A critical systematic review of extracellular vesicle clinical trials

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10)

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Abstract This systematic review examines the landscape of extracellular vesicle (EV)‐related clinical trials to elucidate field's trends in applications and EV‐related methodologies, with an additional focus on acknowledgement EV subpopulations. By analysing data from public reporting repositories, we catalogued 471 date, indications for over 200 diseases. Diagnostics companion diagnostics represented bulk cancer being most frequent application. therapeutics mainly utilized mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) EVs were frequently used treatment respiratory illnesses. Ultracentrifugation RNA‐sequencing common isolation characterization techniques; however, methodology each was not reported study records. Most relied isolates, only 11% utilizing subpopulations their experimental design. While this may be connected a lack available techniques suitable implementation, it also highlights opportunity use improve translational efforts. As academic research identifies more chemically distinct technologies enrichment, forecast refined near future. emphasizes need meticulous methodological consideration enhance success EV‐based interventions, pointing towards paradigm shift personalized medicine.

Language: Английский

---

Harnessing extracellular vesicle heterogeneity for diagnostic and therapeutic applications

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Insight into the Functional Dynamics and Challenges of Exosomes in Pharmaceutical Innovation and Precision Medicine

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 709 - 709

Published: May 24, 2024

Of all the numerous nanosized extracellular vesicles released by a cell, endosomal-originated exosomes are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutics, owing to their inherent stability, low immunogenicity, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review critically evaluates transformative of exosome-based modalities across pharmaceutical precision medicine landscapes. Because precise biomolecular cargo delivery, posited ideal candidates in drug enhancing regenerative strategies, advancing diagnostic technologies. Despite significant market growth projections exosome therapy, its utilization is encumbered substantial scientific regulatory challenges. These include lack universally accepted protocols for isolation complexities associated with navigating environment, particularly guidelines set forth U.S. Food Drug Administration (FDA). presents comprehensive overview current research trajectories aimed at addressing these impediments discusses prospective advancements that could substantiate clinical translation exosomal therapies. By providing analysis both capabilities hurdles therapeutic applications, this article aims inform direct future paradigms, thereby fostering integration systems into mainstream practice.

Language: Английский

---

Particle profiling of EV‐lipoprotein mixtures by AFM nanomechanical imaging

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

The widely overlapping physicochemical properties of lipoproteins (LPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents one the main obstacles for isolation characterization these pervasive biogenic lipid nanoparticles. We herein present application an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based quantitative morphometry assay to rapid nanomechanical screening mixed LPs EVs samples. method can determine diameter mechanical stiffness hundreds individual nanometric objects within few hours. obtained diameters are in accord with those measured via cryo-electron (cryo-EM); assignment specific readout each object enables simultaneous discrimination co-isolated even if they have size distributions. all classes shown be characterised by combinations stiffness, thus making it possible estimate their relative abundance EV/LP samples terms stoichiometric ratio, surface area volume. As a side finding, we show how behaviour LP is correlated distinctive structural features revealed cryo-EM. described approach label-free, single-step relatively quick perform. Importantly, used analyse which prove very challenging assess several established techniques due ensemble-averaging, low sensibility small particles, or both, providing useful tool quickly assessing purity isolates including plasma- serum-derived preparations.

Language: Английский

---

Smart Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in the Brain: Unveiling their Biology, Diagnostic Potential, and Therapeutic Applications

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 6709 - 6742

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Information exchange is essential for the brain, where it communicates physiological and pathological signals to periphery vice versa. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bound cellular informants actively transferring informative calls from brain via lipids, proteins, nucleic acid cargos. In recent years, EVs have also been widely used understand function, given their "cell-like" properties. On one hand, presence neuron astrocyte-derived in biological fluids exploited as biomarkers mechanisms progression multiple neurological disorders; on other, designing targeted therapies due potential cross blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Despite expanding literature context central nervous system (CNS) physiology related disorders, comprehensive compilation existing knowledge still needs be made available. current review, we provide detailed insight into multifaceted role brain-derived extracellular (BDEVs) intricate regulation physiology. Our focus extends significance these spectrum including tumors, neurodegenerative conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, autoimmune others. Throughout parallels drawn using various evaluating utility early detection monitoring. Additionally, discuss promising prospects utilizing therapy while acknowledging limitations challenges associated with applications clinical scenarios. A foundational comprehension state-of-the-art EV research informing design future studies.

