Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
56(3), P. 506 - 515
Published: March 16, 2023
Understanding
the
neutralizing
antibody
(NAb)
titer
against
COVID-19
over
time
is
important
to
provide
information
for
vaccine
implementation.
The
longitudinal
NAb
one
year
after
SARS-CoV-2
infection
still
unclear.
purposes
of
this
study
are
evaluate
duration
titers
in
convalescents
and
factors
associated
with
positive
duration.
A
cohort
followed
individuals
diagnosed
between
2020
2021
May
15th
from
database
Taiwan
Centers
Disease
Control.
We
analyzed
convalescent
individuals.
used
generalized
estimating
equations
(GEE)
a
Cox
regression
model
summarize
decaying
vaccine-free
population.
total
203
subjects
297
analytic
samples
were
period
up
588
days.
Our
suggests
that
more
than
four
months
pertains
only
25%
titers.
GEE
indicates
longer
follow-up
was
significantly
lower
titer.
indicated
disease
severity
advanced
condition
maintaining
(adjusted
hazard
ratio:
2.01,
95%
CI:
1.11–3.63)
smoking
also
higher
risk
negative
0.55,
0.33–0.92).
Neutralizing
diminished
year.
response
naturally
provides
reference
vaccinations.
Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 394 - 402
Published: April 18, 2024
Some
previous
studies
suggest
that
the
consumption
of
tobacco
and
nicotine
products
overall
declined
during
COVID-19
pandemic,
but
results
are
mixed.
We
investigated
product
sales
in
Finland,
including
replacement
therapy
(NRT).
Our
particular
focus
was
on
pouches
used
as
NRT.
aimed
to
evaluate
effect
pandemic
NRT
2020
by
comparing
year.
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 31, 2024
Aims:
Previous
studies
have
reported
a
‘smoker’s
paradox’,
where
people
who
smoke
appear
to
be
protected
against
Severe
Acute
Respiratory
Syndrome
CoronaVirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
(COVID-19).
This
conflicts
with
well-established
evidence
that
are
generally
more
vulnerable
respiratory
infections.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
validate
the
association
between
smoking
and
SARS-CoV-2
in
general
Dutch
population,
evaluate
underlying
possible
causal
relationship
by
applying
modern
adaptation
of
Bradford
Hill
criteria.
Methods:
total,
57,833
participants
from
Lifelines
Cohort
Study
were
included
analysis.
Smoking
status,
including
never
smoker,
current
former
was
derived
assessment
2014
2017,
while
status
an
additional
COVID-19
questionnaire
2021
2022.
Logistic
regressions
used
for
status.
The
adapted
Hill’s
criteria,
strength
(including
analysis
plausible
confounding),
plausibility,
temporality
study
design
suitability,
applied
existing
literature.
Results:
We
found,
compared
smokers,
increased
risk
smokers
(odds
ratio
(OR)=1.07,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)=1.01–1.13),
but
reduced
(OR=0.85,
CI=0.79–0.92),
after
adjusting
several
relevant
covariates.
However,
discerned
explanation
smoker’s
paradox
since
observed
likely
non-responders
questions
and,
importantly,
these
other
established
factors
infection.
Conclusions:
There
is
insufficient
suggest
protects
According
high
inconsistency
results,
possibility
residual
confounding
no
clear
biological
plausibility.
Future
should
include
linkage
confirmed
testing
results
national
healthcare
registries
mitigate
avoidable
bias.
Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
56(3), P. 506 - 515
Published: March 16, 2023
Understanding
the
neutralizing
antibody
(NAb)
titer
against
COVID-19
over
time
is
important
to
provide
information
for
vaccine
implementation.
The
longitudinal
NAb
one
year
after
SARS-CoV-2
infection
still
unclear.
purposes
of
this
study
are
evaluate
duration
titers
in
convalescents
and
factors
associated
with
positive
duration.
A
cohort
followed
individuals
diagnosed
between
2020
2021
May
15th
from
database
Taiwan
Centers
Disease
Control.
We
analyzed
convalescent
individuals.
used
generalized
estimating
equations
(GEE)
a
Cox
regression
model
summarize
decaying
vaccine-free
population.
total
203
subjects
297
analytic
samples
were
period
up
588
days.
Our
suggests
that
more
than
four
months
pertains
only
25%
titers.
GEE
indicates
longer
follow-up
was
significantly
lower
titer.
indicated
disease
severity
advanced
condition
maintaining
(adjusted
hazard
ratio:
2.01,
95%
CI:
1.11–3.63)
smoking
also
higher
risk
negative
0.55,
0.33–0.92).
Neutralizing
diminished
year.
response
naturally
provides
reference
vaccinations.
