The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
24(3), P. 191 - 199
Published: Oct. 24, 2020
The
serotonin
transporter
gene
(SLC6A4;
5-HTT;
SERT)
is
considered
a
prime
candidate
in
pharmacogenetic
research
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD).
Besides
genetic
variation,
recent
advances
have
spotlighted
the
involvement
of
epigenetic
mechanisms
such
as
DNA
methylation
predicting
antidepressant
treatment
response
"pharmaco-epigenetic"
approaches.
In
MDD,
lower
SLC6A4
promoter
has
been
suggested
to
predict
impaired
serotonergic
antidepressants.
present
study
sought
replicate
and
extend
this
finding
large,
independent
sample
MDD
patients.The
comprised
n
=
236
Caucasian
patients
with
receiving
medication
naturalistic
setting.
Functional
9
CpG
sites
located
region
was
analyzed
via
direct
sequencing
sodium
bisulfite-
treated
extracted
from
blood
cells.
Patients
were
assessed
over
course
6-week
in-patient
using
Hamilton
Depression
Scale
(HAM-D).Results
confirm
relative
hypomethylation
both
dimensionally
categorically
(HAM-D
reductions
<
50%)
furthermore
be
indicative
nonremission
>
7).
This
also
held
true
homogenous
subgroup
continuously
selective
reuptake
inhibitors
or
serotonin/noradrenaline
(n
110).Impaired
antidepressants
may
conveyed
by
increased
expression
consequently
decreased
availability,
which
counteract
effects
results
could
future
inform
clinical
decision-making
towards
more
personalized
MDD.
World Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
20(3), P. 417 - 436
Published: Sept. 9, 2021
Decades
of
research
have
revealed
numerous
risk
factors
for
mental
disorders
beyond
genetics,
but
their
consistency
and
magnitude
remain
uncertain.
We
conducted
a
“meta‐umbrella”
systematic
synthesis
umbrella
reviews,
which
are
reviews
meta‐analyses
individual
studies,
by
searching
international
databases
from
inception
to
January
1,
2021.
included
on
non‐purely
genetic
or
protective
any
ICD/DSM
disorders,
applying
an
established
classification
the
credibility
evidence:
class
I
(convincing),
II
(highly
suggestive),
III
(suggestive),
IV
(weak).
Sensitivity
analyses
were
prospective
studies
test
temporality
(reverse
causation),
TRANSD
criteria
applied
transdiagnosticity
factors,
A
Measurement
Tool
Assess
Systematic
Reviews
(AMSTAR)
was
employed
address
quality
meta‐analyses.
Fourteen
eligible
retrieved,
summarizing
390
1,180
associations
between
putative
disorders.
176
evidence
associations,
relating
142
risk/protective
factors.
The
most
robust
(class
II,
designs)
21.
For
dementia,
they
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(risk
ratio,
RR
1.54
2.28),
depression
(RR
1.65
1.99)
low
frequency
social
contacts
(RR=1.57).
opioid
use
factor
tobacco
smoking
(odds
OR=3.07).
non‐organic
psychotic
clinical
high
state
psychosis
(OR=9.32),
cannabis
(OR=3.90),
childhood
adversities
(OR=2.80).
depressive
widowhood
(RR=5.59),
sexual
dysfunction
(OR=2.71),
three
(OR=1.99)
four‐five
(OR=2.06)
metabolic
physical
(OR=1.98)
(OR=2.42)
abuse,
job
strain
(OR=1.77),
obesity
(OR=1.35),
sleep
disturbances
(RR=1.92).
autism
spectrum
disorder,
maternal
overweight
pre/during
pregnancy
(RR=1.28).
attention‐deficit/hyperactivity
disorder
(ADHD),
pre‐pregnancy
(OR=1.63),
during
(OR=1.60),
(OR=1.28).
Only
one
detected:
activity
(hazard
HR=0.62)
Alzheimer’s
disease.
In
all,
32.9%
quality,
48.9%
medium
18.2%
quality.
