The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1849 - 1849

Published: July 21, 2023

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence infections microbiome, impact dysbiosis infection pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. clinical variability observed SARS-CoV-2 seasonal influenza infections, presence natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, may contribute pathogenesis. has been shown host system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with cells. This review aims enhance our understanding how perturb mucosal cells, affecting response Specifically, we focus exploring between gamma delta (γδ) T cells microbes context inflammatory examine highlighting disease outcomes. Furthermore, discuss emerging evidence potential future directions for modulation therapy

Language: Английский

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Distinct vaginal microbiome and metabolome profiles in women with preterm delivery following cervical cerclage

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Preterm birth (PTB) is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. The aim this study was to investigate the effect vaginal microbiota metabolites on outcome pregnant women. In study, total 127 women provided written informed consent prior enrollment in accordance with approved institutional guidelines, but only 45 pregnancies met experimental requirements, then blood cervical fluid (CVF) samples were collected before delivery (at second week after cerclage). Pregnant PTB exhibited high white cell neutrophil contents, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) blood. Vaginal microbiome revealed that proportion beneficial bacteria (including Lactobacillus , [ Ruminococcus ] gnavus group Megamonas ) significantly decreased group, harmful Desulfovibrionaceae Helicobacter Gardnerella increased, which strongly related biochemical parameters (white cells, neutrophils, NLR, SIRI). addition, metabolomics-based liquid chromatography–Orbitrap–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap-MS/MS) found alteration involved starch sucrose metabolism; arginine praline galactose purine tryptophan metabolism N-glycan biosynthesis; cysteine methionine taurine hypotaurine amino acid propanoate valine, leucine, isoleucine glycine, serine, threonine steroid hormone biosynthesis. These results elaborated distinct metabolome profiles preterm following cerclage provide valuable information for establishing prediction models PTB.

Language: Английский

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Stress and depression-associated shifts in gut microbiota: A pilot study of human pregnancy

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36, P. 100730 - 100730

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Psychosocial stress and mood-related disorders, such as depression, are prevalent vulnerability to these conditions is heightened during pregnancy. induces consequences via several mechanisms including the gut microbiota-brain axis associated signaling pathways. Previous preclinical work indicates that prenatal alters maternal microbial composition impairs offspring development. Importantly, although fecal vaginal microenvironments undergo alterations across pregnancy, we lack consensus regarding which shifts adaptive or maladaptive in presence of depression. Clinical studies interrogating relationships have identified unique taxa but been limited study design.

Language: Английский

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High-fat diet feeding exacerbates HIV-1 rectal transmission

mSystems, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

High-fat diet (HFD) is well known to impact various aspects of gut health and has been associated with many diseases inflammation. However, the HFD feeding on HIV-1 rectal transmission not yet addressed. With an increasing threat infection in men who have sex (MSM), where route primary mode infection, it imperative understand microbiota inflammation consequently, its effect transmission. Here, we utilized our double humanized bone marrow, liver, thymus (dHu-BLT) mouse model assess host's susceptibility We found that successfully altered microbial composition within 3 weeks dHu-BLT model. In addition, levels inflammatory mediators, specifically IL-12p70, IP-10, ICAM-1, fecal calprotectin, were significantly higher HFD-fed mice compared control a regular chow diet. also observed different markers (IL-12p70 ICAM-1) negatively correlated number ASVs, Shannon diversity, Faith's diversity group. Notably, when repeatedly challenged low dose

Language: Английский

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Sex Differences in HIV Infection

Current topics in microbiology and immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 61 - 73

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Immune Homeostasis, Inflammation, and HIV Persistence by the Microbiome, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Bile Acids

