Enigmatic role of auxin response factors in plant growth and stress tolerance

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 10, 2024

Abiotic and biotic stresses globally constrain plant growth impede the optimization of crop productivity. The phytohormone auxin is involved in nearly every aspect development. Auxin acts as a chemical messenger that influences gene expression through short nuclear pathway, mediated by family specific DNA-binding transcription factors known Response Factors (ARFs). ARFs thus act effectors response translate signals into regulation responsive genes. Since initial discovery first ARF Arabidopsis, advancements genetics, biochemistry, genomics, structural biology have facilitated development models elucidating action their contributions to generating responses. Yet, significant gaps persist our understanding despite these endeavors. Unraveling functional roles regulating stress response, alongside genetic molecular mechanisms, still its nascent phase. Here, we review recent research outcomes on ARFs, detailing involvement leaf, flower, root organogenesis development, well responses corresponding regulatory mechanisms: including patterns, characterization, transcriptional, post-transcriptional post- translational across diverse conditions. Furthermore, delineate unresolved questions forthcoming challenges research.

Language: Английский

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The E3 ubiquitin ligase BRG3 and the protein kinase MPK7 antagonistically regulate LBD36 turnover, a key node for integrating nitrate and gibberellin signaling in apple

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2025

Summary Nitrate is the main source of nitrogen in plants. stimulation causes changes plant secondary metabolites, including anthocyanins. However, molecular mechanism underlying how nitrate regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we identified a response factor MdLBD36 apple. This positively regulated deficiency‐induced by promoting transcriptional activity MdABI5, an important regulator anthocyanins, and directly activated MdABI5 expression. The E3 ubiquitin ligase MdBRG3 promoted ubiquitinated degradation to reduce under nitrate‐sufficient conditions. deficiency‐activated MdMPK7 maintained stimulating effect on counteracting MdBRG3‐mediated MdLBD36. coordinated gibberellin (GA) signaling regulate biosynthesis. GA repressor MdRGL2a contributed MdLBD36‐promoted enhancing MdLBD36–MdABI5 interaction increasing activation . summary, our results elucidate framework regulation ubiquitination phosphorylation. study revealed cross talk between provides references for in‐depth exploration signal transduction pathway its interactions with hormones.

Language: Английский

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Auxin synthesis promotes N metabolism and optimizes root structure enhancing N acquirement in maize (Zea mays L.)

Planta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259(2)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Research on the Mechanisms of Phytohormone Signaling in Regulating Root Development

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21), P. 3051 - 3051

Published: Oct. 31, 2024

Phytohormones are organic compounds produced in trace amounts within plants that regulate their physiological processes. Their effects highly complex and diverse. They influence processes ranging from cell division, elongation, differentiation to plant germination rooting. Therefore, phytohormones play a crucial regulatory role growth development. Recently, various studies have highlighted the of PHs, such as auxin, cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), newer classes brassinosteroid (BR) peptide hormone, responses toward environmental stresses. These hormones not only distinct roles at different stages but also interact promote or inhibit each other, thus effectively regulating Roots primary organs for water mineral absorption plants. During seed germination, radicle breaks through coat grows downward form root. This occurs because root needs quickly penetrate soil absorb nutrients, providing essential support plant's subsequent growth. Root development is precisely regulated process influenced by signals. Changes architecture can affect ability nutrients water, which turn impacts crop yield. Thus, studying regulation great significance. Numerous reported on phytohormones, particularly auxins, regulation. paper reviews recent both individually combination, reference researchers this field offering perspectives future research directions improving yields.

Language: Английский

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Two antagonistic gene regulatory networks drive Arabidopsis root hair growth at low temperature linked to a low‐nutrient environment

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Root hair (RH) cells can elongate to several hundred times their initial size, and are an ideal model system for investigating cell size control. Their development is influenced by both endogenous external signals, which combined form integrative response. Surprisingly, a low-temperature condition of 10°C causes increased RH growth in Arabidopsis monocots, even when the rest plant halted. Previously, we demonstrated strong correlation between response significant decrease nutrient availability medium under conditions. However, molecular basis responsible receiving transmitting signals related nutrients soil, relation development, remain largely unknown. We have discovered two antagonic gene regulatory networks (GRNs) controlling early transcriptome responses low temperature. One GNR enhances it commanded transcription factors (TFs) ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6), 6-LIKE 2 4 (RSL2-RSL4) member homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip I) group I 16 (AtHB16). On other hand, second GRN was identified as negative regulator at temperature composed trihelix TF GT2-LIKE1 (GTL1) associated DF1, previously unidentified MYB-like (AT2G01060) members HD-Zip (AtHB3, AtHB13, AtHB20, AtHB23). Functional analysis GRNs highlights complex regulation temperature, more importantly, these discoveries enhance our comprehension how plants synchronize variations cellular level.

