Workplace and non-workplace cannabis use and the risk of workplace injury: Findings from a longitudinal study of Canadian workers DOI Creative Commons
Nancy Carnide, Victoria Landsman,

Hyunmi Lee

et al.

Can J Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 114(6), P. 947 - 955

Published: July 31, 2023

Abstract Objectives Findings of previous studies examining the relationship between cannabis use and workplace injury have been conflicting, likely due to methodological shortcomings, including cross-sectional designs exposure measures that lack consideration for timing use. The objective was estimate association (before and/or at work) non-workplace risk injury. Methods Canadian workers participating in a yearly longitudinal study (from 2018 2020) with least two adjacent years survey data comprised analytic sample ( n = 2745). past-year (no use, use). outcome (yes/no). Absolute risks relative (RR) 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated one time point following point. Models adjusted personal work variables also stratified by whether respondents’ jobs safety-sensitive. Results Compared no there difference (RR 1.09, 95%CI 0.83–1.44). However, associated an almost two-fold increased experiencing 1.97, 1.32–2.93). similar safety-sensitive non-safety-sensitive work. Conclusion It is important distinguish when considering safety impacts implications policies substantiate need worker education on

Language: Английский

The implementation and public health impacts of cannabis legalization in Canada: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Wayne Hall, Daniel Stjepanović, Danielle Dawson

et al.

Addiction, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118(11), P. 2062 - 2072

Published: June 28, 2023

Abstract Aims We provide a narrative summary of research on changes in cannabis arrests, products and prices, use cannabis‐related harm since legalization. Methods systematically searched for the impacts legalization Canada PubMed, Embase, Statistics government websites Google Scholar, published between 2006 2021. Results Cannabis has been followed by substantial reductions arrests prices. It also increased adults’ access to diverse range products, including edibles extracts. The prevalence among young adults increased, but there have no marked increases or decreases high school students daily near‐daily use. Legalization associated with adult hospital attendances psychiatric distress vomiting, unintentional ingestion edible children hospitalizations disorders adults. There is conflicting evidence whether cannabis‐impaired driving suggestive that presentations emergency departments psychoses may Conclusions appears reduced variety more potent at lower Since 2019, recent modestly not adolescents. acute adverse effects children.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Cannabis Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults: a Scoping Review DOI Creative Commons
Melissa B. Harrell, Stephanie L. Clendennen, Aslesha Sumbe

et al.

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 217 - 234

Published: May 7, 2022

Abstract Purpose of Review The purpose this review was to describe the state-of-the-literature on research specific cannabis vaping among youth and young adults. Recent Findings Out 1801 records identified, a total 202 articles met eligibility criteria for inclusion in review. Most literature (46.0% studies) health effects vaping, particularly EVALI (e-cigarette associated lung injury). Other areas identified included etiology (24.3%) epidemiology (24.8%) addition regulation (8.4%) marketing (5.5%) same. Summary Cannabis is increasingly common adults more prevalent settings where recreational use has been legalized. documents number negative people, along with risk factors reasons

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Access to legal cannabis market in Canada over the four years following non‐medical cannabis legalisation DOI Creative Commons
Daniel T. Myran, Erik Loewen Friesen, Sarah Dickson

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(5), P. 1114 - 1119

Published: March 18, 2023

Abstract Introduction An increasing number of countries are inthe process legalising non‐medical cannabis. We described how the legal market has changed over first 4 years following legalisation in Canada. Methods collected longitudinal data on operating status and location all cannabis stores Canada for legalisation. examined per capita sales, store closures, drive time between each neighbourhood compared measures public private retail systems. Results Four after legalisation, there were 3305 open (10.6 100,000 individuals aged 15+ years). Canadians spent $11.85CAD a month individual years, 59% neighbourhoods within 5‐minute store. Over sales increased year by an average 122.3% 91.7%, respectively, with larger increases versus systems (4.01 times greater 2.46 sales). The annual increase during 3 was 6.0 15.5 greater, than fourth 7% locations permanently closed. Discussion Conclusion expanded enormously considerable variation access jurisdictions. rapid expansion implications evaluation health impacts

Language: Английский

Citations

31
The impact of legal cannabis availability on cannabis use and health outcomes: A systematic review DOI
Jakob Manthey, Britta M. Jacobsen, Tobias Hayer

et al.

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 104039 - 104039

Published: April 29, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use DOI Creative Commons
Petter Grahl Johnstad

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Background There are well-established literatures documenting the associations between mental disorders and unhealthy behaviors such as poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, cannabis tobacco use. Few studies have attempted to understand respective findings in light of each other, however. Objective The purpose this review was assemble comparable data for behavior-disorder association assess terms their overall strength. aimed include a representative, but not exhaustive, range that would allow explorative comparisons. Methods Eligible were identified via Pubmed searches citation searching, restricted publications no older than 2015 written English. To obtain data, only reported odds ratios included, risk bias related study samples, behavioral measurement disparities, control variables assessed sensitivity analyses. Findings disorder compared on basis different measures central tendency. Results From 3,682 records, 294 included. found evidence four psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), post-traumatic stress (PTSD), while personality investigated relation In comparison, generally similar strength, use exceptional being significantly stronger its counterparts across behaviors. Analyses some influence from disparities lack adequate statistical control, robust Conclusion This comparative about equally strongly associated with disorders. Given general nature these associations, we should probably them reflect shared etiology. However, be regarded tentative until confirmed by more comprehensive investigations.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Changes in health harms due to cannabis following legalisation of non‐medical cannabis in Canada in context of cannabis commercialisation: A scoping review DOI
Daniel T. Myran, Sameer Imtiaz,

Lauren Konikoff

et al.

