Prior Information Shapes Perceptual Confidence

Journal of Cognition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Decisional confidence refers to the subjective evaluation of accuracy a decision based on sensory information. While these judgments are typically grounded in strength evidence leading decision, they also subjected influence from top-down factors such as prior expectations. Previous research has highlighted impact information parameters reaction times and criteria placement. However, comprehensive understanding how shapes ratings is still lacking. In this study, we manipulate knowledge by inducing varying levels target probability expectation (low: 33%, random: 50%, high: 67%) perceptual detection task. each trial both type-1 (detection) type-2 (confidence) responses were recorded. First, replicate previous findings, demonstrating that decisional priors but not task sensitivity. Secondly, reveal strong effect expectations exert decisions, with being moderated congruency between given prior, actual stimulus presented, provided response. Moreover, find higher correct compared incorrect responses, low-probability trials choices random liberal trials. Finally, unveil prior-dependent modulation rates criterion positively associated. These results underscore intricate interplay expectations, decision-making, levels, what perceive solely data-driven phenomenon can be already shaped available about state world.

Language: Английский

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A Neural Device Inspired by Neuronal Oscillatory Activity with Intrinsic Perception and Decision‐Making

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Bionic neural devices often feature complex structures with multiple interfaces, requiring extensive post‐processing. In this paper, a device intrinsic perception and decision‐making (NDIPD), inspired by neuronal oscillatory activity is introduced. The utilizes alternating signals generated coupling the human body power‐frequency electromagnetic field as both signal source energy source, mimicking activity. peaks valleys of are differentially modulated to replicate baseline shift process in By comparing amplitude NDIPD's electrical output signal, achieves regarding location mechanical stimulation. This accomplished using single interface, which reduces data transmission, simplifies functionality, eliminates need for an external power supply. NDIPD demonstrates low‐pressure detection limit (<0.02 N), fast response time (<20 ms), exceptional stability (>200 000 cycles). It shows great potential applications such game control, UAV navigation, virtual vehicle driving. innovative supply method sensing mechanism expected open new avenues development bionic devices.

Language: Английский

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Parietal alpha stimulation causally enhances attentional information coding in evoked and oscillatory activity

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Highlights•Both ERPs and alpha oscillations code various information in attention.•Parietal TMS entrained activity affected ERPs.•Parietal specifically improved coding about where to attend.•Parietal did not affect related what attend or visual features.•TMS-induced decoding improvements predicted changes behavioural performance.AbstractBackgroundSelective attention is a fundamental cognitive mechanism that allows people prioritise task-relevant while ignoring irrelevant information. Previous research has suggested key roles of parietal event-related potentials (ERPs) oscillatory responses tasks. However, the informational content these signals less clear, their causal effects on multiple task elements are yet unresolved.ObjectiveTo test different types attentional (where attend, to, stimulus).MethodsWe first used EEG examine temporal dynamics Then, we applied rhythmic-TMS (rh-TMS) at individual frequency over right intraparietal sulcus (IPS), concurrently measuring EEG, causally manipulate power investigate features selective task.ResultsEEG-only data coded all three with distinct dynamics, carried regarding both to. TMS-EEG results indicated that, compared arrhythmic-TMS, rh-TMS increased inter-trial phase coherence yielded more negative posterior-contralateral ERPs. Moreover, multivariate (but feature information) during performance, predicting performance.ConclusionsThese findings illuminate which complementary aspects encoded evoked brain activity. they reveal specific role IPS-controlled carrying behaviour-driving exclusively focus attention.

Language: Английский

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Backward alpha oscillations shape perceptual bias under probabilistic cues

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract Predictive coding theory suggests that prior knowledge is crucial for optimizing human decision-making, with recent studies emphasizing the role of alpha-band oscillations in this process. Here, we employed a traveling waves approach to investigate how alpha integrate expectations during perceptual decision-making task. Our findings demonstrated expectation-based triggers propagation from frontal occipital areas, increase associated enhanced modulation brain regions involved stimulus processing and directly linked prior-driven bias at behavioral level. Moreover, participants who relied more on exhibited stronger top-down signaling, whereas those focused sensory input showed contrasting forward signaling pattern. These results highlight predictive mechanisms, suggesting rhythmic interactions across facilitate process contribute inter-individual differences its implementation.

Language: Английский

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Silicon Spike: An Arduino-based low-cost and open-access triggerbox to precisely control TMS devices

Behavior Research Methods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 57(5)

Published: April 15, 2025

Abstract Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used tool in the field of clinical and cognitive neuroscience. To exploit its excellent temporal properties, TMS usually relies on triggerbox devices, which temporize delivery pulses according to paradigm requirements. However, main limitation most devices that they rely solely experimental computer processor, might add uncertainty delivering pulse when computer’s resources are drained by other or task execution itself, especially during repetitive dual-coil protocols. We aimed at developing low-cost easily reproducible device could overcome these limitations relying an external processor handle timing precision. Arduino Uno R4 Minima build Silicon Spike, ($60) device. tested device’s precision under different working load conditions, impact over time. All tests were ecological, real dual-coil, repetitive, patterned obtained extremely high (< 0.022 ms) all tests. This means that, for smaller longer latencies, error remains negligible studies. Thus, Spike demonstrated microsecond handling delivery, establishing itself as simple yet precise freely provide source code hardware schematics, allowing anyone reproduce our work.