Language: Английский

---

Extracellular vesicles in atherothrombosis: From biomarkers and precision medicine to therapeutic targets

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 312(1), P. 6 - 19

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Summary Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of global mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small phospholipid that convey molecular bioactive cargoes and play essential roles in intercellular communication and, hence, a multifaceted role health disease. The present review offers glimpse into current state up‐to‐date concepts on EV field. It also covers their association with several risk factors ischemic conditions, being subclinical atherosclerosis utmost relevance for prevention. Interestingly, we show EVs hold promise as prognostic diagnostic well predictive markers ASCVD precision medicine era. We then report atherothrombosis, disentangling mechanisms involved initiation, progression, complication showing direct effect context arterial thrombosis. Finally, potential use therapeutic intervention is highlighted.

Language: Английский

---

The developing role of extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: special attention to mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 110531 - 110531

Published: July 10, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 336 - 336

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it evident nowadays extreme intratumoral intertumoral heterogeneity, as well invasiveness tendency to recur, are not compatible routine unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes main challenges search new valuable therapies focuses impact extracellular vesicle (EV) research exploitation may have field. EVs natural particles delimited lipidic bilayer filled functional cellular content released uptaken cells key means cell communication. Furthermore, stable body fluids tolerated immune system, able cross physiological, interspecies, interkingdom barriers target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, potential be ideal allies fight against improve prognosis patients. present work describes preclinical results obtained so far use treatment, focusing EV sources molecular cargo used various studies, primarily vivo. Finally, SWOT analysis performed, highlighting advantages pitfalls developing EV-based therapeutic strategies. also suggests directions explore realize possibility exploiting treatment GB.

Language: Английский

---

Innovative Strategies to Combat 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7470 - 7470

Published: July 8, 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health challenge, with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance being major obstacle to effective treatment. Despite advancements, 5-FU remains formidable due complex mechanisms such as alterations in drug transport, evasion of apoptosis, dysregulation cell cycle dynamics, tumor microenvironment (TME) interactions, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated pathways. Traditional chemotherapy often results high toxicity, highlighting the need for alternative approaches better efficacy safety. Phytochemicals (PCs) EVs offer promising CRC therapeutic strategies. PCs, derived from natural sources, exhibit lower toxicity can target multiple pathways involved progression resistance. facilitate targeted delivery, modulate immune response, interact TME sensitize cells However, potential PCs engineered overcoming reshaping immunosuppressive underexplored. Addressing this gap crucial identifying innovative therapies enhanced reduced toxicities. This review explores multifaceted evaluates synergistic effects combining improve treatment while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, it investigates by serving delivery vehicles modulating TME. By synthesizing current knowledge addressing research gaps, enhances academic understanding CRC, interdisciplinary involving revolutionizing therapy. Further clinical validation are essential translating these findings into improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1845 - 1845

Published: June 5, 2022

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bilayer membrane released by most cellular types, exert pivotal multifaceted roles in physiology disease. Emerging evidence emphasizes importance EVs intercellular communication processes with key effects on cell survival, endothelial homeostasis, inflammation, neoangiogenesis, thrombosis. This review focuses as effective signaling molecules able to both derail vascular homeostasis induce dysfunction, plaque progression, thrombus formation well drive anti-inflammation, repair, atheroprotection. We provide a comprehensive updated summary role development or regression atherosclerotic lesions, highlighting link between thrombosis inflammation. Importantly, we also critically describe their potential clinical use biomarkers therapeutic agents atherothrombosis.

Language: Английский

---