bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 23, 2021
Summary
Numerous
cognitive
functions
including
attention
and
learning
are
influenced
by
the
dynamic
patterns
of
acetylcholine
release
across
brain.
How
mediates
these
in
cortex
remains
unclear,
as
relationship
between
cortical
behavioral
events
has
not
been
precisely
measured
task
learning.
To
dissect
this
relationship,
we
quantified
motor
behavior
sub-second
dynamics
primary
somatosensory
auditory
during
rewarded
sensory
detection
discrimination
tasks.
We
found
that
were
directly
attributable
to
goal-directed
actions
(whisker
motion
licking),
rather
than
delivery
cues
or
rewards.
As
performance
improved
training,
associated
with
first
lick
a
trial
was
strongly
specifically
potentiated.
These
results
show
driven
directed
gather
information
act
upon
it.
Acta Physiologica,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
241(2)
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Despite
dysfunctional
vasoactive
intestinal
polypeptide-positive
interneurons
(VIP-INs)
being
linked
to
the
emergence
of
neurodevelopmental
disorders,
temporal
profile
VIP-IN
functional
maturation
and
cortical
network
integration
remains
unclear.
Postnatal
development
was
traced
with
patch
clamp
experiments
in
somatosensory
cortex
Vip-IRES-cre
x
tdTomato
mice.
Age
groups
were
chosen
during
barrel
field
formation,
before
after
activation
main
sensory
inputs,
adult
animals
(postnatal
days
(P)
P3-4,
P8-10,
P14-16,
P30-36).
Changes
passive
active
membrane
properties
show
a
towards
accelerated
signal
integrations.
Excitatory
inhibitory
postsynaptic
currents
(EPSCs
IPSCs)
showed
progressive
into
networks,
likely
via
synaptogenesis:
mEPSC
frequency
increased
while
mIPSC
at
P14-16.
Only
kinetics
became
accelerated,
E/I
ratio
synaptic
defined
as
charge
transfer,
remained
constant
throughout
investigated
developmental
stages.
Evoked
(e)EPSCs
(e)IPSCs
amplitudes,
only
eIPSCs
demonstrated
faster
kinetics.
eEPSCs
revealed
paired-pulse
facilitation
by
indicating
probably
decrease
presynaptic
release
probability
(pr)
depression
adulthood.
also
latter,
suggesting
pr
for
both
transmission
pathways
this
time
point.
VIP-INs
mature
pursue
different
strategies
avoid
overexcitation.
become
stronger
shorter
pre-
alterations,
promoting
execution
whisking.
Learning & Memory,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
31(6), P. a053870 - a053870
Published: June 1, 2024
Synaptic
potentiation
has
been
linked
to
learning
in
sensory
cortex,
but
the
connection
between
this
and
increased
sensory-evoked
neural
activity
is
not
clear.
Here,
we
used
longitudinal
vivo
Ca
2+
imaging
barrel
cortex
of
awake
mice
test
hypothesis
that
excitatory
synaptic
strength
during
a
whisker-dependent
sensory-association
task
would
be
correlated
with
enhanced
stimulus-evoked
firing.
To
isolate
responses
from
dynamic,
task-related
activity,
was
performed
outside
training
context.
Although
prior
studies
indicate
multiwhisker
stimuli
drive
robust
subthreshold
observed
sparse
activation
L2/3
pyramidal
(Pyr)
neurons
both
control
trained
mice.
Despite
evidence
for
strengthening
at
thalamocortical
intracortical
synapses
brain
area
onset
learning—indeed,
under
our
conditions
axons
were
robustly
activated—we
Pyr
somatosensory
(barrel)
displayed
only
modest
increases
concentrated
training.
Activity
renormalized
over
longer
periods.
In
contrast,
when
rewards
uncoupled
pseudotraining
paradigm,
significantly
suppressed.
These
findings
stimulation
without
coupled
may
briefly
enhance
phenomenon
might
help
link
input
behavioral
outcomes
learning.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 24, 2024
Abstract
Despite
remarkable
progress
in
understanding
the
fundamental
bases
of
itching,
its
cortical
mechanisms
remain
poorly
understood.
