Biophysical interactions in coastal habitats DOI Open Access

Jan Cornelis de Smit

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

In order to successfully implement nature-based solutions as (part of) coastal defense, there is a need for insight into their efficiency and reliability. The wave-attenuation capacity of vegetated ecosystems like seagrasses salt marshes has been widely studied. However, stability on the medium long term (i.e., engineering timescales) needs be quantified. Key wave attenuating have high internal stability. lateral extent strongly influenced by vertical (sediment) adjacent mudflats / or seagrass meadows. this thesis sediment thresholds subtidal lower intertidal (from meadows up tidal flats) under strong current attack Typically such are measured via field measurements laboratory flume experiments. problem with these approaches is, however, that lack hydrodynamic control, so can only indirectly, experiments require ecosystem transplantation use mimics. Field flumes therefore developed way generate controlled hydrodynamics in situ, used quantify flats (chapters 2 4). We explored Seagrass – Sediment Light (SSL) feedback measuring resuspension various densities types (chapter 3). were able establish general relation between density This was then implemented simplified model which assess effects changes typical waves storminess. found resilient storms, but sensitive wind conditions depending topographical setting. Benthos influence flats. complex interaction, because many species all act differently. different generalized energy consumption. tested approach field, we still large variability Therefore, conducted an experiment where assessed how combinations highly contrasting change 5). strongest individual effect overruled other species. When implementing risk accumulation pollutants microplastics. microplastic trapping within biogenic habitats 6). susceptibility habitat plastic determined ability reduce turbulence near seabed. Furthermore, smaller particles much more likely sequestered they ‘hide’ larger grains.

Language: Английский

Stability of a Tidal Marsh Under Very High Flow Velocities and Implications for Nature-Based Flood Defense DOI Creative Commons
Ken Schoutens, Marte Stoorvogel, Mario van den Berg

et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: July 28, 2022

Nature-based strategies, such as wave attenuation by tidal marshes, are increasingly proposed a complement to mitigate the risks of failure engineered flood defense structures levees. However, recent analysis historic coastal storms revealed smaller dike breach dimensions if there were natural, high marshes in front dikes. Since naturally only experience weak flow velocities (~0-0.3 ms -1 during normal spring tides), we lack direct observations on stability marsh sediments and vegetation under extreme (order several ) may occur when behind breaches. As first approximation, sediment bed winter-state tested flume. Marsh monoliths excavated from Phragmites australis along Scheldt estuary (Dutch-Belgian border area) installed 10 m long flume test section. Both responses quantified over 6 experimental runs up 1.75 water depth 0.35 for 2 hours. These tests showed that even after cumulative 12 hours exposure velocities, erosion was limited little few millimeters. Manual removal aboveground did not enhance either. Present findings be related strongly consolidated, clay- silt-rich P. root system this experiment. During exposure, stems bent flow, but majority all shoots recovered rapidly had stopped. Although present results blindly extrapolated other types, they do provide strong indication can remain stable conditions, confirm potential well-developed valuable extra natural barrier reducing discharges towards hinterland, following breach. outcomes promote consideration implement part overall rethink strengthening future.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Paleocoastline modelling – What a difference a few meters of sediment make? DOI Creative Commons
Ana Novak

Quaternary International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 706, P. 49 - 59

Published: July 22, 2024

Paleoreconstructions of coastal and near-coastal areas have always served as a tool towards better understanding past, present future geological geomorphological processes. The reliability paleocoastline sea-land extent modelling is controlled by input data. Here the difference between paleoreconstructions based on present-day bathymetry paleotopographic elevation model are examined example Gulf Trieste (northern Adriatic sea) - low-gradient submerged Last Glacial Maximum alluvial plain with fairly well-resolved pre-transgressional paleotopography. Results presented in this study show striking differences spatial two modelled sets paleocoastlines which places exceeds tens kilometers. These results demonstrate importance using an appropriate geologically-supported for paleoreconstruction unsuitable models can result significant errors unreliable reconstructions. This especially noteworthy settings where even slight variation sea level affect vast areas. Finally, provide insight into Early Holocene evolution area abrupt predominant northeasterly oriented transgression direction indicated from

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Key Bioturbator Species Within Benthic Communities Determine Sediment Resuspension Thresholds DOI Creative Commons
Jaco C. de Smit, Muriel Brückner,

Katherine I. Mesdag

et al.

