Evolution and spread of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in the São Paulo, Brazil, citrus belt inferred from 758 novel genomes

Microbial Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The São Paulo state citrus belt in Brazil is a major production region. Since at least 1957, plantations this region have been affected by canker, an economically damaging disease caused Xanthomonas citri subsp. (Xcc). For about 50 years, until 2017, canker eradication programme was carried out In work, our aim to investigate the effects of on genetic variability and evolution Xcc. To end, we sequenced analysed 758 Xcc genomes sampled belt, together with 730 publicly available from around world. Our phylogenomic analyses show that these can be grouped into seven lineages Paulo, lineage L7 dominant. time estimate for its appearance closely matches date when expanded. subdivided L7.1 L7.2. samples, L7.2, which emerged 1964, far most abundant, showing had little impact strain diversification. On other hand, oscillations estimated effective population size L7.2 strains over match shifts programme. sum, present detailed view genomic diversity world largest such effort terms number crop pathogen undertaken so far. methods employed here form basis active surveillance areas.

Language: Английский

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Genomic determinants for host adaptation or host specificity

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 21 - 30

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Xanthomonas bundabergensis sp. nov., Xanthomonas medicagonis sp. nov. and Xanthomonas tesorieronis sp. nov.: three members of group 1 Xanthomonas

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 75(3)

Published: March 10, 2025

Between 1976 and 2010, four bacterial isolates were collected in New South Wales Queensland, Australia, stored as part of routine biosecurity surveillance. Recently, these historic analysed a larger project to enhance the taxonomic accuracy our culture collection improve Australia’s preparedness. Three from Fragaria × ananassa , initially identified Xanthomonas sp., one Medicago sativa axonopodis subsp. alfalfae . In this study, we employed modern phenotypic genomic techniques further characterize isolates. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time flight MS biotyping Biolog GEN III MicroPlates confirmed that they are members genus but did not allow for species-level classification. Genome-relatedness indices phylogenetic analysis revealed represent three novel species. The maximum average nucleotide identity digital DNA–DNA hybridization values observed when comparing all type strains each other 93.9% 50.7%, respectively. Pathogenesis assays two pathogenic plant which isolated. Based on findings, propose names bundabergensis sp. nov. (DAR 80977 T =ICMP 24943), medicagonis 35659 24942) tesorieronis 34887 24940).

Language: Английский

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Light-oxygen-voltage photoreceptor-regulated virulence in the pathogenic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas piscicida X-8 of a farmed seaweed bleaching disease

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102667 - 102667

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Rhizobium rhizogenesA4‐derived strains mediate hyper‐efficient transient gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and other solanaceous plants

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Summary Agroinfiltration, a method utilizing agrobacteria to transfer DNA into plant cells, is widely used for transient gene expression in plants. Besides the commonly Agrobacterium strains, Rhizobium rhizogenes can also introduce foreign host plants expression. While many R. strains have been known inducing hairy root symptoms, their use has not fully explored. Here, we showed that A4 outperformed all other tested agrobacterial agroinfiltration experiments on leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and solanaceous By conducting an screening N. using various carrying RUBY reporter cassette, discovered mediates strongest fastest Utilizing genomic information, developed collection disarmed modified derived from A4. performing vacuum infiltration assays, demonstrated these A4‐derived efficiently transiently transform 6‐week‐old leaves, showing less sensitivity age compared laboratory strain GV3101. Furthermore, performed AS109, strain, tomato, pepper, eggplant. Remarkably, AS109 mediated more effectively than strains. This discovery paves way establishing as new option enhancing facilitating functional study genes species.

Language: Английский

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Modularization of the type II secretion gene cluster from Xanthomonas euvesicatoria facilitates the identification of a structurally conserved XpsCLM assembly platform complex

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. e1013008 - e1013008

Published: April 9, 2025

Many bacterial pathogens depend on a type II secretion (T2S) system to secrete virulence factors from the periplasm into extracellular milieu. T2S systems consist of an outer membrane secretin channel, periplasmic pseudopilus and inner membrane-associated assembly platform including cytoplasmic ATPase. The components are often conserved in different species, however, architecture is largely unknown. Here, we analysed predicted Xps-T2S plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas euvesicatoria . To facilitate these studies, generated modular xps- gene cluster by Golden Gate single promoter fragments. design allowed efficient deletion replacement genes insertion reporter fusions. Mutant approaches as well interaction crosslinking studies showed that XpsC, XpsL XpsM form trimeric complex which essential for associates with ATPase XpsE XpsD. Structural modeling revealed similar XpsCLM homologs Pseudomonas, Vibrio Klebsiella despite overall low amino acid sequence similarities. In X. euvesicatoria, fluorescence microscopy formation independent vice versa , suggesting dynamic process involves association preformed subcomplexes.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Wheat Cultivars in Response to Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis and Its T2SS, T3SS, and TALEs Deficient Strains

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113(11), P. 2073 - 2082

Published: July 7, 2023

Xanthomonas translucens pv. cerealis causes bacterial leaf streak disease on small grain cereals. Type II and III secretion systems (T2SS T3SS) play a pivotal role in the pathogenicity of bacterium, while no data are available transcriptomic profile wheat cultivars infected with either wild type (WT) or mutants pathogen. In this study, WT, TAL-effector mutants, T2SS/T3SS X. strain NXtc01 were evaluated for their effect two cultivars, ‘Chinese Spring’ ‘Yangmai-158’, using Illumina RNA-sequencing technology. RNA-Seq showed that number differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was higher Yangmai-158 than Chinese Spring, suggesting susceptibility to T2SS, most suppressed DEGs related transferase, synthase, oxidase, WRKY, bHLH transcription factors. The gspD significantly decreased development wheat, an active contribution T2SS virulence. Moreover, mutant restored full virulence its multiplication planta by addition trans. T3SS-deficient strain, downregulated associated cytochrome, peroxidases, kinases, phosphatases, ethylene-responsive contrast, upregulated trypsin inhibitors, cell regulators, calcium transporter. Transcriptomic analyses coupled quantitative real-time-PCR indicated some Δ tal1/Δ tal2 compared tal-free but direct interaction observed. These results provide novel insight into transcriptomes response infection pave way understanding host–pathogen interactions.

