Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 634(8032), P. 124 - 138

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuronal wiring diagram of an adult brain

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 30, 2023

Abstract Connections between neurons can be mapped by acquiring and analyzing electron microscopic (EM) brain images. In recent years, this approach has been applied to chunks of brains reconstruct local connectivity maps that are highly informative, yet inadequate for understanding function more globally. Here, we present the first neuronal wiring diagram a whole adult brain, containing 5×10 7 chemical synapses ∼130,000 reconstructed from female Drosophila melanogaster . The resource also incorporates annotations cell classes types, nerves, hemilineages, predictions neurotransmitter identities. Data products available download, programmatic access, interactive browsing made interoperable with other fly data resources. We show how derive projectome, map projections regions, connectome. demonstrate tracing synaptic pathways analysis information flow inputs (sensory ascending neurons) outputs (motor, endocrine, descending neurons), across both hemispheres, central optic lobes. Tracing subset photoreceptors all way motor illustrates structure uncover putative circuit mechanisms underlying sensorimotor behaviors. technologies open ecosystem FlyWire Consortium set stage future large-scale connectome projects in species.

Language: Английский

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Cell type-specific driver lines targeting the Drosophila central complex and their use to investigate neuropeptide expression and sleep regulation

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

The central complex (CX) plays a key role in many higher-order functions of the insect brain including navigation and activity regulation. Genetic tools for manipulating individual cell types, knowledge what neurotransmitters neuromodulators they express, will be required to gain mechanistic understanding how these are implemented. We generated characterized split-GAL4 driver lines that express or small subsets about half CX types. surveyed neuropeptide receptor expression using fluorescent situ hybridization. About neuropeptides we examined were expressed only few cells, while rest dozens hundreds cells. Neuropeptide receptors more broadly at lower levels. Using our GAL4 drivers mark found 51 85 types least one 21 multiple neuropeptides. Surprisingly, all co-expressed molecule neurotransmitter. Finally, used identify whose activation affects sleep, identified other link circadian clock CX. well-characterized genetic information on neurotransmitter provide should enhance studies

Language: Английский

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Transcriptional complexity in the insect central complex: single nuclei RNA-sequencing of adult brain neurons derived from type 2 neuroblasts

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

In both invertebrates such as Drosophila and vertebrates mouse or human, the brain contains most diverse population of cell types any tissue. It is generally accepted that transcriptional diversity an early step in generating neuronal glial diversity, followed by establishment a unique gene expression profile determines morphology, connectivity, function. , there are two neural stem cells, called Type 1 (T1) 2 (T2) neuroblasts. contrast to T1 neuroblasts, T2 neuroblasts generate intermediate progenitors (INPs) expand number types. The T2-derived neurons contributes large portion central complex (CX), conserved region plays role sensorimotor integration. Recent work has revealed much connectome CX, but how this assembled remains unclear. Mapping derived from necessary linking assembly adult brain. Here we perform single nuclei RNA sequencing neuroblast-derived glia. We identify clusters containing all known classes glia, male/female enriched, 161 neuron-specific clusters. map neurotransmitter neuropeptide transcription factor combinatorial codes for each cluster (presumptive neuron subtype). This directs functional studies determine whether code specifies distinct type within CX. several columnar subtypes (NPF+ AstA+) closely related Our data support hypothesis represents one few subtypes.