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 4, 2021

Abundant research has shown that macrobenthic species are able to increase sediment erodibility through bioturbation. So far, however, this been at the level of individual species. Consequently, we lack understanding on how such effects act bioturbator communities. We assessed isolated and combined three behaviorally contrasting species, i.e., Corophium volutator , Hediste diversicolor Limecola balthica varying densities critical bed shear stress for resuspension ( τ cr ). Overall, effect a single could be described by power function, indicating relatively large small which diminishes toward higher density. In contrast previous studies, our results not generalized between using total metabolic rate, rate may only suitable integrate bioturbation within closely related species; highly require consideration species-specific strategies. Experiments benthic community revealed ability reduce is mainly determined largest in reducing as opposed dominant terms rate. Hence, predict accurately model net communities evolution tidal flats estuaries, identification key bioturbating with their spatial distribution imperative. Metabolic laws used describe actual activity.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Abiotic origins of self‐organized ridge‐runnel patterns on tidal flats DOI
Gregory S. Fivash, Marte Stoorvogel, Jaco C. de Smit

et al.

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(6), P. 1378 - 1389

Published: April 30, 2024

Abstract Striking large‐scale spatial patterns in ecosystems, generated by self‐organization through biotic and abiotic feedback processes, influence ecosystem functioning response to global environmental change. A remarkable example of this are the regular ridge‐runnel found on tidal flats, which play an important role mudflat‐marsh transitions. Yet mechanisms driving their formation, whether they or origin, have not been elucidated. The underlying unraveled study a combination field measurements targeted laboratory experiments. In field, we find that ridges pattern, sediment bed level is less dynamic more resistant erosion than runnels. flume experiments, erosion‐resistant surfaces, like those ridges, can arise time scales hours days due drying cohesive bed, while prevented waterlogged sediments disturbance‐recovery experiment benthic algae then confirms biological processes require longer developmental period scale at observed drying‐induced resistance develop. Together, these results demonstrate begin from initiation point subsequently provide template for further establishment self‐organization. Recognition as catalysts improve our understanding responses changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Critical Bed-Shear Stress of Mud–Sand Mixtures DOI
Leo C. van Rijn, Márcio Boechat Albernaz,

Luitze Perk

et al.

Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 151(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A cockle-induced bioturbation model and its impact on sediment erodibility: A meta-analysis DOI

Amélie Lehuen,

Francis Orvain

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 912, P. 168936 - 168936

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

2
T0-monitoring NatuurimpulsOosterschelde DOI
Chiu H. Cheng, Jim van Belzen, Jaco C. de Smit

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

De Oosterschelde is één van de 21 nationale parken Nederland en omwille zijn biologische rijkdom aangewezen als Natura 2000-gebied. Tevens het een belangrijk leefgebied voor veel soorten kustbroedvogels, moerasbroedvogels doortrekkende overwinterende watervogels. Daarom vormt ook onderdeel Europese netwerk beschermde natuurgebieden. Hiermee heeft Nederlandse overheid onder andere verantwoordelijkheid om natuurgebieden binnen te behouden, herstellen eventueel vergroten. Bovendien gelden elk Natura-2000-gebied aantal specifieke instandhoudingsdoelen die bijvoorbeeld aangeven welke leefgebieden (plant dier) behouden of hersteld moeten worden. Het Beheerplan Deltawateren beschrijft vervolgens maatregelen nodig overeenkomstige realiseren. aanleg stormvloedkering in kleiner getijverschil daarachter geresulteerd. Dit tot zogenaamde ‘zandhonger’ geleid, wat afname oppervlakte rust- foerageergebied vogels en/of verlaging voorland veroorzaakt. Hiervoor suppleties mogelijke oplossingen. Door TenneT wordt 380 kV-verbinding aangelegd tussen Borssele Rilland. Omdat er deel buitendijks 2000-gebied moet worden gecompenseerd verlies aan intergetijdenatuur. middelen beschikbaar gesteld Natuurmonumenten natuurimpuls geven schade deze kabel mogelijk berokkent buitendijkse natuur. wil, samenwerking met Rijkswaterstaat, onderzoeken natuurwinst behalen Kom door natuurherstelmaatregelen. Eén uitgangspunten hierbij was gebruik kan gemaakt slibrijk sediment dat oktober 2021 zou vrijkomen bij onderhoudsbaggerwerkzaamheden uitgevoerd vaargeul Zandkreek. opgebaggerde normaliter diepe putten gedumpt, maar nuttig benut kunnen systeem, ten behoeve natuurbouw ter bestrijding negatieve effecten zandhonger (‘werk werk’). onderzoek mede Provincie Zeeland, op verzoek Natuurmonumenten, vanwege mogelijkheid dit slib gebruiken platen hogen plaatbehoud foeragerende rustende schorren slikken. belang behoud 2000-gebieden. doel project antwoord vraag of, middels suppletie slibrijkmateriaal locatie Rattekaai, intergetijdengebied Verdronken land Zuid-Beveland verbeterd Daarnaast monitoring kennis ontwikkelen over suppleren slibrijkmateriaal. eerst nul-situatie suppletiegebied goed kaart brengen. Vanwege logistieke problemen suppletieproject echter geen doorgang vinden. In overleg Rijkswaterstaat Zeeland daarom afgesproken data verzameld voorafgaand geplande ontsluiten rapport advies eventuele data. Hoewel waarschijnlijk vervolgmonitoring zal plaatsvinden informatie gebruikt toekomstige projecten, nabijgelegen gebieden dezelfde type ingrepen vergelijkbare omstandigheden uitgevoerd. Ook toepasbaarheid effectiviteit soort onderzocht. T0-resultaten rij gezet basis twee meetcampagnes (najaar 2020 2021). Deze studie Wageningen Marine Research NIOZ Deltares. rapportage stand gekomen dankzij input verschillende experts betrokken kennisinstellingen. Van T0-metingen 2021) verschillen jaren groter dan suppletie- referentiegebieden. vergelijkbaar, soortenrijkdom iets minder terwijl dichtheid biomassa toegenomen. Verder duidelijke referentiegebieden waarneembaar betreft abiotische bodemeigenschappen. Dat onderschrijft nogmaals gekozen uitstekend dienst zouden doen vergelijking. moeilijk vast stellen hoeverre bodemdierengemeenschap bodemeigenschappen wijten natuurlijke (ruimtelijk tijdelijk) variabiliteit, jaar zo variëren parameters meest gecorreleerd is. metingen dynamiek golven vooral sedimentdynamiek gebied laagdynamisch lage verwacht slibsuppletie lang gewenste plek blijven liggen. Daardoor natuurwaarden langere tijd profiteren dergelijke ingreep. Maar voorzichtigheid geboden omdat morfologische veranderingen gedreven stormen niet-frequent voorkomen. tegenstelling eerdere (Galgenplaat, Schelphoek, Roggenplaat Oesterdam) plan Rattekaai uit voeren materiaal. Uit (zand)suppleties gebleken herstel (benthos) enkele duurt. Een materiaal ontwikkelingen leiden, betreft. aanpak vergelijkbaar (Roggenplaat waardoor resultaten elkaar vergeleken nut suppleties, zoals Galgenplaat.

