Autism Spectrum Disorder

JAMA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 329(2), P. 157 - 157

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests, is a neurodevelopmental affecting approximately 2.3% children aged 8 years US 2.2% adults. This review summarizes evidence on diagnosis treatment ASD.The estimated prevalence ASD has been increasing US, from 1.1% 2008 to 2018, which likely associated with changes diagnostic criteria, improved performance screening tools, increased public awareness. No biomarkers specific have identified. Common early signs symptoms child's first 2 life include no response name when called, limited use gestures communication, lack imaginative play. The criterion standard for comprehensive evaluation multidisciplinary team clinicians based semistructured direct observation behavior caregiver interview focused individual's development using standardized measures, such as Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition Interview. These measures sensitivity 91% 80% specificity 76% 72%, respectively. Compared people without ASD, individuals higher rates depression (20% vs 7%), anxiety (11% 5%), sleep difficulties (13% epilepsy (21% co-occurring intellectual disability 0.8%). Intensive behavioral interventions, Early Start Denver Model, are beneficial 5 younger improvement language, play, (small medium effect size mean difference). Pharmacotherapy indicated psychiatric conditions, emotion dysregulation attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Risperidone aripiprazole can improve irritability aggression (standardized difference 1.1, consistent large size) compared placebo. Psychostimulants effective 0.6, moderate medications adverse effects including, most commonly, appetite, weight, sleep.ASD affects adults US. First-line therapy consists while aggression, may be treated medication.

Language: Английский

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability

Molecular Autism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 15, 2023

Abstract Background Suicidality is highly prevalent in autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disabilities, and high traits are found adults who have attempted suicide. However, prevalence rates for both possibly not been synthesised meta-analytically. Aims To (1) calculate pooled estimates of suicidality disability; (2) evaluate the influence participant study level characteristics on heterogeneity; (3) determine quality evidence. Methods Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE Web Science systematically searched from 1992 to January 25, 2022. Empirical quantitative studies reporting suicidal ideation, suicide plans, or attempts behaviours considered inclusion. Random effects models used estimate each outcome with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was explored using sensitivity moderator analyses. Results Data 48,186 participants 36 primary meta-analysed. Pooled ideation 34.2% (95% CI 27.9–40.5), plans 21.9% (13.4–30.4), 24.3% (18.9–29.6). High levels heterogeneity ( I 2 > 75) observed all three Estimates did differ between samples. Geographical location p = 0.005), transgender gender non-conforming samples < 0.001) type report significantly moderated whereas age group measure plans. There a significant association proportion male decrease males every unit change plan 0.013). No variables moderate behaviours. Conclusions The results confirm disability highlights potential moderators. Possibly individuals require more attention clinical research considerations going forward further understand prevent groups.

Language: Английский

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Mental health challenges faced by autistic people

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(10), P. 1620 - 1637

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Updated Systematic Review of Suicide in Autism: 2018–2024

Current Developmental Disorders Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Use of ECT for Children With and Without Catatonia

Journal of Ect, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 154 - 161

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Objectives The objective study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a retrospective cohort pediatric patients. Methods A single-site analysis conducted patients aged younger than 18 years who received ECT private university hospital from January 28, 2012 April 8, 2023. Treatment adverse events were determined retrospectively through review medical record. Results total 36 met inclusion criteria. Catatonia most common presenting indication for ECT, followed by psychosis suicidal ideation. For all patients, Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement scale scores indicated that it very likely subject experience at least “much improvement” with estimated probability receiving score better 3 0.852 (t.s. = 16.3; P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 0.711–0.931). All catatonia demonstrated positive clinical response experienced statistically significant reduction Bush-Francis Rating Scale observed ( t 11.9; df 20; SD 6.3; 12.6–17.9). No reported any patient cohort. However, 14 (38.9%) prolonged seizures, which terminated propofol (mean, 49.7 mg). Conclusions This provides further data supporting safe effective use treatment various psychiatric conditions. more research is needed determine risk factors associated seizures optimal seizure parameters young people.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and predictors of lifetime suicidality and suicidal ideation in autistic adults

Autism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 2282 - 2294

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Over the past few years, more and research is showing that many autistic people are at an increased risk for suicide. In this study, we asked participants from Netherlands Autism Register, which longitudinal register including individuals with autism, about their possible experiences thoughts feelings Specifically, looked whether these in lifetime month were related to various factors (such as age, gender, having psychiatric disorder diagnoses). We found 80% of had experienced or even attempted take own life least once throughout lifetime. Furthermore, a subgroup participants, presence diagnosis, loneliness, higher number traits associated experiencing suicidal For those who month, (multiple) diagnoses severe frequent suicide month. Our findings show additional should be considered when assessing risk, it brings us one step closer understanding why common people.

