An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(3), P. 337 - 355

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

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Small vulnerable newborns—big potential for impact

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 401(10389), P. 1692 - 1706

Published: May 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Composition, determinants, and risk factors of low birth weight in Sri Lanka

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0318554 - e0318554

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Low birth weight continues to pose significant challenges healthcare systems worldwide. Despite substantial improvement in various public health indicators, many developing countries have failed achieve a reduction low rates. One major obstacle is the sparsity of data on determinants weight. Here, we aim determine composition and risk factors for Sri Lanka, prototype nation. We conducted countrywide multicentre cross-sectional study August September 2023 13 purposively selected hospitals representing all nine provinces different tiers specialist Lanka. All live-born neonates were recruited prospectively, their mothers interviewed by trained collectors gather information socio-demographic background, medical obstetric history, delivery details. Birth was measured immediately after personnel attending delivery. A total 9130 recruited, which 52% males. The mean 2827g (95%CI 2817-2838g), 1865 (20.4%) newborns prevalence prematurity 10.9% (n = 998), 1819 (20.0%) born small gestational age. Of neonates, 64% age, 37% preterm; 11% both age preterm. Teenage pregnancy (p 0.022), maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (p<0.001), inadequate gain during anaemia at 0.020), chronic lung disease 0.019), induced hypertension 0.019) modifiable This presents results one most extensive country-wide studies evaluating highlights importance considering as separate categories Small contributes approximately two-thirds burden. Therefore, targeting while mitigating burden feasible approach reduce countries, including

Language: Английский

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Crosslink among Inflammation, Nitroxidative Stress, Intestinal Microbiota and Alternative Therapies

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 129 - 129

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a set of metabolic complications arising from adaptive failures to the pregnancy period. Estimates point prevalence 3 15% pregnancies. Its etiology includes intrinsic and extrinsic aspects progenitress, which may contribute pathophysiogenesis GDM. Recently, researchers have identified that inflammation, oxidative stress, gut microbiota participate in development disease, with potentially harmful effects on health maternal-fetal binomial, short long terms. In this context, alternative therapies were investigated two perspectives: modulation intestinal microbiota, probiotics prebiotics, use natural products antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, mitigate endogenous processes GDM, favoring mother her offspring, future perspective, alleviating critical public problem.

Language: Английский

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Low Birthweight as a Risk Factor for Non-communicable Diseases in Adults

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

According to studies undertaken over the past 40 years, low birthweight (LBW) is not only a significant predictor of perinatal death and morbidity, but also increases risk chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. The purpose this paper summarize research on LBW as factor for NCDs adults. Barker hypothesis was based finding that adults with an or unhealthy intrauterine environment, well rapid catch-up, die due NCDs. Over last few decades, terminology such thrifty genes, fetal programming, developmental origins health disease (DOHaD), epigenetic factors have been coined. most common include cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2), hypertension (HT), dyslipidemia, proteinuria, kidney (CKD). Studies mothers who experienced famine those solely reported birth weight mortality support concept. Although etiology NCD unknown, Barry Brenner explained notion glomerular number (nGlom) children, followed by progression hyperfiltration physiopathologic HT CKD Guyton's renal physiology work. Autopsies several ethnic groups revealed anatomopathologic evidence fetuses adult kidneys. Because reserve, demonstrating function proportion volume vivo more difficult greatest impact these theories can be seen pediatrics obstetrics practice.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods-Rich Diet and Perinatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(15), P. 3242 - 3242

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

The consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF)-rich diets represents a potential threat to human health. Considering maternal diet adequacy during pregnancy is major determinant for perinatal health outcomes, this study aimed systematically review and meta-analyze studies investigating the association between UPF-rich outcomes. Conducted according Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, five electronic databases gray literature using Google Scholar ProQuest Dissertations Theses Global were searched up 31 May 2022. No restrictions applied on language publication date. Two reviewers independently conducted selection data extraction process. Meta-analysis was random-effects model. In total, 61 included in systematic overall population comprised 698,803 women from all gestational trimesters. cohort showed that associated with an increased risk diabetes mellitus (odds ratio (OR): 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 1.87) preeclampsia (OR: 1.28; CI: 1.15, 1.42). Neonatal outcomes no association. GRADE quality evidence associations very low. findings highlight need monitor reduce UPF consumption, specifically period, as strategy prevent adverse

Language: Английский

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Prematurity and Low Birth Weight and Their Impact on Childhood Growth Patterns and the Risk of Long-Term Cardiovascular Sequelae

Children, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1599 - 1599

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Preterm birth (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is a global health problem, remaining the main reason for neonatal mortality and morbidity. Improvements in perinatal care recent decades have been associated with higher survival rate extremely preterm infants, leading to risk long-term sequelae this population throughout life. Numerous surveillance programs formerly premature infants continue focus on neurodevelopmental disorders, while assessment impact low weight child growth cardiovascular disease young adults equally necessary. This review will discuss influence prematurity childhood children, adolescents adults. The metabolic disorders increased adult survivors. In early childhood, may show elevated blood pressure, weakened vascular growth, augmented peripheral resistance cardiomyocyte remodeling. Increased gain during postnatal period later body composition, promote obesity impair results. These adverse alterations contribute an incidents, hypertension diabetes. Preterm-born children those fetal restriction (FGR) who demonstrate rapid changes their percentile should remain under pressure monitoring. A better understanding lifelong outcomes preterm-born individuals crucial developing strategies prevent be basis future research provide effective interventions.

Language: Английский

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Children born after assisted reproduction more commonly carry a mitochondrial genotype associating with low birthweight

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Children conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have an elevated risk of lower birthweight, yet the underlying cause remains unclear. Our study explores mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants as contributors to birthweight differences by impacting function during prenatal development. We deep-sequenced mtDNA 451 ART and spontaneously (SC) individuals, 157 mother-child pairs 113 individual oocytes from either natural menstrual cycles or after ovarian stimulation (OS) find that individuals carried a different genotype than SC with more de novo non-synonymous variants. These variants, along rRNA correlate percentiles, independent conception mode. Their higher occurrence in stems mutagenesis associated maternal aging OS-induced oocyte cohort size. Future research will establish long-term health consequences these changes how findings impact clinical practice patient counselling future.

Language: Английский

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The Lancet Small Vulnerable Newborn Series: science for a healthy start

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 396(10253), P. 743 - 745

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Circulating biomarkers associated with placental dysfunction and their utility for predicting fetal growth restriction

Clinical Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 137(8), P. 579 - 595

Published: April 1, 2023

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) leading to low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Normal placental development involves series highly regulated processes involving multitude hormones, transcription factors, cell lineages. Failure achieve this leads dysfunction related diseases such as pre-clampsia FGR. Early recognition at-risk pregnancies important because careful maternal fetal surveillance can potentially prevent adverse perinatal outcomes by judicious pregnancy timing birth. Given the association between variety circulating biomarkers, pregnancy, outcomes, screening tests based on these incorporating characteristics, biophysical or circulatory variables have been developed. However, their clinical utility has yet be proven. Of current factor soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 appear most promise for predictive

Language: Английский

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