Language: Английский

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The crosstalk between nitrate signaling and other signaling molecules in Arabidopsis thaliana

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 10, 2025

Nitrate signaling coordinates the expression of a broad range genes involved in nitrate uptake, transport, and assimilation, playing crucial role plant growth development. Notably, interacts extensively with various messenger molecules, including phytohormones, calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), peptides, sucrose. This crosstalk amplifies optimizes nutrient coordinating developmental processes enhancing stress tolerance. Understanding interactions between these molecules offers valuable insights into improving crop use efficiency (NUE), resilience, agricultural sustainability. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as model, this review consolidates current knowledge on its interplay other pathways that regulate development adaptation. Finally, highlights potential genetic strategies for NUE, contributing to more sustainable practices.

Language: Английский

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Identification and characterization of auxin response factor (ARF) gene family in five Bambusoideae species reveals the role of PedARF 23 in regulating lignin synthesis through auxin signaling

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 142291 - 142291

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Auxin biodynamics and its integral role in enhancing plant resilience to environmental cues

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 177(2)

Published: March 1, 2025

Auxins are essential plant hormones that regulate growth, development, and responses to environmental stressors. Plants frequently encounter challenges such as pests, diseases, high temperatures, drought, salinity, which necessitate adaptive mechanisms for survival. modulate stress-responsive signaling pathways by regulating gene expression interacting with other phytohormones, thereby influencing physiological processes maintain homeostasis under stress conditions. This review elucidates the molecular through auxins mediate biotic abiotic stresses. The findings indicate pivotal in activating defense pathways. Differential of auxin-related genes has been observed various crops conditions, underscoring their role enhancing resistance against pathogens improving drought tolerance. Additionally, influence root architecture growth responses, facilitating adaptations trichome development herbivory. Moreover, interplay between auxin phytohormones is crucial effective responses. Overall, play a multifaceted enabling plants cope stresses mechanisms. Understanding these complex involving can inform future research aimed at engineering resilient varieties capable thriving changing climates. Further studies needed clarify specific functions contexts develop practical applications crop improvement.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the puzzle of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) acting on root hair cells

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 75(15), P. 4589 - 4598

Published: June 3, 2024

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential signaling molecules that enable cells to respond rapidly a range of stimuli. The ability plants recognize various stressors, incorporate variety environmental inputs, and initiate stress-response networks depends on ROS. Plants develop resilience defensive systems as result these processes. Root hairs central components root biology since they increase the surface area root, anchor it in soil, its absorb water nutrients, foster interactions between microorganisms. In this review, we specifically focused hair highlighted identification ROS receptors, important new regulatory hubs connect production, transport, context two hormonal pathways (auxin ethylene) under low temperature input related nutrients. As play crucial role regulating cell elongation rates, gaining traction very valuable single plant model for investigating homeostasis signaling. These promising findings might soon facilitate development roots more resilient stressors.

Language: Английский

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Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses provide new insights into cassava in response to nitrogen deficiency

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Nitrogen deficiency is a key constraint on crop yield. Cassava, the world's sixth-largest food and crucial source of feed industrial materials, can thrive in marginal soils, yet its yield still significantly affected by limited nitrogen availability. Investigating cassava's response mechanisms to scarcity therefore essential for advancing molecular breeding identifying nitrogen-efficient varieties. This research undertook comprehensive analysis cassava seedlings' physiological, gene expression, metabolite responses under low stress. Findings revealed that drastically suppressed seedling growth, reduced nitrate ammonium transport aerial parts, led marked increase carbohydrate, reactive oxygen species, ion levels leaves. Transcriptomic metabolomic analyses further demonstrated notable alterations genes metabolites linked carbon metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, purine metabolic pathway. Additionally, several transcription factors associated with biosynthesis nitrogen-deficient conditions were identified. Overall, this study offers fresh insights valuable genetic resources unraveling adaptive deprivation.

Language: Английский

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