Bridging Biological and Artificial Neural Networks with Emerging Neuromorphic Devices: Fundamentals, Progress, and Challenges

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(49)

Published: Sept. 24, 2019

As the research on artificial intelligence booms, there is broad interest in brain-inspired computing using novel neuromorphic devices. The potential of various emerging materials and devices for has attracted extensive efforts, leading to a large number publications. Going forward, order better emulate brain's functions, its relevant fundamentals, working mechanisms, resultant behaviors need be re-visited, understood, connected electronics. A systematic overview biological neural systems given, along with their related critical mechanisms. Recent progress reviewed and, more importantly, existing challenges are highlighted hopefully shed light future directions.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation induces anxiety- and depressive-like behavior by modulating neuronal plasticity in the basolateral amygdala

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 505 - 518

Published: Nov. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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Computational approaches to Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Advances in theory, applications and trends

Information Fusion, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 101945 - 101945

Published: July 29, 2023

Deep Learning (DL), a groundbreaking branch of Machine (ML), has emerged as driving force in both theoretical and applied Artificial Intelligence (AI). DL algorithms, rooted complex non-linear artificial neural systems, excel at extracting high-level features from data. demonstrated human-level performance real-world tasks, including clinical diagnostics, unlocked solutions to previously intractable problems virtual agent design, robotics, genomics, neuroimaging, computer vision, industrial automation. In this paper, the most relevant advances last few years (AI) several applications neuroscience, robotics are presented, reviewed discussed. way, we summarize state-of-the-art AI methods, models within collection works presented 9th International Conference on Interplay between Natural Computation (IWINAC). The paper excellent examples new scientific discoveries made laboratories that have successfully transitioned real-life applications.

Language: Английский

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Simultaneous emulation of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity using a memristive synapse

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 19, 2022

Neuromorphic computing targets the hardware embodiment of neural network, and device implementation individual neuron synapse has attracted considerable attention. The emulation synaptic plasticity shown promising results after advent memristors. However, neuronal intrinsic plasticity, which involves in learning process through interactions with been rarely demonstrated. Synaptic occur concomitantly process, suggesting need simultaneous implementation. Here, we report a neurosynaptic that mimics single cell. Threshold switch phase change memory are merged threshold switch-phase device. Neuronal is demonstrated based on bottom layer, resembles modulation firing frequency biological neuron. also introduced nonvolatile switching top layer. Intrinsic simultaneously emulated cell to establish positive feedback between them. A loop retraining system implemented array for accelerated training.

Language: Английский

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Hippocampal GABAergic interneurons and memory

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(20), P. 3154 - 3175

Published: July 18, 2023

One of the most captivating questions in neuroscience revolves around brain's ability to efficiently and durably capture store information. It must process continuous input from sensory organs while also encoding memories that can persist throughout a lifetime. What are cellular-, subcellular-, network-level mechanisms underlie this remarkable capacity for long-term information storage? Furthermore, what contributions do distinct types GABAergic interneurons make process? As hippocampus plays pivotal role memory, our review focuses on three aspects: (1) delineation hippocampal interneuron their connectivity, (2) plasticity, (3) activity patterns during memory-related rhythms, including long-range disinhibition. We explore how these elements, together showcasing diversity inhibitory circuits, shape processing hippocampus.

Language: Английский

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Modeling Emerging Interpersonal Synchrony and its Related Adaptive Short-Term Affiliation and Long-Term Bonding: A Second-Order Multi-Adaptive Neural Agent Model

International Journal of Neural Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(07)

Published: April 30, 2023

When people interact, their behavior tends to become synchronized, a mutual coordination process that fosters short-term adaptations, like increased affiliation, and long-term bonding. This paper addresses for the first time how such adaptivity induced by synchronization can be modeled computationally second-order multi-adaptive neural agent model. It movement, affect verbal modalities both intrapersonal synchrony interpersonal synchrony. The of introduced model was evaluated in simulation paradigm with different stimuli communication-enabling conditions. Moreover, this paper, mathematical analysis is also addressed adaptive network models positioning within landscape dynamical systems. type shows any smooth system has canonical representation self-modeling network. implies theoretically format widely applicable, which been found many practical applications using approach. Furthermore, stationary point equilibrium applied used obtain verification providing evidence implemented correct respect its design specifications.

Language: Английский

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Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury

Military Medical Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: June 11, 2020

Abstract Neuronal networks, especially those in the central nervous system (CNS), evolved to support extensive functional capabilities while ensuring stability. Several physiological “brakes” that maintain stability of neuronal networks a healthy state quickly become hinderance postinjury. These include inhibition from extracellular environment, intrinsic factors neurons and control plasticity. There are distinct differences between peripheral (PNS) CNS. Underpinning these is trade-off reduced with increased adaptability through formation new connections neurons. The PNS has “facilitators” stimulate neuroregeneration plasticity, CNS limit them. By studying how work identifying key processes molecules involved, we can attempt apply theories increase its adaptability. difference leads neuroregenerative properties Plasticity ensures quick recovery abilities short medium term. Neuroregeneration involves synthesizing connections, providing extra resources long term replace damaged by injury, achieving lasting recovery. Therefore, understanding affect combine their advantages develop rehabilitation techniques. Rehabilitation training methods, coordinated pharmacological interventions and/or electrical stimulation, contributes precise, holistic treatment plan achieves injuries. Furthermore, techniques not limited limb movement, as other functions lost result brain such speech, also be recovered an appropriate program.

Language: Английский

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Relocation of an Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptor to Inhibitory Synapses Freezes Excitatory Synaptic Strength and Preserves Memory

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 109(1), P. 123 - 134.e4

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and acceptability of transcranial direct current stimulation for treating depression: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126, P. 481 - 490

Published: March 28, 2021

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising nonpharmacological intervention for treating depression. We aimed to provide an updated meta-analysis assessing the anti-depressant efficacy of tDCS. searched literature from first available date 30 December 2020 identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 27 RCTs (N = 1204 patients, 653 in active tDCS and 551 sham tDCS) were included. Active was superior (g 0.46, 95 % CI 0.15−0.76) modulating depressive symptoms measured by depression rating scales. also reducing response remission rates, but these differences did not reach statistically significant levels (ORresponse 1.75, 0.85–3.58; ORremission 1.29, 0.59–2.83). The two groups had comparable dropout rates (OR 1.28, 0.62–1.64). For treatments episodes, may be efficacious. Specific parameters (e.g., 2-mA 30-min sessions) clinical characteristics antidepressant-free) augment treatment

Language: Английский

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Phase Change Random Access Memory for Neuro‐Inspired Computing

Advanced Electronic Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(6)

Published: March 17, 2021

Abstract Neuro‐inspired computing using emerging memristors plays an increasingly significant role for the realization of artificial intelligence and thus has attracted widespread interest in era big data. Thanks to maturity technology superiority device performance, phase change random access memory (PCRAM) is a promising candidate both nonvolatile memories neuro‐inspired computing. Recently many efforts have been carried out achieve biological behavior PCRAM clarify related working mechanism. In order further improve performances, it helpful urgent summarize discuss solution this paper, fundamentals, principles, recent progresses, existing challenges, mainstream solutions are reviewed, brief outlook highlighted introduced, with expectation expound future directions.

Language: Английский

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