Intergenerational transmission and prevention of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 101997 - 101997

Published: Feb. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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Risk and protective factors for mental disorders beyond genetics: an evidence‐based atlas

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 417 - 436

Published: Sept. 9, 2021

Decades of research have revealed numerous risk factors for mental disorders beyond genetics, but their consistency and magnitude remain uncer­tain. We conducted a “meta‐umbrella” systematic synthesis umbrella reviews, which are reviews meta‐analyses individual studies, by searching international databases from inception to January 1, 2021. included on non‐purely genetic or protective any ICD/DSM disorders, applying an established classification the credibility evidence: class I (convincing), II (highly suggestive), III (suggestive), IV (weak). Sensitivity analyses were prospective studies test temporality (reverse causation), TRANSD criteria applied transdiagnosticity factors, A Measurement Tool Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was employed address quality meta‐analyses. Fourteen eligible retrieved, summarizing 390 1,180 associations between putative disorders. 176 evidence associations, relating 142 risk/protective factors. The most robust (class II, designs) 21. For dementia, they type 2 diabetes mellitus (risk ratio, RR 1.54 2.28), depression (RR 1.65 1.99) low frequency social contacts (RR=1.57). opioid use factor tobacco smoking (odds OR=3.07). non‐organic psychotic clinical high state psychosis (OR=9.32), cannabis (OR=3.90), childhood adversities (OR=2.80). depressive widowhood (RR=5.59), sexual dysfunction (OR=2.71), three (OR=1.99) four‐five (OR=2.06) metabolic physical (OR=1.98) (OR=2.42) abuse, job strain (OR=1.77), obesity (OR=1.35), sleep disturbances (RR=1.92). autism spectrum disorder, maternal overweight pre/during pregnancy (RR=1.28). attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pre‐pregnancy (OR=1.63), during (OR=1.60), (OR=1.28). Only one detected: activity (hazard HR=0.62) Alzheimer’s disease. In all, 32.9% quality, 48.9% medium 18.2% quality. Transdiagnostic I‐III mostly involved in early neurodevelopmental period. evidence‐based atlas key identified this study represents benchmark advancing characterization research, expanding intervention preventive strategies

Language: Английский

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A process-based approach to psychological diagnosis and treatment:The conceptual and treatment utility of an extended evolutionary meta model

Clinical Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 101908 - 101908

Published: Sept. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Candidate biomarkers in psychiatric disorders: state of the field

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 236 - 262

Published: May 9, 2023

The field of psychiatry is hampered by a lack robust, reliable and valid biomarkers that can aid in objectively diagnosing patients providing individualized treatment recommendations. Here we review critically evaluate the evidence for most promising psychiatric neuroscience literature autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders post‐traumatic stress major depression bipolar substance use disorders. Candidate reviewed include various neuroimaging, genetic, molecular peripheral assays, purposes determining susceptibility or presence illness, predicting response safety. This highlights critical gap biomarker validation process. An enormous societal investment over past 50 years has identified numerous candidate biomarkers. However, to date, overwhelming majority these measures have not been proven sufficiently reliable, useful be adopted clinically. It time consider whether strategic investments might break this impasse, focusing on limited number candidates advance through process definitive testing specific indication. Some N170 signal, an event‐related brain potential measured using electroencephalography, subgroup identification within disorder; striatal resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures, such as connectivity index (SCI) abnormalities (FSA) index, prediction schizophrenia; error‐related negativity (ERN), electrophysiological first onset generalized structural connectomic social disorder. Alternate forms classification may conceptualizing Collaborative efforts allowing inclusion biosystems beyond genetics neuroimaging are needed, online remote acquisition selected naturalistic setting mobile health tools significantly field. Setting benchmarks well‐defined target application, along with development appropriate funding partnership mechanisms, would also crucial. Finally, it should never forgotten that, actionable, will need clinically predictive at individual level viable clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD 30-40%, suggesting genetics alone do not account for most the risk major depression. Another factor known to associate with involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged show biological impact factors in other stress-related disorders mediated by variety epigenetic modifications. These modification alterations contribute abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved pathophysiology MDD. Furthermore, marks been associated diagnosis treatment evaluation modifications holds promise further understanding heterogeneous etiology complex phenotypes MDD, may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical clinical findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA chromatin remodeling In addition, elaborate on contribution these mechanisms pathological trait variability depression discuss how can be exploited purposes.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking Longevity in Aesthetic Dermatology: Epigenetics, Aging, and Personalized Care

