The connectome of the adult Drosophila mushroom body provides insights into function

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 14, 2020

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body (MB) well positioned for developing and testing such approach due to its conserved architecture, recently completed dense connectome, extensive prior experimental studies of roles learning, memory, activity regulation. Here, we identify new components MB circuit Drosophila, including visual input output neurons (MBONs) with direct connections descending neurons. We find unexpected structure sensory inputs, transfer information different modalities MBONs, modulation that dopaminergic (DANs). provide insights into circuitry used integrate outputs, between central complex inputs DANs, feedback MBONs. Our results a foundation further theoretical work.

Language: Английский

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Attractor and integrator networks in the brain

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(12), P. 744 - 766

Published: Nov. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Memristor-induced hyperchaos, multiscroll and extreme multistability in fractional-order HNN: Image encryption and FPGA implementation

Neural Networks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 85 - 103

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Technological Approach to Mind Everywhere: An Experimentally-Grounded Framework for Understanding Diverse Bodies and Minds

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 24, 2022

Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very wide variety of chimeric architectures combining evolved designed material software. These advances are disrupting familiar concepts philosophy mind, require new ways thinking about comparing truly diverse intelligences, whose composition origin not like any available natural model species. In this Perspective, I introduce TAME-Technological Approach Mind Everywhere-a framework for understanding manipulating cognition unconventional substrates. TAME formalizes non-binary (continuous), empirically-based approach strongly agency. provides way think animal sentience an instance collective intelligence cell groups, arising from dynamics that manifest similar numerous other When applied regenerating/developmental systems, suggests perspective on morphogenesis example basal cognition. The deep symmetry between problem-solving anatomical, physiological, transcriptional, 3D (traditional behavioral) spaces drives specific hypotheses by which capacities can increase during evolution. An important medium exploited evolution joining active subunits into greater agents is developmental bioelectricity, implemented pre-neural use ion channels gap junctions scale up cell-level feedback loops anatomical homeostasis. This architecture multi-scale competency biological has implications plasticity bodies minds, greatly potentiating evolvability. Considering classical recent data perspectives computational science, evolutionary biology, cognition, reveals rich research program with many regenerative medicine, artificial intelligence.

Language: Английский

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The molecular memory code and synaptic plasticity: A synthesis

Biosystems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 224, P. 104825 - 104825

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Engram neurons: Encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and forgetting of memory

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 3207 - 3219

Published: June 27, 2023

Tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates memory - so-called "engram". Here, we integrate recent progress engram field to illustrate how neurons transform across "lifespan" a from initial encoding, consolidation and retrieval, ultimately forgetting. To do so, first describe cell-intrinsic properties shape emergence at encoding. Second, highlight these encoding preferentially participate synaptic- systems-level memory. Third, changes during guide neural reactivation facilitate recall. Fourth, mechanisms forgetting, can counteract established consolidation, retrieval. Motivated by experimental results four sections, conclude proposing some conceptual extensions traditional view engram, including broadening cell-type participation within engrams stages. In collection, review synthesizes general principles stages, describes future avenues further understand dynamic engram.

Language: Английский

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Brain-inspired learning in artificial neural networks: A review

APL Machine Learning, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2)

Published: May 9, 2024

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as an essential tool in machine learning, achieving remarkable success across diverse domains, including image and speech generation, game playing, robotics. However, there exist fundamental differences between ANNs’ operating mechanisms those of the biological brain, particularly concerning learning processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review current brain-inspired representations artificial networks. We investigate integration more biologically plausible mechanisms, such synaptic plasticity, to improve these networks’ capabilities. Moreover, we delve into potential advantages challenges accompanying this approach. In review, pinpoint promising avenues for future research rapidly advancing field, which could bring us closer understanding essence intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Neuronal ensembles: Building blocks of neural circuits

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(6), P. 875 - 892

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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Alzheimer’s disease and its treatment–yesterday, today, and tomorrow

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 24, 2024

Alois Alzheimer described the first patient with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in 1907 and today AD is most frequently diagnosed of dementias. a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder familial, life style comorbidity influences impacting global population more than 47 million projected escalation by 2050 to exceed 130 million. In USA demographic encompasses approximately six individuals, expected increase surpass 13 2050, antecedent phase AD, recognized as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), involves nearly 12 individuals. The economic outlay for management AD-related decline estimated at 355 billion USD. addition, intensifying prevalence cases countries modest intermediate income further enhances urgency therapeutically cost-effective treatments improving quality patients their families. This narrative review evaluates pathophysiological basis an initial focus on therapeutic efficacy limitations existing drugs that provide symptomatic relief: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) allosteric modulator, memantine. hypothesis amyloid-β (Aβ) tau are appropriate targets have potential halt progress critically analyzed particular clinical trial data anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (MABs), namely, aducanumab, lecanemab donanemab. challenges dogma targeting Aβ will benefit majority subjects MABs unlikely be “magic bullet”. A comparison benefits disadvantages different classes forms determining new directions research alternative drug undergoing pre-clinical assessments. we discuss stress importance treatment co-morbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, obesity depression known risk developing AD.

Language: Английский

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Protective genes and pathways in Alzheimer’s disease: moving towards precision interventions

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 29, 2021

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that characterized by neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and an eventual inability to perform daily tasks. The etiology of complex, with numerous environmental genetic factors contributing the disease. Late-onset AD highly heritable (60 80%), over 40 risk loci for have been identified via large genome-wide association studies, most which are common variants small effect sizes. Although these discoveries provided novel insight on biological contributors AD, disease-modifying treatments remain elusive. Recently, concepts resistance pathology resilience against downstream consequences particular interest in field as studies continue identify individuals who evade even into late life all neuropathological features but neurodegeneration impairment. It has hypothesized shift focus from presents opportunity uncover mechanisms promising therapeutic targets This review will highlight selection genes reported confer protection within literature also discuss evidence underpinnings behind their protective involved lipid metabolism, cellular trafficking, endosomal lysosomal function, synaptic inflammation. Finally, we offer some recommendations areas where can rapidly advance towards precision interventions leverage ideas development strategies.

Language: Английский

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