Language: Английский

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The global burden of suicide mortality among people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and extension of estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 341, P. 116150 - 116150

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

We aimed to quantify the risk, mortality, and burden of suicide among autistic persons. searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO on 5

Language: Английский

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“A space to be myself ”: Music and self-determination in the lives of autistic adults

Psychology of Music, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Despite many decades of academic interest in music and autism, we know little about what means to autistic adults how they experience it. The few existing studies lack a common theoretical basis are therefore difficult compare integrate. To address this gap, investigated whether Self-Determination Theory can be used as framework for understanding the functions experienced by adults. We focused specifically on support thwarting basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness). Thirteen (seven women six men; aged between 24 69 years) described their experiences with musicking one-to-one semi-structured online interview. analyzed transcripts using directed qualitative content analysis (DQCA). found that engagement thwart well autonomy, relatedness indeed offers robust starting point seen illustrate provide red thread connecting all previous

Language: Английский

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Examining the impact of drama‐based sessions on the social emotional well‐being of Autistic pupils in a special school: A multi‐informant qualitative study

British Journal of Special Education, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Abstract Drama is a subject through which pupils can explore and develop their social learning. Previous research into drama‐based pedagogy has predominantly centred on outcomes that benchmark Autistic socialising against non‐Autistic standards. This corrective ideology been critiqued in the light of emerging damaging impact masking psychological health, increased recognition diversity within intelligence, view people's lived experiences approaches promote normative agenda. In response, we examined potential drama programme – Northern Line Laughs (NLL) replaces skill with more affirmative approach nurturing emotional well‐being. A multi‐informant qualitative study was used to examine utility NLL supporting well‐being four educated at an autism‐specific special school London, England. Interview data from five staff members were triangulated observational analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results highlighted how dramatic principles play , openness togetherness could positively contribute pupils' resonate both previous this area broader neurodiversity‐affirming literature. The project's inclusion complex learning, sensory regulatory support needs, including those who are non‐speaking, also challenges theoretical assumptions programmes not suitable for population.

Language: Английский

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Self-Harm Events and Suicide Deaths Among Autistic Individuals in Ontario, Canada

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. e2327415 - e2327415

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Importance Reasons for elevated suicide risks among autistic people are unclear, with insufficient population-based research on sex-specific patterns to inform tailored prevention and intervention. Objectives To examine sex-stratified rates of self-harm events death individuals compared nonautistic individuals, as well the associated sociodemographic clinical risk factors. Design, Setting, Participants This matched-cohort study using linked health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada included all physician-recorded autism diagnoses from April 1, 1988, March 31, 2018, each matched age sex 4 general population. Self-harm resulting emergency care 2005, December 2020, were examined one cohort, by other causes 1993, another cohort. Statistical analyses conducted between October 2021 June 2023. Exposure Physician-recorded 1988 2018 databases. Main Outcomes Measures Autistic who stratified a priori Andersen-Gill recurrent event models events, cause-specific competing or causes. Neighborhood-level income rurality indices, individual-level broad diagnostic categories intellectual disabilities, mood anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum substance use personality disorders covariates. Results For (cohort, 379 630 individuals; median at maximum follow-up, 20 years [IQR, 15-28 years]; first diagnosis claim 9 4-15 19 800 females, 56 126 males 79 200 224 504 males), both sexes, had independent associations (females: relative rate, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.61-2.08; males: 1.47; 1.28-1.69) after accounting income, rurality, psychiatric diagnoses. 334 690 14-27 10 5-16 17 982 48 956 males, 71 928 195 824 there was significantly higher crude hazard ratio females (1.98; 1.11-3.56) nonsignificantly (1.34; 0.99-1.82); increased Conclusions Relevance cohort suggests that experienced death. Psychiatric especially death, partially sex-unique ways. Autism-tailored autism-informed social support reduce should consider multifactorial mechanisms, particular focus timely treatment illnesses.

Language: Английский

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