Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization consistently favor pathogenic over mutualistic fungi in grassland soils

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 9, 2021

Abstract Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but consequences this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We find nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed four continents promotes relative abundance pathogens, suppresses mutualists, does not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggest responses are often indirect primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient also reduces co-occurrences within among guilds, which could have important belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots received no nutrient addition, properties influence pathogen globally, whereas community characteristics climate show consistent, guild-level enhance our ability predict function related anthropogenic eutrophication, can longer-term

Language: Английский

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Root Growth Adaptation to Climate Change in Crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 8, 2020

Climate change is threatening crop productivity worldwide and new solutions to adapt crops these environmental changes are urgently needed. Elevated temperatures driven by climate affect developmental physiological plant processes that, ultimately, impact on yield quality. Plant roots responsible for water nutrients uptake, but in soil alter this process limiting growth. With the predicted variable climatic forecast, development of an efficient root system better adapted changing conditions crucial enhancing productivity. Root traits associated with improved adaptation rising increasingly being analysed obtain more suitable varieties. In review, we will summarize current knowledge about effect increasing growth their yield. First, describe main alterations architecture that different undergo response warmer soils. Then, outline coordinated metabolic taking place aerial parts modulate global increased temperatures. We discuss some regulatory mechanisms controlling soils, including activation heat oxidative pathways prevent damage cells disruption growth; interplay between hormonal gene expression protein homeostasis. also consider field, usually other abiotic biotic stresses such as drought, salinity, nutrient deficiencies, pathogen infections. present recent advances how able integrate respond complex stimuli order environment. Finally, prospects

Language: Английский

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Development of Wild and Cultivated Plants under Global Warming Conditions

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(24), P. R1326 - R1338

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Fight hard or die trying: when plants face pathogens under heat stress

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 229(2), P. 712 - 734

Published: Sept. 27, 2020

In their natural environment, plants are exposed to biotic or abiotic stresses that occur sequentially simultaneously. Plant responses these have been studied widely and well characterised in simplified systems involving single plant species facing individual stress. Temperature elevation is a major driver of climate change scenarios predicted an increase the number severity epidemics. this context, here we review available data on effect heat stress plant-pathogen interactions. Considering 45 studies performed model crop species, discuss possible implications optimum growth temperature hosts pathogens, mode application variation resistance modulations. Alarmingly, most identified resistances altered under elevation, regardless pathogen species. Therefore, listed current knowledge heat-dependent immune mechanisms thermosensory processes, mainly animals human could help understand outcome interactions elevated temperatures. Based general overview involved integrating multiple with provide recommendations optimise disease identify thermotolerant mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and plant virus epidemiology

Virus Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 286, P. 198059 - 198059

Published: June 16, 2020

Language: Английский

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Deep diagnosis: A real-time apple leaf disease detection system based on deep learning

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 107093 - 107093

Published: May 31, 2022

Language: Английский

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Increasing the resilience of plant immunity to a warming climate

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 607(7918), P. 339 - 344

Published: June 29, 2022

Abstract Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production salicylic acid (SA), a central defence hormone 1–3 , is particularly vulnerable suppression by short periods hot above normal growth temperature range via an unknown mechanism 4–7 . Here we show that SA production in Arabidopsis thaliana at 28 °C independent PHYTOCHROME B 8,9 (phyB) EARLY FLOWERING 3 10 (ELF3), which regulate thermo-responsive development. Instead, found formation GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (GBPL3) defence-activated biomolecular condensates 11 (GDACs) was reduced higher temperature. The altered GDAC vivo linked impaired recruitment GBPL3 SA-associated Mediator subunits promoters CBP60g SARD1 encode master immune transcription factors. Unlike other signalling components, receptor biosynthetic genes, optimized expression sufficient broadly restore production, basal immunity effector-triggered elevated without significant trade-offs. family factors are widely conserved plants 12 These results have implications for safeguarding system as well understanding concept plant–pathogen–environment disease triangle emergence new epidemics warming climate.

Language: Английский

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Soil viral diversity, ecology and climate change

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(5), P. 296 - 311

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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Plant mineral nutrition and disease resistance: A significant linkage for sustainable crop protection

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Complete and balanced nutrition has always been the first line of plant defense due to direct involvement mineral elements in protection. Mineral affect health directly by modulating activity redox enzymes or improving vigor indirectly altering root exudates, changing microflora population dynamics, rhizosphere soil nutrient content, pH fluctuation, lignin deposition, phytoalexin biosynthesis. Nitrogen (N) is one most important macronutrients having a significant impact on host-pathogen axis. N negatively affects plant’s physical along with production antimicrobial compounds, but it significantly alleviates defense-related enzyme levels that can eventually assist systemic resistance. Potassium (K) an essential nutrient, when present adequate concentration, certainly increase polyphenolic concentrations, which play critical role mechanism. Although no distinguished phosphorus (P) observed disease resistance, high P content may susceptibility toward invader. Manganese (Mn) micronutrients, have vital effect photosynthesis, biosynthesis, other metabolic functions. Zinc (Zn) part are involved auxin synthesis, infectivity, phytotoxin, mycotoxin pathogenic microorganisms. Similarly, many nutrients also variable effects enhancing decreasing host onset progression, thereby making integrative indispensable component sustainable agriculture. However, there still factors influencing triple interaction host-pathogen-mineral elements, not yet unraveled. Thereby, review summarized recent progress regarding use macro- micronutrients agriculture their

Language: Английский

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Climate change challenges, plant science solutions

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 24 - 66

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade critical time for action to mitigate worst effects on human populations ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) engineering efficient carbon-capturing carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples research being conducted these areas discuss challenges open questions as call plant community.

Language: Английский

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