Relatlimab: a novel drug targeting immune checkpoint LAG-3 in melanoma therapy

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Relatlimab is a type of human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal blocking antibody. It the world's first Lymphocyte-Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3) inhibitor and third immune checkpoint with clinical application, following PD-1 CTLA-4. can bind to LAG-3 receptor which blocks interaction between its ligand reduce pathway-mediated immunosuppression promote T-cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell death. On 18 March 2022, U.S. FDA approved fixed-dose combination relatlimab developed by Bristol Myers Squibb nivolumab, under brand name Opdualag for treatment unresectable or metastatic melanoma in adult pediatric patients aged 12 older. This study comprehensively describes mechanism action trials brief overview drugs currently used melanoma.

Language: Английский

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MXene-Polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Antibody Complex as a Strategy for Targeted Ablation of Melanoma

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(33), P. 43302 - 43316

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a method for eradicating tumor tissues through the use of photothermal materials and photosensitizing agents that absorb light energy from laser sources convert it into heat, which selectively targets destroys cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. MXenes have been intensively investigated as PTT. However, achieving selectivity to remains challenge. Specific antibodies (Ab) against antigens can achieve homing toward cells, but their immobilization on MXene received little attention. Here, we offer strategy selective ablation melanoma using MXene-polydopamine-antiCEACAM1 Ab complexes. We coated Ti3C2Tx with polydopamine (PDA), natural compound attaches surface, followed by conjugation an anti-CEACAM1 Ab. Our experiments confirm biocompatibility Ti3C2Tx-PDA Ti3C2Tx-PDA-antiCEACAM1 complexes across various cell types. also established protocol CEACAM1-positive near-infrared irradiation. The obtained exhibit high efficiency in targeting eliminating CEACAM1-negative cells. These results demonstrate potential MXene-PDA-Ab therapy. They underline critical role targeted therapies oncology, offering promising avenue precise safe treatment possibly other cancers characterized specific biomarkers. Future research will aim refine these clinical use, paving way new strategies treatment.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Melanoma: From Genetic Insights to Therapeutic Innovations

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1851 - 1851

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Advances in melanoma research have unveiled critical insights into its genetic and molecular landscape, leading to significant therapeutic innovations. This review explores the intricate interplay between alterations, such as mutations BRAF, NRAS, KIT, pathogenesis. The MAPK PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways are highlighted for their roles tumor growth resistance mechanisms. Additionally, this delves impact of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation histone changes, on progression. microenvironment, characterized by immune cells, stromal soluble factors, plays a pivotal role modulating behavior treatment responses. Emerging technologies like single-cell sequencing, CRISPR-Cas9, AI-driven diagnostics transforming research, offering precise personalized approaches treatment. Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors mRNA vaccines, has revolutionized therapy enhancing body’s response. Despite these advances, mechanisms remain challenge, underscoring need combined therapies ongoing achieve durable comprehensive overview aims highlight current state transformative impacts advancements clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Parasites revive hope for cancer therapy

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Sentinel lymph node risk prognostication in primary cutaneous melanoma through tissue-based profiling, potentially redefining the need for sentinel lymph node biopsy

European Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 113989 - 113989

Published: March 8, 2024

The role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLNB) is pivotal in the contemporary staging cutaneous melanoma. In this review, we examine advanced molecular testing platforms like gene expression profiling (GEP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) as tools for predicting prognosis sentinel lymph nodes. We compare these innovative approaches with traditional assessments. Additionally, delve into shared genetic protein markers between GEP IHC tests their relevance to melanoma biology, exploring prognostic predictive characteristics. Finally, assess alternative methods potentially obviate need SLNB altogether.

