neural systems given, along with their related critical mechanisms. Recent progress reviewed and, more importantly, existing challenges are highlighted hopefully shed light future directions.

Language: Английский

Citations

622
Memory Engram Cells Have Come of Age DOI Creative Commons
Susumu Tonegawa, Xu Liu, Steve Ramirez

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 87(5), P. 918 - 931

Published: Sept. 1, 2015

Language: Английский

Citations

566
Microglia mediate forgetting via complement-dependent synaptic elimination DOI Open Access
Chao Wang, Huimin Yue,

Zhechun Hu

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 367(6478), P. 688 - 694

Published: Feb. 7, 2020

Microglia modulate memories Synaptic reorganization and circuit rewiring leads to loss or weakening of connections between neurons may result in the erasure previously formed memories. eliminate excessive synapses developing brain regulate dynamics synaptic throughout life. However, it is still unclear whether forgetting related microglia activity how memory adult brain. Wang et al. discovered that eliminated components hippocampus depleting inhibiting phagocytosis prevented forgetting. Synapse elimination by thus lead degradation engrams learned contextual fear memory. Science , this issue p. 688

Language: Английский

Citations

490
Detecting Activated Cell Populations Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq DOI Creative Commons
Ye Wu, Lin Pan, Yanning Zuo

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(2), P. 313 - 329.e6

Published: Oct. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

Citations

395
What is memory? The present state of the engram DOI Creative Commons

Mu-ming Poo,

Michele Pignatelli, Tomás J. Ryan

et al.

BMC Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 19, 2016

The mechanism of memory remains one the great unsolved problems biology. Grappling with question more than a hundred years ago, German zoologist Richard Semon formulated concept engram, lasting connections in brain that result from simultaneous “excitations”, whose precise physical nature and consequences were out reach biology his day. Neuroscientists now have knowledge tools to tackle this question, however, Forum brings together leading contemporary views on mechanisms what engram means today.

Language: Английский

Citations

351
The hippocampus and related neocortical structures in memory transformation DOI
Melanie J. Sekeres, Gordon Winocur, Morris Moscovitch

et al.

Neuroscience Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 680, P. 39 - 53

Published: May 4, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

338
Is plasticity of synapses the mechanism of long-term memory storage? DOI Creative Commons
Wickliffe C. Abraham, Owen D. Jones, David L. Glanzman

et al.

npj Science of Learning, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 2, 2019

Abstract It has been 70 years since Donald Hebb published his formalized theory of synaptic adaptation during learning. Hebb’s seminal work foreshadowed some the great neuroscientific discoveries following decades, including discovery long-term potentiation and other lasting forms plasticity, more recently residence memories in synaptically connected neuronal assemblies. Our understanding processes underlying learning memory dominated by view that synapses are principal site information storage brain. This received substantial support from research several model systems, with vast majority studies on topic corroborating a role for storage. Yet, despite neuroscience community’s best efforts, we still without conclusive proof reside at synapses. Furthermore, an increasing number non-synaptic mechanisms have emerged also capable acting as substrates. In this review, address key findings plasticity literature make these phenomena such attractive mechanisms. We then turn our attention to evidence questions reliance exclusively changes synapse attempt integrate opposing views.

Language: Английский

Citations

312
The Role of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) in Brain Plasticity and Neuropsychiatric Disorders DOI Creative Commons
Florian Duclot, Mohamed Kabbaj

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 6, 2017

It is now clearly established that complex interactions between genes and environment are involved in multiple aspects of neuropsychiatric disorders, from determining an individual's vulnerability to onset, influencing its response therapeutic intervention. In this perspective, it appears crucial better understand how the organism reacts environmental stimuli provide a coordinated adapted response. central nervous system, neuronal plasticity neurotransmission among major processes integrating such stimuli. particular, immediate early (IEGs) critical components these as they molecular framework for rapid dynamic activity while opening possibility lasting sustained adaptation through regulation expression wide range genes. As result, IEGs have been tightly associated with well variety higher order within system learning, memory sensitivity reward. The gene transcription factor growth 1 (EGR1) has thus revealed mediator regulator synaptic both physiological pathological conditions. review article, we will focus on role EGR1 system. First, summarize different factors activity. Then, analyze amount data, including genome-wide, emerged recent years describing genes, pathways biological functions regulated directly or indirectly by EGR1. We be able gain insights into mechanisms underlying EGR1's Finally, discuss illustrate states particular interest cognitive disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

303
Deep Learning: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly DOI
T. Serre

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 399 - 426

Published: Aug. 8, 2019

Artificial vision has often been described as one of the key remaining challenges to be solved before machines can act intelligently. Recent developments in a branch machine learning known deep have catalyzed impressive gains vision-giving sense that problem is getting closer being solved. The goal this review provide comprehensive overview recent and critically assess actual progress toward achieving human-level visual intelligence. I discuss implications successes limitations modern algorithms for biological prospect neuroscience inform design future artificial systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

264