Annual Review of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 397 - 422

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) continue to experience chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, which drives the persistence of latent HIV prevalence clinical comorbidities. Elucidating mechanisms that lead suboptimal immunity is necessary for developing therapeutics improve quality life PLWH. Although previous studies have found associations between gut dysbiosis cellular/molecular cascades implicated in manifestation aberrant responses downstream microbial perturbations PLWH are incompletely understood. Recent literature has highlighted two abundant metabolite families, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) bile (BAs), play a crucial role shaping immunity. These metabolites can be produced and/or modified by bacterial species make up microbiota may serve as causal link changes microbiome, inflammation, dysfunction In this review, we discuss our current understanding microbiome on acquisition despite ART. Further, describe SCFAs BAs drive innate or adaptive responsible promoting This knowledge used advance cure efforts.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Human Inflammatory Dendritic Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 105 - 105

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Anogenital inflammation is a critical risk factor for HIV acquisition. The primary preventative intervention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), ineffective in blocking transmission anogenital inflammation. Pre-existing sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) and microbiota dysbiosis are the leading causes of inflammation, where extensive often asymptomatic undiagnosed. Dendritic cells (DCs), as potent antigen-presenting cells, among first to capture upon its entry into mucosa, they subsequently transport virus CD4 T target cells. This increased susceptibility inflamed tissue likely stems from disrupted epithelial barrier integrity, phenotypic changes resident DCs an influx inflammatory including Gaining insight how interacts with specific DC subsets could inform development new therapeutic strategies block transmission. However, little known about early stages environments. Here, we review currently characterised inflammatory-tissue their interactions HIV.

Language: Английский

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The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(4), P. 273 - 273

Published: April 12, 2025

Ageing is a complex and unavoidable physiological process which, in simple terms, consists of progressive deterioration the functionality cells, tissues organs, culminating an increased risk developing chronic pathologies. Telomeres, repetitive nucleotide structures at end chromosomes, ensure genomic integrity modulate cellular senescence. The shortening telomere length with each cell division directly correlates susceptibility to However, this shortening, normally inevitable, can be markedly accelerated presence infections, such as HIV-1 infection, by sustained continuous activation immune system, inflammation, generation oxidative stress, or direct alterations produced viral proteins. Thus, narrative review, we discuss 12 hallmarks ageing context understanding molecular changes induced through these well-established pillars could provide holistic approach management HIV-positive patients. At same time, considering that telomeres are centre all changes, assessment impact antiretroviral therapy on necessary guide clinical decisions. ultimate goal research develop personalised therapies increase quality life health outcomes HIV

Language: Английский

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Association between gut microbiota in HIV-infected patients and immune reconstitution following antiretroviral therapy (ART)

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: May 6, 2025

This study aims to examine the potential link between incomplete immune reconstitution following ART treatment and gut microbiota dysbiosis. We collected clinical data fecal samples from 50 HIV patients undergoing 30 untreated patients. Based on observed function reconstruction, we further categorized ART(+) group into a responder (n = 30) non-responder 20). The composition differences were assessed using Alpha diversity Beta analysis, while differential genera identified through linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Subsequently, functional disparities in investigated PICRUSt2 metagenomeSeq software. results of revealed significant among three groups. Differential genus Morganella as an exclusive present only Non-responder group, exhibiting significantly higher relative abundance. Correlation demonstrated positive association LDL levels. CAZY that glycosyltransferase 25 (GT25) was expressed whereas it either undetectable or exhibited extremely low expression levels both Responder ART(-) group. Importantly, correlation indicated GT25 secretion. ecological imbalance might be associated with ART, potentially mediated by secretions. Consequently, could serve promising biomarker for predicting AIDS ART.

Language: Английский

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Establishment of a non-Westernized gut microbiota in men who have sex with men is associated with sexual practices

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 101426 - 101426

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

The human gut microbiota is influenced by various factors, including health status and environmental conditions, yet considerable inter-individual differences remain unexplained. Previous studies identified that the of men who have sex with (MSM) distinct from non-MSM. Here, we reveal through species-level analysis using shotgun metagenomics many MSM Western origin resembles microbial communities non-Westernized populations. Specifically, microbiomes are frequently dominated members Prevotellaceae family, co-colonization species Segatella copri complex unknown members. Questionnaire-based exploring in links specific sexual practices to composition. Moreover, machine learning identifies features associated activities MSM. Together, this study shows associations microbiome alterations MSM, which may a large impact on population-based studies.

Language: Английский

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