Governance challenges to protect globally important ecosystem services of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Abstract Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (A&SO) has a unique environment that plays an important role in Earth’s life-support systems. It no indigenous human population but hosts around 5000 researchers is visited by more than 100 000 tourists per year. In this paper, we describe biophysical processes create region’s ecosystem services, outlining their related governance systems within Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), show global distribution of service beneficiaries. These services clearly support populations across world are endangered anthropogenic activities, which current place-based ATS not empowered to control. We discuss whether it possible use insights from Elinor Ostrom’s work on managing commons, including her eight core design principles idea Common Asset Trusts, better harness efforts protect ALL services. note many existing arrangements associated with already well-aligned need be expanded globally produced A&SO.

Language: Английский

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Spatio‐temporal patterns of eukaryotic biodiversity in shallow hard‐bottom communities from the West Antarctic Peninsula revealed by DNA metabarcoding

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 892 - 911

Published: May 5, 2023

Abstract Aim We studied molecular eukaryotic biodiversity patterns in shallow hard‐bottom Antarctic benthic communities using community DNA metabarcoding. Polar ecosystems are extremely exposed to climate change, and macroinvertebrate have demonstrated rapid response a range of natural anthropogenic pressures. However, these rich diverse poorly studied, revealing how little is known about the benthos associated with habitats. Location West Peninsula South Shetland Islands. Methods Using data collected seven localities along western Peninsula, we calculated spatial alpha beta diversities. Furthermore, analysed temporal changes composition one location (Deception Island) over 3 years. diversities reveal this time. Results obtained final list 2057 operational taxonomic units. found significant differences between among Our dataset revealed total 10 different kingdom‐level lineages 34 phyla samples. The most phylum was Arthropoda, followed by Bacillariophyta, Annelida, while highest relative read abundances belonged Porifera Echinodermata. Benthic compositions changed 2016 2018 Deception Island, decreasing species richness main component diversity. Main Conclusions Direct sampling methods required for monitoring complex communities. Informative can be retrieved even though habitats yet taxonomically described barcoded. Hard‐bottom assemblages exhibit high variability heterogeneity, not related depth, which represent huge challenge large‐scale studies Southern Ocean. Local patchiness structure within probably consequence combination several biotic abiotic factors (i.e. ice disturbance, food supply competition).

Language: Английский

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One Antarctic slug to confuse them all: the underestimated diversity of

Invertebrate Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 419 - 435

Published: June 1, 2022

The Antarctic marine environment, although rich in life, is predicted to experience rapid and significant effects from climate change. Despite a revolution the approaches used document biodiversity, less than one percent of invertebrates are represented by DNA barcodes we at risk losing biodiversity before discovery. ease sequencing mitochondrial has promoted this relatively ‘universal’ species identification system across most metazoan phyla barcode datasets currently readily for exploring questions species-level taxonomy. Here present well-sampled phylogeny direct-developing, Southern Ocean nudibranch mollusc, Doris kerguelenensis date. This study sampled over 1000 new specimens spanning sequenced COI gene. Results maximum likelihood multiple subsequent delimitation analyses identified 27 complex (now 59 total). Using rarefaction techniques, infer more yet be discovered. Some were only collected southern South America or sub-Antarctic islands, while least four found Polar Front. contrary dispersal predictions without larval stage such as kerguelenensis. Our work demonstrates value increasing geographic scope sampling highlights what could lost given current global crisis.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the restoration status and potential of ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 141, P. 109103 - 109103

Published: July 2, 2022

An ecosystem service assessment can directly reflect the effectiveness of ecological restoration, reveal process and driving mechanism change, guide future management. However, most studies have focused on analyzing historical dynamic changes in services (ESs), few clarified what level should be restored to. Therefore, this study proposed concept a zonal climax background based ESs natural reserves, which present best state same region. We regarded as ultimate goal described recovery gap compared with actual state. Taking forest, grassland wetland ecosystems Loess Plateau (LP) research object, we quantitatively simulated conditions carbon fixation, water conservation, soil conservation sand fixation. The results showed that annual average fixation LP was 44.88 MgC/km2/a, 4.39 × 106 m3/km2/a, 8416.64 t/km2/a 1051.97 t/km2/a, represented degrees were 94.10%, 38.46%, 64.73% 87.59%, respectively. In addition, categorized four regionalization comprehensive control through superimposed analysis space degree main focus ES improvement, such loss hilly valley region (LHGR) Loss (LPGR); LHGR, LPGR earth rock mountains area (ERMA); LHGR plain (PA). Water irrigated regions (IRs) sandy areas (SAs) not prioritized over other ESs.

Language: Английский

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Are Antarctic aquatic invertebrates hitchhiking on your footwear?

Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 126354 - 126354

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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