Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(sup5)

Published: July 31, 2017

: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated respondents as their 'worst.'

Language: Английский

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The Genetics of Stress-Related Disorders: PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety Disorders

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 297 - 319

Published: Aug. 31, 2015

Language: Английский

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The epidemiology of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder in a representative cohort of young people in England and Wales

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 247 - 256

Published: Feb. 23, 2019

Despite the emphasis placed on childhood trauma in psychiatry, comparatively little is known about epidemiology of and trauma-related psychopathology young people. We therefore aimed to evaluate prevalence, clinical features, risk factors associated with exposure post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Language: Английский

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Police stressors and health: a state-of-the-art review

Policing An International Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 40(4), P. 642 - 656

Published: Nov. 20, 2017

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on the topic police stressors and associated health outcomes. Recent empirical research reviewed in areas workplace stress, shift work, traumatic health. authors comprehensive table outlining occupational exposures related effects officers. Design/methodology/approach A recent stress untoward psychological physiological outcomes Findings results offer conceptual idea associations between stressful their impact mental physical well-being Research limitations/implications key limitation observed prior cross-sectional study design; however, serves as motivator for researchers explore these utilizing longitudinal design that will help determine causality. Originality/value This provides evidence both with processes involved both. findings presented are based sound medical among officers

Language: Английский

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PTSD symptoms among health workers and public service providers during the COVID-19 outbreak

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. e0241032 - e0241032

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

In the frontline of pandemic stand healthcare workers and public service providers, occupations which have proven to be associated with increased mental health problems during crises. This cross-sectional, survey-based study collected data from 1773 providers throughout Norway between March 31, 2020 April 7, 2020, encompasses a timeframe where all non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) were held constant. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety depression assessed by Norwegian version PTSD checklist (PCL-5), General Anxiety Disorder –7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. specific predictors items. Multiple regression analysis was used for predictor analysis. A total 28.9% sample had clinical or subclinical symptoms PTSD, 21.2% 20.5% above established cut-offs depression. Those working directly in contrast indirectly COVID-19 patients significantly higher symptoms. Worries about job economy, negative metacognitions, burnout, emotional support symptoms, after controlling demographic variables psychological are experiencing high levels pandemic. compared those indirectly. Appropriate action monitor reduce anxiety, among these groups individuals crucial societal roles should taken immediately.

Language: Английский

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How well can post-traumatic stress disorder be predicted from pre-trauma risk factors? An exploratory study in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 265 - 274

Published: Oct. 1, 2014

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be one of the most preventable mental disorders, since many people exposed to traumatic experiences (TEs) could targeted in first response settings immediate aftermath exposure for preventive intervention. However, these interventions are costly and proportion TE-exposed who develop PTSD is small. To cost-effective, risk prediction rules needed target high-risk a TE. Although number studies have been carried out examine prospective predictors among recently TEs, were either small or focused on narrow sample, making it unclear how well can predicted total population TEs. The current report investigates this issue large sample based World Health Organization (WHO)'s Mental Surveys. Retrospective reports obtained associated with 47,466 TE exposures representative community surveys 24 countries. Machine learning methods (random forests, penalized regression, super learner) used model predicting from information about type, socio-demographics, prior histories cumulative DSM-IV disorders. prevalence was 4.0% across exposures. 95.6% cases 10.0% (i.e., 4,747) classified by machine algorithm as having highest risk. divided into 20 ventiles (20 groups equal size) ranked occurred after 56.3% TEs highest-risk ventile, 20.0% second 0.0-1.3% 18 remaining ventiles. These patterns differential quite stable demographic-geographic sub-samples. results demonstrate that sensitive created using data collected at PTSD. validation samples, additional work warranted refine both terms determining minimum required predictor set developing practical administration scoring protocol routine clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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High anxiety trait: A vulnerable phenotype for stress-induced depression

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 27 - 37

Published: Feb. 2, 2018

A great deal of research aims to identify risk factors related individual vulnerability develop stress-induced psychopathologies. Here, we summarize evidence that point at anxiety trait as a significant contributor inter-individual differences in stress-vulnerability. Specifically, underscore high key phenotype. Highly anxious individuals show both behavioral alterations and cognitive deficits, along with more reactive physiological stress responses. We discuss efforts progress towards the identification genetic variants polygenetic scores explain stress. then molecular brain can help explaining increased these individuals. Variation such systems act factors, which combination severe/prolonged stressful life events pave way development depression. Our viewpoint implies consideration phenotype support overall aim obtain improved or novel therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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Accounting for sex differences in PTSD: A multi-variable mediation model

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2015

Approximately twice as many females males are diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about why report more PTSD symptoms than males. Prior studies have generally focused on few potential mediators at a time and often used methods that were not ideally suited to test for mediation effects. research has identified number of individual risk factors may contribute sex differences in severity, although these cannot fully account the increased symptom levels when examined individually.The present study first systematically hypothesis combination pre-, peri-, prevalent can severity.The was quasi-prospective questionnaire survey assessing related variables 73.3% all Danish bank employees exposed robbery during period from April 2010 2011. Participants filled out questionnaires 1 week (T1, N=450) 6 months after (T2, N=368; 61.1% females). Mediation using an analysis designed specifically multiple mediator model.Females reported higher neuroticism, depression, physical anxiety sensitivity, peritraumatic fear, horror, helplessness (the A2 criterion), tonic immobility, panic, dissociation, negative cognitions self world, feeling let down. These included model mediators. The significantly mediated association between accounting 83% association.The findings suggest because they experience associated factors. results relevant other trauma populations trauma-related psychiatric disorders females, such depression anxiety.

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Traumatic Stress: Probable Risk Factors and Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Journal of Loss and Trauma, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 25(6-7), P. 503 - 522

Published: May 12, 2020

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which first began in December 2019 China, has since become a global health crisis with vast and devastating consequences for individuals societies. Both earlier research recent findings suggest that infectious disease epidemics pandemics can be highly traumatic experiences some lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) chronic psychological distress. Mental risks associated COVID-19 have yet systematically studied; however, the emerging literature on COVID-19, as well previous studies outbreaks provide insights into probable risk factors correlates of PTSD. In this paper, we brief review these discuss PTSD distress related COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 154 - 165

Published: Sept. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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