Current Opinion in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 30, 2024
The
immune
system
is
of
pivotal
importance
with
regard
to
the
development
and
maintenance
mental
illness.
Aberrant
cytokine
levels
are
significant
markers,
research
increasingly
focusing
on
complement
gut-brain
axis.
efficacy
safety
immunomodulatory
interventions
currently
subject
clinical
studies.
Hence,
this
review
timeline
relevant
evaluate
latest
evidence
value
treatments
from
studies
over
past
18
months
in
schizophrenia,
bipolar
disorder
unipolar
depression.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(49)
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
Ketamine
has
emerged
as
a
transformative
and
mechanistically
novel
pharmacotherapy
for
depression.
Its
rapid
onset
of
action,
efficacy
treatment-resistant
symptoms,
protection
against
relapse
distinguish
it
from
prior
antidepressants.
discovery
reconceptualization
the
neurobiology
depression
and,
in
turn,
insights
elaboration
its
mechanisms
action
inform
studies
pathophysiology
related
disorders.
It
been
25
y
since
we
first
presented
our
ketamine
findings
Thus,
is
timely
this
review
to
consider
what
have
learned
suggest
future
directions
optimization
rapid-acting
antidepressant
treatment.
Pharmacological Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
207, P. 107322 - 107322
Published: July 20, 2024
Depression
is
a
common
mental
disorder,
the
effective
treatment
of
which
remains
challenging
issue
worldwide.
The
clinical
pathogenesis
depression
has
been
deeply
explored,
leading
to
formulation
various
pathogenic
hypotheses.
Among
these,
monoamine
neurotransmitter
hypothesis
holds
prominent
position,
yet
it
significant
limitations
as
more
than
one-third
patients
do
not
respond
conventional
treatments
targeting
transmission
disturbances.
Over
past
few
decades,
growing
body
research
highlighted
link
between
inflammation
and
potential
key
factor
in
pathophysiology
depression.
In
this
review,
we
first
summarize
relationship
depression,
with
focus
on
pathophysiological
changes
mediated
by
mechanisms
linking
well
multiple
anti-inflammatory
strategies
are
also
discussed,
their
efficacy
safety
assessed.
This
review
broadens
perspective
specific
aspects
using
for
treating
laying
groundwork
advancing
precision
medicine
individuals
suffering
from
"inflamed"
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: May 3, 2023
“Learned
helplessness”
refers
to
debilitating
outcomes,
such
as
passivity
and
increased
fear,
that
follow
an
uncontrollable
adverse
event,
but
do
not
when
event
is
controllable.
The
original
explanation
argued
events
are
the
animal
learns
outcomes
independent
of
its
behavior,
this
active
ingredient
in
producing
effects.
Controllable
events,
contrast,
fail
produce
these
because
they
lack
uncontrollability
element.
Recent
work
on
neural
basis
helplessness,
however,
takes
opposite
view.
Prolonged
exposure
aversive
stimulation
per
se
produces
debilitation
by
potent
activation
serotonergic
neurons
brainstem
dorsal
raphe
nucleus.
Debilitation
prevented
with
instrumental
controlling
response,
which
activates
prefrontal
circuitry
detecting
control
subsequently
blunting
nucleus
response.
Furthermore,
learning
alters
response
future
thereby
preventing
long-term
resiliency.
general
implications
neuroscience
findings
may
apply
psychological
therapy
prevention,
particular
suggesting
importance
cognitions
control,
rather
than
habits
control.