Language: Английский

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Connectomics and the neural basis of behaviour

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 100968 - 100968

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Methods to acquire and process synaptic-resolution electron-microscopy datasets have progressed very rapidly, allowing production annotation of larger, more complete connectomes. More accurate neuronal matching techniques are enriching cell type data with gene expression, neuron activity, behaviour developmental information, providing ways test hypotheses circuit function. In a variety behaviours such as learned innate olfaction, navigation sexual behaviour, connectomics has already revealed interconnected modules hierarchical structure, recurrence integration sensory streams. Comparing individual connectomes determine which features robust variable is one key research area; new work in comparative across development, experience, sex species will establish strong links between connectivity brain

Language: Английский

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Neural representation of goal direction in the monarch butterfly brain

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2023

Neural processing of a desired moving direction requires the continuous comparison between current heading and goal direction. While neural basis underlying is well-studied, coding remains unclear in insects. Here, we used tetrode recordings tethered flying monarch butterflies to unravel how represented insect brain. recording, maintained robust directions relative virtual sun. By resetting their directions, found neurons whose spatial tuning was tightly linked directions. Importantly, unaffected when changed after compass perturbations, showing that these specifically encode Overall, here discovered invertebrate goal-direction share functional similarities cells reported mammals. Our results give insights into evolutionarily conserved principles goal-directed orientation animals.

Language: Английский

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The processing of proprioceptive signals in distributed networks: insights from insect motor control

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT The integration of sensory information is required to maintain body posture and generate robust yet flexible locomotion through unpredictable environments. To anticipate adaptations in limb enable compensation sudden perturbations, an animal's nervous system assembles external (exteroception) internal (proprioception) cues. Coherent neuronal representations the proprioceptive context appendages arise from concerted action multiple sense organs monitoring kinetics kinematics. This multimodal information, together with exteroceptive signals brain-derived descending motor commands, converges onto premotor networks – i.e. local circuitry controlling output movements within ventral nerve cord (VNC), insect equivalent vertebrate spinal cord. Review summarizes existing knowledge recent advances understanding how VNC use convergent contextually appropriate activity, focusing on example control. We compare role advantages distributed processing over dedicated pathways, challenges networks. discuss gain may be tuned behavioral repertoire these systems, argue that might compensate for their limited population size by, comparison networks, relying more heavily specificity connections. At a time which connectomics physiological recording techniques anatomical functional circuit dissection at unprecedented resolution, systems offer unique opportunities identify mechanisms underlying

Language: Английский

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Cell type-specific driver lines targeting the Drosophila central complex and their use to investigate neuropeptide expression and sleep regulation

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

The central complex (CX) plays a key role in many higher-order functions of the insect brain including navigation and activity regulation. Genetic tools for manipulating individual cell types, knowledge what neurotransmitters neuromodulators they express, will be required to gain mechanistic understanding how these are implemented. We generated characterized split-GAL4 driver lines that express or small subsets about half CX types. surveyed neuropeptide receptor expression using fluorescent situ hybridization. About neuropeptides we examined were expressed only few cells, while rest dozens hundreds cells. Neuropeptide receptors more broadly at lower levels. Using our GAL4 drivers mark found 51 85 types least one 21 multiple neuropeptides. Surprisingly, all co-expressed neurotransmitter. Finally, used identify whose activation affects sleep, identified other link circadian clock CX. well-characterized genetic information on neurotransmitter provide should enhance studies

Language: Английский

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The neuronal building blocks of the navigational toolkit in the central complex of insects

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 100972 - 100972

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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An ‘instinct for learning’: the learning flights and walks of bees, wasps and ants from the 1850s to now

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(6)

Published: March 15, 2023

The learning flights and walks of bees, wasps ants are precisely coordinated movements that enable insects to memorise the visual surroundings their nest or other significant places such as foraging sites. These occur on first few occasions an insect leaves its nest. They special interest because discovery in middle 19th century provided perhaps evidence can learn not solely governed by instinct. Here, we recount history research from present day. studies were conducted skilled naturalists then, over following 50 years, neuroethologists examining insects' behaviour context experiments navigation underlying neural mechanisms. most important property these is repeatedly fixate look favoured directions, either a preferred compass direction, North, towards objects close Nest facing accomplished through path integration. Memories views along direction later guide insect's return In some ant species, adjusted future needs. memories then both outward homeward legs trip. Current central areas brain indicate what regions implement behavioural manoeuvres resulting memories.

Language: Английский

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