Language: Английский

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Feature specific neuronal oscillations in cortical layers

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract The particular role of cortical oscillations has been a long-debated topic that resulted in variety theoretical frameworks. Oscillatory activity the α band associated with sensory processing, attention as well other cognitive functions, while γ is thought to be related stimulus feature processing. Current frameworks rely on separation architecture into layers. Recently, methodological advancements have allowed test layer specific computations healthy human participants. Using EEG-fMRI, we investigated for first time both, specificity (line orientation) and relationship between laminar BOLD oscillations. We find positively correlated feature-specific signals superficial layers predicted by literature, but found deep contribution well. Furthermore (and frequency) dissociation within general, unspecific, processes process. power -band negatively unspecific neural all further high frequency were specifically signal More interestingly, also observed general modulation effect negative deflections line inhibitory during visual Those findings support association processing point towards involvement multiple more processes.

Language: Английский

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Characterising time-on-task effects on oscillatory and aperiodic EEG components and their co-variation with visual task performance.

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract Research on brain-behaviour relationships often makes the implicit assumption that these derive from a co-variation of stochastic fluctuations in brain activity and performance across trials an experiment. However, challenging this assumption, oscillatory activity, as well indicators performance, such response speed, can show systematic trends with time task. Here we tested whether time-on-task explain range between accuracy decision confidence. Thirty-six participants performed 900 two-alternative forced choice visual discrimination task confidence ratings. Pre- post-stimulus spectral power (1-40Hz) aperiodic (i.e., non-oscillatory) components were compared blocks experimental session for behavioural performance. We found effects EEG primarily localised within alpha band, increasing peak frequency decreasing over time, even when controlling contributions. Aperiodic, broadband other hand did not our data set. Importantly, explained variability single-trial reaction times, effectively removed relationships. affect signatures including predictors Our results dissociate alpha-band be away by those remain after accounting it - thereby further specifying potential functional roles human perception.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Formation of a Posterior-to-Anterior Peak-Alpha-Frequency Gradient Driven by Two Distinct Processes

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. ENEURO.0273 - 24.2024

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Peak-alpha frequency varies across individuals and mental states, but it also forms a negative gradient from posterior to anterior regions in association with increases cortical thickness connectivity, reflecting hierarchy temporal integration. Tracking the spatial standard deviation of peak-alpha scalp EEG, we observed that posterior-to-anterior dynamically formed dissolved. Periods high yielded robustly gradients—the “gradient state”—while periods low globally converged frequency—the “uniform state.” The state variations were characterized by combination slow (0.3–0.5 Hz) oscillations random-walk-like fluctuations. They relatively independently correlated power central driven (together accounting for ∼50% variations), suggesting two distinct mechanisms modulate variations: an mechanism directly adjusts frequencies posterior–central indirectly them influencing synchronization. likely reflect general operations as their spatiotemporal characteristics remained unchanged while participants engaged variety tasks (breath focus, vigilance, working memory, arithmetic, generative thinking) eyes closed or watched silent nature video. ongoing may balance global processing modes, one facilitates greater integration (and potentially information influx) toward other flexible communication (via phase locking) uniform state.

Language: Английский

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The causal roles of parietal alpha oscillations and evoked potentials in coding task-relevant information during selective attention

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Abstract Selective attention is a fundamental cognitive mechanism that allows people to prioritise task-relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information. Previous research has suggested key roles of parietal evoked potentials and alpha oscillatory responses in spatial tasks. However, the informational content these signals less clear, their causal effects on coding multiple task elements are yet unresolved. Here, we used concurrent TMS-EEG causally manipulate power investigate features ( where attend , what visual stimulus ) selective task. First, using EEG-only data, found coded all three types with distinct temporal dynamics, oscillations carried regarding both to. Then, applied rhythmic-TMS (rTMS) at individual frequency over right intraparietal sulcus (IPS), concurrently measuring EEG. Compared control arrhythmic-TMS, rTMS increased inter-trial phase coherence yielded more negative posterior-contralateral potentials. Moreover, specifically improved multivariate decoding about (but not or feature during performance, improvements predicting changes behavioural performance. These findings illuminate dynamics which complementary aspects encoded brain activity. they reveal specific role IPS-controlled activity carrying behaviour-driving focus attention.

Language: Английский

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Local and interareal alpha and low-beta band oscillation dynamics underlie the bilateral field advantage in visual working memory

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Visual working memory has a limited maximum capacity, which can be larger if stimuli are presented bilaterally vs. unilaterally. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying this bilateral field advantage not known. capacity is predicted by oscillatory delay-period activity, specifically, decrease in alpha (8 to 12 Hz) band amplitudes posterior brain regions reflecting attentional deployment and related shifts excitation, as well concurrent increase of prefrontal oscillation interareal synchronization multiple frequencies active maintenance information. Here, we asked whether suppression or enhancement explains advantage. We recorded activity with high-density electroencephalography, while subjects (n = 26, 14 males) performed visual task uni- stimuli. The was associated early low-alpha (6 10 alpha-beta (10 17 amplitudes, subsequent amplitude increase, which, along load-dependent high-alpha 15 Hz), correlated hit rates reaction times thus higher capacities than unilateral memory. These results demonstrate that electrophysiological basis both changes enhanced integration.

Language: Английский

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