The Innovation,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(2), P. 100103 - 100103
Published: April 3, 2021
The
discovery
that
mutations
in
the
EGFR
gene
are
detected
up
to
50%
of
lung
adenocarcinoma
patients,
along
with
development
highly
efficacious
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR)
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors
(TKIs),
has
revolutionized
treatment
this
frequently
occurring
malignancy.
Indeed,
clinical
success
these
TKIs
constitutes
a
critical
milestone
targeted
cancer
therapy.
Three
generations
EGFR-TKIs
currently
approved
for
mutation-positive
non-small
cell
(NSCLC).
first-generation
include
erlotinib,
gefitinib,
lapatinib,
and
icotinib;
second-generation
ErbB
family
blockers
afatinib,
neratinib,
dacomitinib;
whereas
osimertinib,
by
FDA
on
2015,
is
third-generation
TKI
targeting
harboring
specific
mutations.
Compared
first-
TKIs,
display
significant
advantage
terms
patient
survival.
For
example,
median
overall
survival
NSCLC
patients
receiving
osimertinib
reached
38.6
months.
Unfortunately,
however,
like
other
therapies,
new
mutations,
as
well
additional
drug-resistance
mechanisms
emerge
rapidly
after
treatment,
posing
formidable
obstacles
therapeutics
aimed
at
surmounting
chemoresistance.
In
review,
we
summarize
molecular
underlying
resistance
ongoing
efforts
address
overcome
We
also
discuss
current
status
fourth-generation
inhibitors,
which
great
value
overcoming
appear
have
greater
therapeutic
benefits
clinic.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 673 - 673
Published: April 22, 2022
Both
personalized
medicine
and
nanomedicine
are
new
to
medical
practice.
Nanomedicine
is
an
application
of
the
advances
nanotechnology
in
being
integrated
into
diagnostic
therapeutic
tools
manage
array
conditions.
On
other
hand,
medicine,
which
also
referred
as
precision
a
novel
concept
that
aims
individualize/customize
management
based
on
personal
attributes
patient
overcome
blanket
treatment
only
efficient
subset
patients,
leaving
others
with
either
ineffective
or
results
significant
toxicity.
Novel
nanomedicines
have
been
employed
several
diseases,
can
be
adapted
each
patient-specific
case
according
their
genetic
profiles.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
both
areas
intersection
between
two
emerging
scientific
domains.
The
review
focuses
current
situation
advantages
offered
by
nanoconstructs
diagnosis
variability
identify
right
drug
for
patient.
Finally,
touch
upon
challenges
fields
towards
translation
nano-personalized
medicine.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(9), P. 4673 - 4673
Published: April 28, 2021
Breast
cancer,
specifically
metastatic
breast,
is
a
leading
cause
of
morbidity
and
mortality
in
women.
This
mainly
due
to
relapse
reoccurrence
tumor.
The
primary
reason
for
cancer
the
development
multidrug
resistance
(MDR)
hampering
treatment
prognosis.
MDR
can
occur
multitude
molecular
events,
including
increased
expression
efflux
transporters
such
as
P-gp,
BCRP,
or
MRP1;
epithelial
mesenchymal
transition;
breast
stem
cells.
Excessive
dose
dumping
chemotherapy
intrinsic
anti-cancer
appear
prior
after
treatment.
Hence,
novel
targeted
nanomedicines
encapsulating
chemotherapeutics
gene
therapy
products
may
assist
overcome
drug
resistance.
Targeted
offer
innovative
strategies
limitations
conventional
while
permitting
enhanced
selectivity
nanotheranostics
permit
release,
precise
diagnosis,
importantly,
ability
MDR.
article
discusses
various
designed
selectively
target
triple
negative
In
addition,
review
recent
approaches,
combination
nanoparticles
(NPs),
theranostic
NPs,
stimuli
sensitive
"smart"
NPs.
Recent
innovations
microRNA
NPs
personalized
medicine
are
also
discussed.
Future
perspective
research
complex
multi-stage
responsive
The Innovation,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
2(2), P. 100103 - 100103
Published: April 3, 2021
The
discovery
that
mutations
in
the
EGFR
gene
are
detected
up
to
50%
of
lung
adenocarcinoma
patients,
along
with
development
highly
efficacious
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR)
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors
(TKIs),
has
revolutionized
treatment
this
frequently
occurring
malignancy.
Indeed,
clinical
success
these
TKIs
constitutes
a
critical
milestone
targeted
cancer
therapy.
Three
generations
EGFR-TKIs
currently
approved
for
mutation-positive
non-small
cell
(NSCLC).
first-generation
include
erlotinib,
gefitinib,
lapatinib,
and
icotinib;
second-generation
ErbB
family
blockers
afatinib,
neratinib,
dacomitinib;
whereas
osimertinib,
by
FDA
on
2015,
is
third-generation
TKI
targeting
harboring
specific
mutations.
Compared
first-
TKIs,
display
significant
advantage
terms
patient
survival.
For
example,
median
overall
survival
NSCLC
patients
receiving
osimertinib
reached
38.6
months.
Unfortunately,
however,
like
other
therapies,
new
mutations,
as
well
additional
drug-resistance
mechanisms
emerge
rapidly
after
treatment,
posing
formidable
obstacles
therapeutics
aimed
at
surmounting
chemoresistance.
In
review,
we
summarize
molecular
underlying
resistance
ongoing
efforts
address
overcome
We
also
discuss
current
status
fourth-generation
inhibitors,
which
great
value
overcoming
appear
have
greater
therapeutic
benefits
clinic.