Language: Английский

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Early transcriptional changes of heavy metal resistance and multiple efflux genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris under copper and heavy metal ion stress

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 9, 2024

Abstract Background Copper-induced gene expression in Xanthomonas campestris pv. (Xcc) is typically evaluated using targeted approaches involving qPCR. The global response to copper stress Xcc and resistance metal induced damage not well understood. However, homologs of heavy efflux genes from the related Stenotrophomonas genus are found which suggests that may also be present. Methods Results Gene strain BrA1 exposed 0.8 mM CuSO 4 .5H 2 O for 15 minutes was captured RNA-seq analysis. Changes noted general responses oxidoreductases, biofilm formation, protein folding chaperones, heat-shock proteins, membrane lipid profile, multiple drug (MDR) transporters, DNA repair were documented. At this timepoint only cohL (copper homeostasis/tolerance) upregulated as a chromosomal czcCBA operon. An additional screen up hrs qPCR conducted wider range metals. Target included cop- containing island putative genes. Several pumps, including associated homolog S. maltophilia , under toxic stress. these pumps other Additionally, temporal coh cop operons observed, demonstrating co-expression tolerance later activation part Conclusions Overall, initial transcriptional focused on combating oxidative stress, mitigating potentially increasing metals biocides. A responsive others might play role broader identified. Furthermore, patterns operon conjunction with allowed better understanding fate ions Xanthomonas. This work provides useful evidence further evaluating MDR metal-specific homeostasis phenotypes genus. non-canonical These findings have implications interpreting MIC differences among strains homologous copLAB genes, survival disease management.

Language: Английский

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Bactericidal effectors of the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia type IV secretion system: functional definition of the nuclease TfdA and structural determination of TfcB

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7)

Published: June 4, 2024

ABSTRACT Stenotrophomonas maltophilia expresses a type IV protein secretion system (T4SS) that promotes contact-dependent killing of other bacteria and does so partly by secreting the effector TfcB. Here, we report structure TfcB, comprising an N-terminal domain similar to catalytic glycosyl hydrolase (GH-19) chitinases C-terminal for recognition translocation T4SS. Utilizing two-hybrid assay measure interactions with T4SS coupling VirD4, documented existence five more substrates. One these was 20845, annotated nuclease. A S. mutant lacking gene 20845 impaired Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Moreover, cloned conferred robust toxicity, recombinant E. being rescued when co-expressed its cognate immunity protein. The 899 amino-acid protein, comprised GHH-nuclease in N-terminus, large central region indeterminant function, C-terminus secretion. Engineered variants had mutations predicted site did not impede indicating antibacterial effect involves nuclease activity. Using flow cytometry DNA staining, determined but variants, confers loss content target bacteria. Database searches revealed uncharacterized homologs occur within range These data indicate interbacterial competition through action multiple toxic effectors, including potent, novel DNase. IMPORTANCE is multi-drug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterium emerging pathogen humans. Patients cystic fibrosis are particularly susceptible infection. In hospital water systems various types infections, co-exists bacteria, pathogens such as We previously demonstrated has functional VirB/D4 VI Since most work on system, this observation remains noteworthy. currently stands alone model human expressing biochemical, genetic, cell biological approaches, now both discovery (TfdA) first structural determination bactericidal (TfcB).

Language: Английский

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Comparative genomics-based insights into Xanthomonas indica , a non-pathogenic species of healthy rice microbiome with bioprotection function

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 90(9)

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas species are major pathogens of plants and have been studied extensively. There is increasing recognition the importance non-pathogenic within same genus. With this came need to understand genomic functional diversity (NPX) at strain level. This study reports isolation investigation into variation in NPX isolates, chiefly indica , a newly discovered from rice. The establishes relationship X. strains clade I Xanthomonads with another species, sontii also associated rice seeds. Identification highly diverse strains, open-pan genome, systematic hyper-variation lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic locus when compared pathogenic indicates acquisition new functions for adaptation. Furthermore, comparative genomics studies established absence virulence genes such as type III secretion system effectors, which present pathogens, presence known bacterial-killing IV (X-T4SS). were found protect bacterial leaf blight pathogen, oryzae pv. (Xoo). phenotype an X-T4SS mutant suggests redundancy genetic basis mechanisms involved bioprotection function, may include multiple loci, putative bacteriocin-encoding gene clusters involvement other factors nutrient niche competition apart induction innate immunity through shared microbial-associated molecular patterns. rice-NPX community its counterpart can be promising model understanding plant-microbe-microbiome interaction studies. IMPORTANCE group bacteria characteristic lifestyle phytopathogen. However, discovery shift bacteria. Multi-strain, in-depth genomic, evolutionary on each these still lacking. provides novel insights genome diversity, dynamics, trends microbiome relatives that form sub-clade. Interestingly, we uncovered species. plant protection property shows their part healthy microbiome. finding open pan-genome large-scale significant role host findings high-quality resources will allow further host-associated microbial health.

Language: Английский

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