Language: Английский

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Hypericin-Based Photodynamic Therapy Displays Higher Selectivity and Phototoxicity towards Melanoma and Squamous Cell Cancer Compared to Normal Keratinocytes In Vitro

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16897 - 16897

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the potential hypericin, a naturally occurring photosensi-tizer, for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in skin cancer, investigating its phototoxic effects and mechanisms action cancer cells compared normal keratinocytes, squamous cell (SCC-25) melanoma (MUG-Mel2) cells. Hypericin applied at concentrations ranging from 0.1–40 μM HaCaT, SCC-25, MUG-Mel2 After 24 h incubation, were exposed orange light 3.6 J/cm2 or 7.2 J/cm2. Phototoxicity assessed using MTT SRB tests. Cellular uptake measured by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-positive estimated through TUNEL apoptotic bodies’ visualization. exhibited higher reaction keratinocytes after irradiation. Cancer demonstrated increased selective hypericin. Apoptosis observed SCC-25 following PDT. Our findings suggest that hypericin-based PDT is promising less invasive approach treating cancer. reaction, cells, proapoptotic properties support role treatment.

Language: Английский

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Single-cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Role of Cancer-associated Fibroblasts in Skin Melanoma

Current Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(42), P. 7015 - 7029

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Mechanism of fibroblasts in skin melanoma (SKME) revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Language: Английский

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Modern methods of non-invasive diagnosis and prevention of melanoma

Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 102(11-12), P. 812 - 823

Published: March 7, 2025

This article discusses modern non-invasive methods for diagnosing melanoma and its prevention. The use of contemporary diagnostic techniques significantly improves the accuracy clinical diagnosis, which facilitates early detection malignant skin tumors reduces need unnecessary surgical interventions. focus is on advanced technologies that allow disease at stages, substantially increases chances successful treatment decreases risk mortality. Objective . aim this work to analyze evaluate effectiveness preventive measures aimed reducing frequency late diagnoses increasing public awareness risks disease. Material analyzes such as dermatoscopy, confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, other innovative like quantitative infrared thermography. results study show application enhances contributing a reduction in mortality decrease Conclusion Late diagnosis often leads errors by specialists various fields ineffectiveness therapy provided. Preventive measures, including primary secondary prevention methods, are crucial aspects occurrence possible protective measures.

Language: Английский

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Functionalized Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Enhance Penetration into Melanoma Spheroids In Vivo through Angiogenesis

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

Abstract Angiogenesis is a crucial step in tumor progression, including melanoma, making anti‐angiogenic strategies widely explored treatment approach. However, both innate and acquired resistance to these therapies suggest that this approach may need re‐evaluation. Nanoparticles have gained attention for their potential enhance drug delivery retention within tumors via the bloodstream. vitro screening of nanoparticles limited by inability preclinical models replicate complex microenvironment, especially blood supply. Here, it demonstrated melanoma cells embedded Matrigel spheroids can engraft be vascularized chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fertilized chicken eggs. This model allows assessment nanoparticle toxicity accumulation spheroids, as well functional effects such angiogenesis. Cerium oxide (nanoceria) surface functionalized derivatives are biomedical applications due ability modulate oxidative stress observed heparin nanoceria penetrate CAM promote spheroid vascularization greater extent than alone. study aids development cancer provides new insight into interplay between coatings biological effects.

Language: Английский

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Replicon RNA vaccines: design, delivery, and immunogenicity in infectious diseases and cancer

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: April 17, 2025

Replicon RNA (RepRNA) represents a cutting-edge technology in the field of vaccinology, fundamentally transforming vaccine design and development. This innovative approach facilitates induction robust immune responses against range infectious diseases cancers. RepRNA vaccines leverage inherent capabilities RNA-dependent polymerase associated with self-replicating repRNA, allowing for extreme replication within host cells. process enhances antigen production subsequently stimulates adaptive immunity. Additionally, generation double-stranded during can activate innate responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that repRNA elicit potent humoral cellular are broader more durable than those generated by conventional mRNA vaccines. These significant been shown to provide protection various models article will explore delivery vaccines, mechanisms activation, preclinical addressing tumors, related clinical trials focus on safety immunogenicity.

Language: Английский

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