Citations

3
Multispecies macrozoobenthic seasonal bioturbation effect on sediment erodibility DOI Creative Commons

Amélie Lehuen,

Rose-Marie Oulhen,

Zhengquan Zhou

et al.

Journal of Sea Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 102525 - 102525

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

Bioturbation in estuarine environments describes all sediment reworking processes implied transport. However, modelling at large spatial and temporal scales remains a challenge because of the need to consider fauna community level, animal behaviour is highly seasonal with non-linear effects macrofauna functional trait interactions. can be linked activity organisms, based on principle energy ecology, linking metabolic rate erodibility colonised by benthic fauna. This study investigates this postulate evaluating parameters subjected to: i) bioturbation under temperature variations; ii) synergistic different species. The experimental design consisted of: three levels (winter, spring summer), types species duos (Cerastoderma edule Macoma balthica; Scrobicularia plana Hediste diversicolor; Corophium volutator Peringia ulvae) 4 relative densities. Two successive experiments were carried out same individuals: measurement oxygen consumption then flume. confirmed that good model respiration, regardless erosion results indicated case fluff layer resuspension an interesting descriptor for 1) assessment variable temperatures 2) integration two bioturbator could co-occur habitat. In contrast, effect mass threshold cannot easily modelled using classification groups required. models promising tool faunal communities transport scale estuary over long term, even projected context global warming.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Biophysical interactions in coastal habitats DOI Open Access

Jan Cornelis de Smit

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

In order to successfully implement nature-based solutions as (part of) coastal defense, there is a need for insight into their efficiency and reliability. The wave-attenuation capacity of vegetated ecosystems like seagrasses salt marshes has been widely studied. However, stability on the medium long term (i.e., engineering timescales) needs be quantified. Key wave attenuating have high internal stability. lateral extent strongly influenced by vertical (sediment) adjacent mudflats / or seagrass meadows. this thesis sediment thresholds subtidal lower intertidal (from meadows up tidal flats) under strong current attack Typically such are measured via field measurements laboratory flume experiments. problem with these approaches is, however, that lack hydrodynamic control, so can only indirectly, experiments require ecosystem transplantation use mimics. Field flumes therefore developed way generate controlled hydrodynamics in situ, used quantify flats (chapters 2 4). We explored Seagrass – Sediment Light (SSL) feedback measuring resuspension various densities types (chapter 3). were able establish general relation between density This was then implemented simplified model which assess effects changes typical waves storminess. found resilient storms, but sensitive wind conditions depending topographical setting. Benthos influence flats. complex interaction, because many species all act differently. different generalized energy consumption. tested approach field, we still large variability Therefore, conducted an experiment where assessed how combinations highly contrasting change 5). strongest individual effect overruled other species. When implementing risk accumulation pollutants microplastics. microplastic trapping within biogenic habitats 6). susceptibility habitat plastic determined ability reduce turbulence near seabed. Furthermore, smaller particles much more likely sequestered they ‘hide’ larger grains.

Language: Английский

Citations

0