Transdiagnostic
I‐III
mostly
involved
in
early
neurodevelopmental
period.
evidence‐based
atlas
key
identified
this
study
represents
benchmark
advancing
characterization
research,
expanding
intervention
preventive
strategies
World Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(2), P. 236 - 262
Published: May 9, 2023
The
field
of
psychiatry
is
hampered
by
a
lack
robust,
reliable
and
valid
biomarkers
that
can
aid
in
objectively
diagnosing
patients
providing
individualized
treatment
recommendations.
Here
we
review
critically
evaluate
the
evidence
for
most
promising
psychiatric
neuroscience
literature
autism
spectrum
disorder,
schizophrenia,
anxiety
disorders
post‐traumatic
stress
major
depression
bipolar
substance
use
disorders.
Candidate
reviewed
include
various
neuroimaging,
genetic,
molecular
peripheral
assays,
purposes
determining
susceptibility
or
presence
illness,
predicting
response
safety.
This
highlights
critical
gap
biomarker
validation
process.
An
enormous
societal
investment
over
past
50
years
has
identified
numerous
candidate
biomarkers.
However,
to
date,
overwhelming
majority
these
measures
have
not
been
proven
sufficiently
reliable,
useful
be
adopted
clinically.
It
time
consider
whether
strategic
investments
might
break
this
impasse,
focusing
on
limited
number
candidates
advance
through
process
definitive
testing
specific
indication.
Some
N170
signal,
an
event‐related
brain
potential
measured
using
electroencephalography,
subgroup
identification
within
disorder;
striatal
resting‐state
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
measures,
such
as
connectivity
index
(SCI)
abnormalities
(FSA)
index,
prediction
schizophrenia;
error‐related
negativity
(ERN),
electrophysiological
first
onset
generalized
structural
connectomic
social
disorder.
Alternate
forms
classification
may
conceptualizing
Collaborative
efforts
allowing
inclusion
biosystems
beyond
genetics
neuroimaging
are
needed,
online
remote
acquisition
selected
naturalistic
setting
mobile
health
tools
significantly
field.
Setting
benchmarks
well‐defined
target
application,
along
with
development
appropriate
funding
partnership
mechanisms,
would
also
crucial.
Finally,
it
should
never
forgotten
that,
actionable,
will
need
clinically
predictive
at
individual
level
viable
clinical
settings.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Aug. 30, 2023
Major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
is
a
chronic,
generally
episodic
and
debilitating
disease
that
affects
an
estimated
300
million
people
worldwide,
but
its
pathogenesis
poorly
understood.
The
heritability
estimate
of
MDD
30-40%,
suggesting
genetics
alone
do
not
account
for
most
the
risk
major
depression.
Another
factor
known
to
associate
with
involves
environmental
stressors
such
as
childhood
adversity
recent
life
stress.
Recent
studies
have
emerged
show
biological
impact
factors
in
other
stress-related
disorders
mediated
by
variety
epigenetic
modifications.
These
modification
alterations
contribute
abnormal
neuroendocrine
responses,
neuroplasticity
impairment,
neurotransmission
neuroglia
dysfunction,
which
are
involved
pathophysiology
MDD.
Furthermore,
marks
been
associated
diagnosis
treatment
evaluation
modifications
holds
promise
further
understanding
heterogeneous
etiology
complex
phenotypes
MDD,
may
identify
new
therapeutic
targets.
Here,
we
review
preclinical
clinical
findings,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modification,
noncoding
RNA,
RNA
chromatin
remodeling
In
addition,
elaborate
on
contribution
these
mechanisms
pathological
trait
variability
depression
discuss
how
can
be
exploited
purposes.
International Journal of Dermatology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 10, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
concept
of
aging
has
evolved
from
being
primarily
attributed
to
genetic
factors
recognizing
the
critical
role
epigenetic
mechanisms.
Recent
advancements,
such
as
clocks,
have
provided
tools
assess
biological
age
and
offer
insights
into
processes
at
molecular
level.
In
aesthetic
dermatology,
understanding
these
allows
for
more
personalized,
effective
interventions
targeting
root
causes
skin
aging.
This
review
explores
interplay
changes,
aging,
potential
personalized
care
enhance
longevity
rejuvenation.
is
based
on
an
extensive
literature
search
conducted
across
PubMed
other
scientific
databases.