International Journal of Dermatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 10, 2025

ABSTRACT The concept of aging has evolved from being primarily attributed to genetic factors recognizing the critical role epigenetic mechanisms. Recent advancements, such as clocks, have provided tools assess biological age and offer insights into processes at molecular level. In aesthetic dermatology, understanding these allows for more personalized, effective interventions targeting root causes skin aging. This review explores interplay changes, aging, potential personalized care enhance longevity rejuvenation. is based on an extensive literature search conducted across PubMed other scientific databases. Studies focused mechanisms DNA methylation, histone modifications, their relationship Particular attention was given recent advancements in including Horvath's Clock GrimAge, implications dermatological treatments. Epigenetic Clock, demonstrated utility assessing through methylation markers, revealing actionable processes. Energy‐based devices like fractional lasers radiofrequency shown promise reversing age‐related promoting collagen synthesis, reducing age. Additionally, lifestyle diet, sleep, circadian rhythm alignment significantly influence health. Integrating dermatology represents a paradigm shift rejuvenation, allowing treatments that address visible signs underlying Using clocks provides framework tailoring individual patient needs, optimizing outcomes, extending results. Future research should focus longitudinal studies, accessibility, ethical considerations fully harness epigenetics health overall well‐being.

Language: Английский

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The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 620 - 629

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Cell-type-specific epigenetic effects of early life stress on the brain

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2022

Early life stress (ELS) induces long-term phenotypic adaptations that contribute to increased vulnerability a host of neuropsychiatric disorders. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA, are proposed link between environmental stressors, alterations in gene expression, phenotypes. play primary role shaping functional differences cell types can be modified by perturbations, especially early development. Together with contributions from genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms orchestrate patterns expression within specific variation individuals. To date, many studies have provided insights into changes resulting ELS. However, most these examined heterogenous brain tissue, despite evidence cell-type-specific phenotypes associated In this review, we focus on rodent human induced ELS select isolated the or genes cell-type-restricted neurons, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes. Although significant challenges remain, future using approaches enable important mechanistic insight effects function.

Language: Английский

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Genetic insights into the neurobiology of anxiety

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 318 - 331

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Anxiety and fear are evolutionarily conserved emotions that increase the likelihood of an organism surviving threatening situations. vigilance states regulated by neural networks involving multiple brain regions. In anxiety disorders, this intricate regulatory system is disturbed, leading to excessive or prolonged fear. disorders have both genetic environmental risk factors. Genetic research has potential identify specific variants causally associated with phenotypes. recent decades, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) revealed predisposing neuropsychiatric suggesting novel neurobiological pathways in etiology these disorders. Here, we review human GWASs anxiety-like behavior rodent models. These paving way for a better understanding mechanisms underlying

Language: Английский

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Mood and microbes: a comprehensive review of intestinal microbiota’s impact on depression

Frontiers in Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Depression is considered a multifaceted and intricate mental disorder of growing concern due to its significant impact on global health issues. The human gut microbiota, also known as the “second brain,” has an important role in CNS by regulating it through chemical, immunological, hormonal, neurological processes. Various studies have found bidirectional link between brain gut, emphasizing onset depression therapies. biological molecular processes underlying microbiota are required, association may represent novel study. However, profound insights into stratification diversity still uncommon. This article investigates emerging evidence bacterial relationship brain’s system potential pathogenicity relevance. interplay immune system, nervous neurotransmitter synthesis, neuroplasticity transitions widely studied. consequences stress, dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics GB axis being Multiple revealed this led development effective microbiota-based drugs for both prevention treatment. Therefore, results support hypothesis that influences provide promising area research improved knowledge etiology disease future

Language: Английский

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