Brainstem Circuits for Locomotion

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 63 - 85

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Locomotion is a universal motor behavior that expressed as the output of many integrated brain functions. organized at several levels nervous system, with brainstem circuits acting gate between areas regulating innate, emotional, or motivational locomotion and executive spinal circuits. Here we review recent advances on involved in controlling locomotion. We describe how delineated command govern start, speed, stop, steering also discuss these pathways interface cord diverse important for context-specific selection A recurrent theme need to establish functional connectome from Finally, point unresolved issues concerning function locomotor control.

Language: Английский

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Movement is governed by rotational neural dynamics in spinal motor networks

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 610(7932), P. 526 - 531

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Hierarchical control of locomotion by distinct types of spinal V2a interneurons in zebrafish

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2019

Abstract In all vertebrates, excitatory spinal interneurons execute dynamic adjustments in the timing and amplitude of locomotor movements. Currently, it is unclear whether responsible for control are distinct from those involved control. Here, we show that larval zebrafish, molecularly, morphologically electrophysiologically types V2a neurons exhibit complementary patterns connectivity. Stronger higher-order connections type I to other inhibitory V0d provide control, while stronger last-order II motor Thus, coordinated by distinguished not their occupation hierarchically-arranged anatomical layers, but rather differences reliability probability ultimately form a single layer. These findings contribute our understanding origins cord.

Language: Английский

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The role of V3 neurons in speed-dependent interlimb coordination during locomotion in mice

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 27, 2022

Speed-dependent interlimb coordination allows animals to maintain stable locomotion under different circumstances. The V3 neurons are known be involved in coordination. We previously modeled the locomotor spinal circuitry controlling (Danner et al., 2017). This model included local that mediate mutual excitation between left and right rhythm generators (RGs). Here, our focus was on ascending long propriospinal interactions (aLPNs). Using retrograde tracing, we revealed a subpopulation of lumbar aLPNs with contralateral cervical projections.

Language: Английский

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Deconstructing the modular organization and real-time dynamics of mammalian spinal locomotor networks

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Locomotion empowers animals to move. Locomotor-initiating signals from the brain are funneled through descending neurons in brainstem that act directly on spinal locomotor circuits. Little is known mammals about which circuits targeted by command and how this transformed into rhythmicity cord. Here we address these questions leveraging a mouse brainstem-spinal cord preparation either sex allows locating with simultaneous Ca2+ imaging of neurons. We show restricted area - encompassing lateral paragigantocellular nucleus (LPGi) caudal ventrolateral reticular (CVL) contains glutamatergic initiate locomotion. captures direct LPGi/CVL initiating visualizes modules execute its transformation rhythmic activity. Inhibitory networks recruited distinctly different pattern. Our study uncovers principal logic implement using distinct modular organization.

Language: Английский

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Spinal Inhibitory Interneurons: Gatekeepers of Sensorimotor Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 2667 - 2667

Published: March 6, 2021

The ability to sense and move within an environment are complex functions necessary for the survival of nearly all species. spinal cord is both initial entry site peripheral information final output motor response, placing circuits as paramount in mediating sensory responses coordinating movement. This partly accomplished through activation microcircuits that gate afferent signals filter extraneous stimuli from various modalities determine which transmitted higher order structures CNS pathways. A mechanistic understanding how inhibitory interneurons organized employed will provide potential access points therapeutics targeting deficits underlying pathologies including movement disorders. Recent studies using transgenic manipulations, neurochemical profiling, single-cell transcriptomics have identified distinct populations express array genetic and/or markers constitute functional microcircuits. In this review, we overview neural components make up dorsal ventral highlight importance control sensorimotor pathways at level.

Language: Английский

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Role of Propriospinal Neurons in Control of Respiratory Muscles and Recovery of Breathing Following Injury

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 17, 2020

Respiratory motor failure is the leading cause of death in spinal cord injury (SCI). Cervical injuries disrupt connections between brainstem neurons that are primary source excitatory drive to respiratory and their targets. In addition direct from bulbospinal neurons, also receive inhibitory inputs propriospinal yet role control breathing often overlooked. this review, we will present evidence play important roles patterning muscle activity for breathing. These likely include shaping pattern output, processing transmitting sensory afferent information, coordinating ventilation with activity, regulating accessory activity. addition, discuss recent studies have highlighted importance recovery function following SCI. We propose molecular genetic approaches target specific developmental neuron classes would help investigators resolve many A better understanding how circuits could lead new treatments improve or disease.

Language: Английский

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Bipedal Steps in the Development of Rhythmic Behavior in Humans

Music & Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 205920431989261 - 205920431989261

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

We contrast two related hypotheses of the evolution dance: H1: Maternal bipedal walking influenced fetal experience sound and associated movement patterns; H2: The human transition to gait produced more isochronous/predictable locomotion resulting in early music-like behavior with acoustic advantages conferred by moving bipedally pace. cadence is around 120 beats per minute, similar tempo dance music. Human displays long-term constancies. Dyads often subconsciously synchronize steps. major amplitude component step a distinctly beat. influences, interacts with, emotions, passive listening music activates brain motor areas. Across dance-genres footwork most performed time musical Brain development largely shaped sensory experience, hearing developed from week 18 gestation. Newborns reacts sounds, melodies, rhythmic poems which they have been exposed utero. If vibrations footfalls mother are transmitted fetus coordination motion, connection between isochronous rhythmical may be developed. Rhythmical sounds differ substantially that nonhuman primates, while maternal heartbeat heard likely character across suggesting relatively influential role footfall rhythmic/musical abilities humans. Associations gait, music, numerous. apparent absence display little locomotion, corroborates linked Bipedal stimuli utero primarily boost ontogenetic development. acoustical advantage hypothesis proposes mechanism phylogenetic

Language: Английский

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Recent Insights into the Rhythmogenic Core of the Locomotor CPG

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 1394 - 1394

Published: Jan. 30, 2021

In order for locomotion to occur, a complex pattern of muscle activation is required. For more than century, it has been known that the timing and stepping movements in mammals are generated by neural networks as central generators (CPGs), which comprise multiple interneuron cell types located entirely within spinal cord. A genetic approach recently successful identifying several populations neurons make up this network, well specific role they play during stepping. spite progress, identity responsible generating locomotor rhythm manner interconnected have yet be deciphered. review, we summarize key features considered expressed rhythm-generating describe different genetically defined classes interneurons proposed involved.

Language: Английский

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Upregulation of breathing rate during running exercise by central locomotor circuits in mice

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract While respiratory adaptation to exercise is compulsory cope with the increased metabolic demand, neural signals at stake remain poorly identified. Using circuit tracing and activity interference strategies in mice, we uncover here two systems by which central locomotor network can enable augmentation relation running activity. One originates mesencephalic region (MLR), a conserved controller. Through direct projections onto neurons of preBötzinger complex that generate inspiratory rhythm, MLR trigger moderate increase frequency, prior to, or even absence of, locomotion. The other lumbar enlargement spinal cord containing hindlimb motor circuits. When activated, through retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), it also potently upregulates breathing rate. On top identifying critical underpinnings for hyperpnea, these data expand functional implication cell types pathways are typically regarded as “locomotor” “respiratory” related.

Language: Английский

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