Studies
focused
mechanisms
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications,
their
relationship
Particular
attention
was
given
recent
advancements
in
including
Horvath's
Clock
GrimAge,
implications
dermatological
treatments.
Epigenetic
Clock,
demonstrated
utility
assessing
through
methylation
markers,
revealing
actionable
processes.
Energy‐based
devices
like
fractional
lasers
radiofrequency
shown
promise
reversing
age‐related
promoting
collagen
synthesis,
reducing
age.
Additionally,
lifestyle
diet,
sleep,
circadian
rhythm
alignment
significantly
influence
health.
Integrating
dermatology
represents
a
paradigm
shift
rejuvenation,
allowing
treatments
that
address
visible
signs
underlying
Using
clocks
provides
framework
tailoring
individual
patient
needs,
optimizing
outcomes,
extending
results.
Future
research
should
focus
longitudinal
studies,
accessibility,
ethical
considerations
fully
harness
epigenetics
health
overall
well‐being.
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Aug. 10, 2022
Early
life
stress
(ELS)
induces
long-term
phenotypic
adaptations
that
contribute
to
increased
vulnerability
a
host
of
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
Epigenetic
mechanisms,
including
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications
and
non-coding
RNA,
are
proposed
link
between
environmental
stressors,
alterations
in
gene
expression,
phenotypes.
play
primary
role
shaping
functional
differences
cell
types
can
be
modified
by
perturbations,
especially
early
development.
Together
with
contributions
from
genetic
variation,
epigenetic
mechanisms
orchestrate
patterns
expression
within
specific
variation
individuals.
To
date,
many
studies
have
provided
insights
into
changes
resulting
ELS.
However,
most
these
examined
heterogenous
brain
tissue,
despite
evidence
cell-type-specific
phenotypes
associated
In
this
review,
we
focus
on
rodent
human
induced
ELS
select
isolated
the
or
genes
cell-type-restricted
neurons,
microglia,
astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes.
Although
significant
challenges
remain,
future
using
approaches
enable
important
mechanistic
insight
effects
function.
Trends in Neurosciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
46(4), P. 318 - 331
Published: Feb. 22, 2023
Anxiety
and
fear
are
evolutionarily
conserved
emotions
that
increase
the
likelihood
of
an
organism
surviving
threatening
situations.
vigilance
states
regulated
by
neural
networks
involving
multiple
brain
regions.
In
anxiety
disorders,
this
intricate
regulatory
system
is
disturbed,
leading
to
excessive
or
prolonged
fear.
disorders
have
both
genetic
environmental
risk
factors.
Genetic
research
has
potential
identify
specific
variants
causally
associated
with
phenotypes.
recent
decades,
genome-wide
association
studies
(GWASs)
revealed
predisposing
neuropsychiatric
suggesting
novel
neurobiological
pathways
in
etiology
these
disorders.
Here,
we
review
human
GWASs
anxiety-like
behavior
rodent
models.
These
paving
way
for
a
better
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Depression
is
considered
a
multifaceted
and
intricate
mental
disorder
of
growing
concern
due
to
its
significant
impact
on
global
health
issues.
The
human
gut
microbiota,
also
known
as
the
“second
brain,”
has
an
important
role
in
CNS
by
regulating
it
through
chemical,
immunological,
hormonal,
neurological
processes.
Various
studies
have
found
bidirectional
link
between
brain
gut,
emphasizing
onset
depression
therapies.
biological
molecular
processes
underlying
microbiota
are
required,
association
may
represent
novel
study.
However,
profound
insights
into
stratification
diversity
still
uncommon.
This
article
investigates
emerging
evidence
bacterial
relationship
brain’s
system
potential
pathogenicity
relevance.
interplay
immune
system,
nervous
neurotransmitter
synthesis,
neuroplasticity
transitions
widely
studied.
consequences
stress,
dietary
fibers,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
antibiotics
GB
axis
being
Multiple
revealed
this
led
development
effective
microbiota-based
drugs
for
both
prevention
treatment.
Therefore,
results
support
hypothesis
that
influences
provide
promising
area
research
improved
knowledge
etiology
disease
future