Cell and Tissue Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
383(1), P. 207 - 225
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Abstract
Behavioral
flexibility
for
appropriate
action
selection
is
an
advantage
when
animals
are
faced
with
decisions
that
will
determine
their
survival
or
death.
In
order
to
arrive
at
the
right
decision,
evaluate
information
from
external
environment,
internal
state,
and
past
experiences.
How
these
different
signals
integrated
modulated
in
brain,
how
context-
state-dependent
behavioral
controlled
poorly
understood
questions.
Studying
molecules
help
convey
integrate
such
neural
circuits
important
way
approach
Many
years
of
work
model
organisms
have
shown
dopamine
a
critical
neuromodulator
(reward
based)
associative
learning.
However,
recent
findings
vertebrates
invertebrates
demonstrated
complexity
heterogeneity
dopaminergic
neuron
populations
functional
implications
many
adaptive
behaviors
survival.
For
example,
neurons
can
sensory
information,
states,
learned
experience
decision
making
circuitry.
Several
advances
methodologies
availability
synaptic
level
connectome
whole-brain
circuitry
Drosophila
melanogaster
make
fly
attractive
system
study
roles
behavior.
particular,
learning
memory
center—the
mushroom
body—is
richly
innervated
by
enable
it
multi-modal
according
state
context,
modulate
decision-making
Current Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
31(6), P. 1175 - 1191.e6
Published: Jan. 27, 2021
Although
males
and
females
largely
share
the
same
genome
nervous
system,
they
differ
profoundly
in
reproductive
investments
require
distinct
behavioral,
morphological,
physiological
adaptations.
How
can
while
bound
by
both
developmental
biophysical
constraints,
produce
these
sex
differences
behavior?
Here,
we
uncover
a
novel
dimorphism
Drosophila
melanogaster
that
allows
deployment
of
completely
different
behavioral
repertoires
with
minimum
changes
to
circuit
architecture.
Sexual
differentiation
only
small
number
higher
order
neurons
brain
leads
change
connectivity
related
primary
needs
sexes—courtship
pursuit
communal
oviposition
females.
This
study
explains
how
an
apparently
similar
generates
two
sexes
presents
fundamental
principle
neural
organization
may
be
extended
other
species.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 29, 2021
Abstract
To
understand
the
brain
we
must
relate
neurons’
functional
responses
to
circuit
architecture
that
shapes
them.
Here,
present
a
large
connectomics
dataset
with
dense
calcium
imaging
of
millimeter
scale
volume.
We
recorded
activity
from
approximately
75,000
neurons
in
primary
visual
cortex
(VISp)
and
three
higher
areas
(VISrl,
VISal
VISlm)
an
awake
mouse
viewing
natural
movies
synthetic
stimuli.
The
data
were
co-registered
volumetric
electron
microscopy
(EM)
reconstruction
containing
more
than
200,000
cells
0.5
billion
synapses.
Subsequent
proofreading
subset
this
volume
yielded
reconstructions
include
complete
dendritic
trees
as
well
local
inter-areal
axonal
projections
map
up
thousands
cell-to-cell
connections
per
neuron.
release
open-access
resource
scientific
community
including
set
tools
facilitate
retrieval
downstream
analysis.
In
accompanying
papers
describe
our
findings
using
provide
comprehensive
structural
characterization
cortical
cell
types
1–3
most
detailed
synaptic
level
connectivity
diagram
column
date
2
,
uncovering
unique
cell-type
specific
inhibitory
motifs
can
be
linked
gene
expression
4
.
Functionally,
identify
new
computational
principles
how
information
is
integrated
across
space
5
characterize
novel
neuronal
invariances
6
bring
structure
function
together
decipher
general
principle
wires
excitatory
within
7,
8
Cell and Tissue Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
383(1), P. 207 - 225
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Abstract
Behavioral
flexibility
for
appropriate
action
selection
is
an
advantage
when
animals
are
faced
with
decisions
that
will
determine
their
survival
or
death.
In
order
to
arrive
at
the
right
decision,
evaluate
information
from
external
environment,
internal
state,
and
past
experiences.
How
these
different
signals
integrated
modulated
in
brain,
how
context-
state-dependent
behavioral
controlled
poorly
understood
questions.
Studying
molecules
help
convey
integrate
such
neural
circuits
important
way
approach
Many
years
of
work
model
organisms
have
shown
dopamine
a
critical
neuromodulator
(reward
based)
associative
learning.
However,
recent
findings
vertebrates
invertebrates
demonstrated
complexity
heterogeneity
dopaminergic
neuron
populations
functional
implications
many
adaptive
behaviors
survival.
For
example,
neurons
can
sensory
information,
states,
learned
experience
decision
making
circuitry.
Several
advances
methodologies
availability
synaptic
level
connectome
whole-brain
circuitry
Drosophila
melanogaster
make
fly
attractive
system
study
roles
behavior.
particular,
learning
memory
center—the
mushroom
body—is
richly
innervated
by
enable
it
multi-modal
according
state
context,
modulate
decision-making