Herein,
causal
contributions
defined
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
neuronal
populations
to
acute
itch
modulation
mice
are
established.
Using
cell
type‐specific
manipulations,
opposing
functions
ACC
glutamatergic
and
GABAergic
neurons
regulating
itching
demonstrated.
Photometry
studies
indicated
that
activated
during
scratching
induced
by
both
histamine
chloroquine,
whereas
activation
pattern
is
complicated
subpopulations
modalities.
By
combining
type‐
projection‐specific
techniques,
a
thalamocortical
circuit
further
identified
from
mediodorsal
thalamus
driving
itch‐scratching
cycle
related
histaminergic
non‐histaminergic
which
contingent
on
postsynaptic
parvalbumin‐expressing
ACC.
These
findings
reveal
cellular
signature
orchestrating
behavioral
responses
may
provide
insights
into
therapies
for
itch‐related
diseases.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 21, 2025
ABSTRACT
Detecting
statistical
regularities
in
sound
and
responding
to
violations
of
these
patterns,
termed
novelty
detection,
is
a
core
function
the
auditory
system.
Human
studies
have
shown
that
responses
are
enhanced
regular
compared
random
contexts,
but
underlying
circuit
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Here,
we
examined
how
inhibitory
neurons
contribute
context-dependent
mouse
cortex.
Using
two-photon
calcium
imaging
cortex
awake
head-fixed
male
female
mice,
recorded
neuronal
activity
during
presentation
spectro-temporally
rich
ripple
sounds,
with
novel
ripples
embedded
either
or
sequences.
AC
exhibited
sounds
contexts
ones.
To
identify
mechanisms,
selectively
inactivated
parvalbumin
(PV),
somatostatin
(SST),
vasoactive
intestinal
polypeptide
(VIP)
using
optogenetics
imaging.
Inactivation
PV
SST
broadly
increased
both
contexts.
In
contrast,
VIP
inactivation
reduced
stimuli
context,
abolishing
enhancement.
At
population
level,
inactivating
all
three
subtypes
detectability
stimulus,
inactivation,
shift
was
stronger
for
than
context.
These
findings
reveal
distinct
role
modulating
prediction
error
signals
based
on
temporal
structure,
suggesting
circuits
critical
context-sensitive
processing.
Numerous
cognitive
functions
including
attention
and
learning
are
influenced
by
the
dynamic
patterns
of
acetylcholine
release
across
brain.
How
mediates
these
in
cortex
remains
unclear,
as
relationship
between
cortical
behavioral
events
has
not
been
precisely
measured
task
learning.
To
dissect
this
relationship,
we
quantified
motor
behavior
sub-second
dynamics
primary
somatosensory
auditory
during
rewarded
sensory
detection
discrimination
tasks.
We
found
that
were
directly
attributable
to
goal-directed
actions
(whisker
motion
licking),
rather
than
delivery
cues
or
rewards.
As
performance
improved
training,
associated
with
first
lick
a
trial
was
strongly
specifically
potentiated.
These
results
show
driven
directed
gather
information
act
upon
it.
Numerous
cognitive
functions
including
attention
and
learning
are
influenced
by
the
dynamic
patterns
of
acetylcholine
release
across
brain.
How
mediates
these
in
cortex
remains
unclear,
as
relationship
between
cortical
behavioral
events
has
not
been
precisely
measured
task
learning.
To
dissect
this
relationship,
we
quantified
motor
behavior
sub-second
dynamics
primary
somatosensory
auditory
during
rewarded
sensory
detection
discrimination
tasks.
We
found
that
were
directly
attributable
to
goal-directed
actions
(whisker
motion
licking),
rather
than
delivery
cues
or
rewards.
As
performance
improved
training,
associated
with
first
lick
a
trial
was
strongly
specifically
potentiated.
These
results
show
driven
directed
gather
information
act
upon
it.