Drug and Alcohol Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 277 - 298

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

Abstract Issue On 17 October 2018, Canada legalised non‐medical cannabis. Critically, the cannabis market in has changed considerably since legalisation. In this scoping review, we identified available evidence on changes cannabis‐related health harms following legalisation and contextualised findings based legal indicators. Approach Electronic searches were conducted to identify studies that compared pre‐ post‐legalisation. We each study by mean per capita stores sales during period means 2021—3 years Implications Conclusions Some measures of have increased but date captured periods relatively low maturity. Longer‐term monitoring as continues expand is indicated.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Recommendations for Reducing the Risk of Cannabis Use-Related Adverse Psychosis Outcomes: A Public Mental Health-Oriented Evidence Review DOI Creative Commons
Benedikt Fischer, Wayne Hall, Thiago Marques Fidalgo

et al.

Journal of Dual Diagnosis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2-3), P. 71 - 96

Published: July 3, 2023

Objective: Cannabis use is increasingly normalized; psychosis a major adverse health outcome. We reviewed evidence on cannabis use-related risk factors for outcomes at different stages toward recommendations reduction by individuals involved in use. Methods: searched primary databases pertinent literature/data 2016 onward, principally relying reviews and high-quality studies which were narratively summarized quality-graded; developed international expert consensus. Results: Genetic risks, mental health/substance problem histories elevate the risks cannabis-related psychosis. Early age-of-use-onset, frequency-of-use, product composition (i.e., THC potency), mode other substance co-use all influence risks; protective effects of CBD are uncertain. Continuous may adversely affect psychosis-related treatment medication effects. Risk factor combinations further amplify odds outcomes. Conclusions: Reductions identified factors—short abstinence—may decrease related outcomes, thereby protect users' health.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Understanding youth and young adult cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: a scoping review on a public health issue DOI Creative Commons
Toula Kourgiantakis,

Ragave Vicknarajah,

Judith Logan

et al.

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 17, 2024

Abstract Background Canada legalized recreational cannabis in 2018, and one of the primary objectives Cannabis Act was to protect youth by reducing their access providing public education. has highest prevalence use worldwide, particularly among young adults under age 25. is linked with many adverse effects for including psychosis, anxiety, depression, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, impaired cognitive performance. Despite high evolution policies globally, significant knowledge research gaps remain regarding adult use. The aim this scoping review map extent, nature, range evidence available on since its legalization, order strengthen policies, services, treatments, training, education strategies. Methods Using a framework developed Arksey O’Malley, along PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted rigorous search five academic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Web Science Core Collection. We included empirical studies that collected data after legalization (October 2018) focused or < 30. Two reviewers independently screened articles two stages extracted relevant information from meeting inclusion criteria. Results Of 47 our criteria, 92% used quantitative methods, 6% were qualitative, 2% mixed-methods approach. Over two-thirds (68%) secondary data. These categorized into six focus areas: (1) prevalence, patterns, trends, (2) cannabis-related injuries emergency department (ED) visits, (3) rates patterns during pandemic, (4) perceptions use, (5) prevention tools, (6) offenses. Key findings reviewed include an increase 18-24-year-olds post-legalization, mixed results 18. ED visits intentional unintentional have increased children teens. Perception show mix concern normalization Though limited, are promising raising awareness. A decline offenses noted study. highlights several gaps, need more qualitative data, disaggregation demographic intervention research, comprehensive physical mental health impacts adults. Conclusion Maintaining approach critical, This involves implementing strategies minimize harms, enhancing education, minimizing commercialization, cannabis, promoting guidelines lower-risk harm reduction strategies, increasing training healthcare providers.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Adolescents' Cannabis Knowledge and Risk Perception: A Systematic Review DOI Open Access
Megan Harrison, Nuray Kanbur,

Kyle Canton

et al.

Journal of Adolescent Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(3), P. 402 - 440

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Content Analysis of the Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of 9 Major Cannabis Companies in Canada and the US DOI Creative Commons
Tanner Wakefield, Stanton A. Glantz, Dorie E. Apollonio

et al.

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. e2228088 - e2228088

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

Importance The cannabis industry has sought to normalize itself and expand its markets in the 21st century. One strategy used by companies generate positive public relations is corporate social responsibility (CSR). It critical understand these efforts influence politicians given risks of increased use. Objectives To analyze CSR behaviors, determine their characteristics, compare practices with those tobacco industry. Design, Setting, Participants This qualitative study activities conducted between January 1, 2012, December 31, 2021, evaluated 9 10 largest publicly traded US Canada. Data were collected from August 1 2021. 10th company was excluded because it engaged cannabis-based pharmaceutical sales but not CSR. A systematic review websites Nexis Uni performed, resulting collection 153 news articles, press releases, Web pages. Charitable philanthropic actions included. Themes identified interpreted using modified grounded theory. Main Outcomes Measures spending. Results Nine major Canada that encouraged consumption targeted marginalized communities. Companies claimed would mitigate harms prohibition, promote diversity, access medical cannabis, support charitable causes. They developed educational programs, sustainability initiatives, voluntary marketing codes strategies similar recruit interest organizations as allies. Conclusions Relevance These findings suggest comparable regulation, suggesting should be included when addressing commercial determinants health.

Language: Английский

Citations

17