Immune imprinting and next-generation coronavirus vaccines

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 1971 - 1985

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Modified chitosan: Insight on biomedical and industrial applications

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 133526 - 133526

Published: July 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 191 - 191

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in provide durable better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective vaccines elicit robust localized systemic by administration via routes. yield protection superior parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond valuable immunogenicity, can be less expensive easier administer without a need for injection materials more highly trained personnel. However, faces many challenges, much effort directed at development. In this article, we review the history vaccine development present an overview compartment biology immunity plays defending infection, knowledge helped inform We explore new progress design optimization novel approaches created improve efficacy safety

Language: Английский

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Lipid nanoparticles for local delivery of mRNA to the respiratory tract: Effect of PEG-lipid content and administration route

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 114266 - 114266

Published: March 16, 2024

Design of inhalable mRNA therapeutics is promising, because local administration in the respiratory tract minimally invasive and induces a response. However, several challenges related to via inhalation barriers have so far prevented progress inhaled therapeutics. Here, we investigated factors importance for lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated delivery tract. We hypothesized that: (i) PEG-lipid content important providing colloidal stability during aerosolization mucosal delivery, (ii) influences expression lungs, (iii) route (nasal versus pulmonary) lungs. In this study, aimed optimize investigate effect on kinetics expression. Our results show that increasing improves process, but has negative impact transfection efficiency vitro. The protein vivo dependent administration, found pulmonary mRNA-LNPs mice longer than nasal administration. These demonstrate design system are achieving high

Language: Английский

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Novel vaccine strategies to induce respiratory mucosal immunity: advances and implications

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Rapid advances in vaccine technology are becoming increasingly important tackling global health crises caused by respiratory virus infections. While traditional vaccines, primarily administered intramuscular injection, have proven effective, they often fail to provide the broad upper tract mucosal immunity, which is urgently needed for first-line control of viral Furthermore, vaccines may not adequately address immune escape emerging variants. In contrast, developed using body's response mechanism can simultaneously establish both systemic and immunity. This dual action effectively allows system function as first line defense, preventing infections at entry points. review highlights efficacy including innovative delivery methods such nasal oral formulations, enhancing local barriers. Notably, offer potential advantages protecting against variants maintaining long-term multidimensional memory tract. addition, a combination largely improves their coverage effectiveness, providing valuable insights future development public inoculation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Next-generation treatments: Immunotherapy and advanced therapies for COVID-19

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. e26423 - e26423

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in 2019 following prior outbreaks of coronaviruses like SARS and MERS recent decades, underscoring their high potential infectivity humans. Insights from previous have played a significant role developing effective strategies to mitigate the global impact SARS-CoV-2. As January 7, 2024, there been 774,075,242 confirmed cases worldwide. To date, 13.59 billion vaccine doses administered, 7,012,986 documented fatalities (https://www.who.int/)Despite progress addressing rapid evolution SARS-CoV-2 challenges human defenses, presenting ongoing challenges. emergence new lineages, shaped mutation recombination processes, has led successive waves infections. This scenario reveals need for next-generation vaccines as crucial requirement ensuring protection against demand calls formulations that trigger robust adaptive immune response without leading inflammation linked with infection.Key mutations detected Spike protein, critical target neutralizing antibodies design —specifically within Receptor Binding Domain region Omicron variant lineages (B.1.1.529), currently dominant worldwide, intensified concerns due association immunity evasion vaccinations infections.As world deals this evolving threat, narrative extends realm emerging variants, each displaying implications remain largely misunderstood. Notably, JN.1 lineage is gaining prevalence, early findings suggest it stands among immune-evading characteristic attributed its L455S. Moreover, detrimental consequences novel bear particularly on immunocompromised individuals older adults. Immunocompromised face such suboptimal responses vaccines, rendering them more susceptible disease. Similarly, adults an increased risk disease presence comorbid conditions, find themselves at heightened vulnerability develop Thus, recognizing these intricate factors effectively tailoring public health protect vulnerable populations. In context, review aims describe, analyze, discuss current treatments encompassing immunotherapeutic approaches advanced therapies complements will offer solutions counter disadvantages existing options. Preliminary outcomes show virus address immunomodulatory associated COVID-19. Furthermore, capacity promote tissue repair demonstrated, which can be noteworthy who stand actors landscape possess broader potential, offering wide range variants enhancing ability constant virus. are projected treatment alternatives managing Chronic Post-COVID-19 syndromeand long-term complications.

Language: Английский

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Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 23 - 23

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to global health systems, with extensive impacts across many sectors of society. been responsible for millions deaths worldwide since its first identification in late 2019. Several actions have taken prevent the disease, including unprecedented fast development and vaccination campaigns, which were pivotal reducing symptoms deaths. Given impact pandemic, continuous changes virus, present vaccine technologies, this review analyzes how, so far, we met challenge by emergence new variants discusses how next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccines, enhanced longevity breadth immune responses, may be tackled alternative administration routes antigen delivery platforms. By addressing these critical aspects, aims contribute ongoing efforts achieve long-term control COVID-19, stimulating discussion work on vaccines capable facing future waves infection.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal vaccination: onward and upward

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 885 - 899

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The unique mucosal immune system allows the generation of robust protective responses at front line pathogen encounters. needle-free delivery route and cold chain-free logistic requirements also provide additional advantages in ease economy. However, development vaccines faces several challenges, only a handful are currently licensed. These all form live attenuated or inactivated whole organisms, whereas no subunit-based vaccine is available.The selection antigen, vehicle, adjuvants for vaccination highly important. This particularly crucial subunit vaccines, as they often fail to elicit strong responses. Emerging research providing new insights into biological immunological uniqueness tissues. many aspects immunology still await be investigated.This article provides an overview current understanding discusses remaining knowledge gaps. We emphasize that because potential benefits can bring from biomedical, social economic standpoints, unmet goal achieve success worth effort.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 15, 2024

Introduction Several novel vaccine platforms aim at mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Standardized methods for sample collection and quantification of antibodies are therefore urgently needed harmonized comparisons interpretations across trials real-world data. Methods Using commercial electrochemiluminescence antibody panels, we compared spike-specific IgA IgG paired saliva, nasal secretions, serum from 1048 healthcare workers with without prior infection. Results Spike-specific correlated well secretions saliva (r>0.65, p<0.0001), but levels were more than three-fold higher as (p<0.01). Correlations between total population secretory (SIgA) significantly stronger (p<0.0001) (r=0.96, p<0.0001) opposed (r=0.77, (r=0.73, p<0.001) (r=0.54, p<0.001), suggesting transudation monomeric spike specific circulation saliva. Notably, SIgA had a markedly variant cross-binding capacity both serum, (all which emphasizes importance taking potential derived into consideration when investigating immune responses. Discussion Taken together, although can be reliably measured our findings imply an advantage likely also larger proportion We further corroborate superior highlighting protective benefits targeting upper tract.

Language: Английский

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