Fungal infection of insects: molecular insights and prospects

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 302 - 316

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Role of cell membrane homeostasis in the pathogenicity of pathogenic filamentous fungi

Virulence, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Dec. 29, 2023

The cell membrane forms a fundamental part of all living cells and participates in variety physiological processes, such as material exchange, stress response, recognition, signal transduction, cellular immunity, apoptosis, pathogenicity. Here, we review the mechanisms functions structure (lipid components biosynthesis unsaturated fatty acids), proteins (transmembrane contributing to curvature), transcriptional regulation, wall that influence virulence pathogenicity filamentous fungi.

Language: Английский

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Insect-pathogen crosstalk and the cellular-molecular mechanisms of insect immunity: uncovering the underlying signaling pathways and immune regulatory function of non-coding RNAs

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Multicellular organisms are constantly subjected to pathogens that might be harmful. Although insects lack an adaptive immune system, they possess highly effective anti-infective mechanisms. Bacterial phagocytosis and parasite encapsulation some forms of cellular responses. Insects often defend themselves against infections through a humoral response. This phenomenon includes the secretion antimicrobial peptides into hemolymph. Specific receptors for detecting infection required recognition foreign such as proteins recognize glucans peptidoglycans, together referred PGRPs βGRPs. Activation these leads stimulation signaling pathways which further activates genes encoding peptides. Some instances JAK-STAT, Imd, Toll. The host response frequently accompanies has, however, been circumvented by diseases, may have assisted evolve their own complicated systems. role ncRNAs in insect immunology has discussed several notable studies reviews. paper examines most recent research on regulatory function during insect-pathogen crosstalk, including insect- pathogen-encoded miRNAs lncRNAs, provides overview important effector mechanisms activated diverse pathogen invaders.

Language: Английский

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Cross-talk between immunity and behavior: insights from entomopathogenic fungi and their insect hosts

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Insects are one of the most successful animals in nature, and entomopathogenic fungi play a significant role natural epizootic control insect populations many ecosystems. The interaction between insects has continuously coevolved over hundreds millions years. Many components innate immune responses against fungal infection conserved across phyla. Additionally, behavioral responses, which include avoidance, grooming, and/or modulation body temperature, have been recognized as important mechanisms for opposing pathogens. In an effort to investigate possible cross-talk mediating these fundamental biological processes, recent studies integrated explored responses. Current information indicates that during discrete stages infection, several altered simultaneously, suggesting connections two systems. This review synthesizes advances our understanding physiological molecular aspects influencing antifungal reactions, including chemical perception olfactory pathways.

Language: Английский

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Suppression of Drosophila antifungal immunity by a parasite effector via blocking GNBP3 and GNBP-like 3, the dual receptors for β-glucans

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 113642 - 113642

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The tactics used by animal pathogens to combat host immunity are largely unclear. Here, we report the depiction of virulence-required effector Tge1 deployed entomopathogen Metarhizium robertsii suppress Drosophila antifungal immunity. can target both GNBP3 and GNBP-like 3 (GL3), latter bind β-glucans like GNBP3, whereas glucan binding receptors be attenuated Tge1. As opposed surveillance GL3 is inducible in depending on Toll pathway via a positive feedback loop mechanism. Losses genes result deregulations protease cascade, Spätzle maturation, antimicrobial gene expressions upon fungal challenges. Fly survival assays confirm that plays more essential role than combating infections. In addition evidencing gene-for-gene interactions between fungi insects, our data advance insights into

Language: Английский

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Evolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Abstract Chemosensory tissues exhibit significant between-species variability, yet the evolution of gene expression and cell types underlying this diversity remain poorly understood. To address these questions, we conducted transcriptomic analyses five chemosensory from six Drosophila species integrated findings with single-cell datasets. While stabilizing selection predominantly shapes transcriptomes, thousands genes in each tissue have evolved differences. Genes that changed one often multiple other but at different past epochs are more likely to be type-specific than unchanged genes. Notably, chemosensory-related undergone widespread changes, numerous species-specific gains/losses including novel chemoreceptors patterns. Sex differences also pervasive, a D. melanogaster- specific excess male-biased sensory muscle cells its forelegs. Together, our provide new insights for understanding evolutionary changes both global individual levels.

Language: Английский

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Fights on the surface prior to fungal invasion of insects

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e1011994 - e1011994

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) infect insects by landing on and penetrating cuticles. Emerging evidence has shown that, prior to the invasion of insects, fungal cells have battle overcome diverse challenges, including host behavioral defenses, colonization resistance mediated ectomicrobiotas, recognition, generation enough penetration pressure. The ascomycete EPF such as Metarhizium Beauveria can thus produce adhesive proteins and/or exopolysaccharide mucilage tightly glue Producing antimicrobial peptides chemical compounds enable outcompete cuticular defensive microbes. use divergent membrane receptors, accumulation, quick degradation lipid droplets in conidial help recognize proper hosts build up cellular turgor breach cuticles for systematic invasion. Further investigations are still required unveil multifaceted intricate relationships between insect hosts.

Language: Английский

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Fungal evasion of Drosophila immunity involves blocking the cathepsin-mediated cleavage maturation of the danger-sensing protease

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(3)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Entomopathogenic fungi play a critical role in regulating insect populations, and representative species from the Metarhizium Beauveria genera have been developed as eco-friendly biocontrol agents for managing agricultural pests. Relative to advances understanding antifungal immune responses Drosophila , knowledge of how evade defenses remains limited. In this study, we report identification characterization virulence-required effector Fkp1 robertsii . Library screening protein pull-down analysis unveiled that targets cathepsin protease CtsK1 inhibit its cleavage maturation danger-sensing serine Persephone (Psh), thereby facilitating fungal evasion defenses. The -like gene is also required bassiana infection. Transgenic expression suppressed hemolymph cysteine activity down-regulated genes. can mask Psh site without interfering with ability bait subtilisin proteases. Given evident compensatory relationship, our data indicate cascade more crucial than molecular pattern pathway defending flies against infections. This work reveals evolved distinct effectors block dual recognition pathways sheds lights on mechanisms mediating microbe–animal interactions.

Language: Английский

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Multiple factors contribute to female dominance in migratory bioflows

Open Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Migration is a widely observed phenomenon supported by morphological, physiological and behavioural traits that vary with season sex in many species. Recently, the genetic components underpinning migration marmalade hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) have been unpacked through detection of differentially expressed genes between migrant non-migrant females. Males also migrate, but changing ratios during autumn migration, from around 50% female northern Europe to 90% southern Europe, suggests males are poor long-distance fliers. To elucidate mechanisms this difference, we performed transcriptomic characterization actively migrating females males. Both sexes show similar adaptations including hyperphagia starvation resistance, display higher tolerance cold, lower wing loading values greater flight capacity. In addition, modulate expression involved immunity, hypoxia longevity while suppressing hormonal pathways maintaining reproductive diapause. These contribute success migrants underlie diminishing pool males, influencing population dynamics across huge geographic areas whole migratory overwintering period.

Language: Английский

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Three chemosensory proteins enriched in antennae and tarsi of Rhaphuma horsfieldi differentially contribute to the binding of insecticides

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 199, P. 105797 - 105797

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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