Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetic Alterations in Metabolic Diseases

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 985 - 985

Published: Aug. 14, 2024

Gut dysbiosis, resulting from an imbalance in the gut microbiome, can induce excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to inflammation, DNA damage, activation immune system, and epigenetic alterations critical genes involved metabolic pathways. dysbiosis-induced inflammation also disrupt barrier integrity increase intestinal permeability, which allows gut-derived toxic products enter liver systemic circulation, further triggering oxidative stress, associated with diseases. However, specific metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, vitamins, modulate stress system through mechanisms, thereby improving function. microbiota diet-induced diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, transfer next generation, involving mechanisms. In this review, we will introduce key that, along dysbiosis ROS, are engaged developing Finally, discuss potential therapeutic interventions dietary modifications, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation, may reduce syndrome by altering alterations. summary, review highlights crucial role pathogenesis a particular focus on (including histone methylomics, RNA interference) that prevent or improve

Language: Английский

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NAFLD/MASLD and the Gut–Liver Axis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment Options

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 366 - 366

Published: June 28, 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses an emerging threat topublic health. steatohepatitis (NASH) is reported to be the most rapidly rising cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in western world. Recently, a new term has been proposed: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD). The introduction this terminology sparked debate about interchangeability these terms. pathogenesis NAFLD/MASLD thought multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Among factors, alterations gut microbiota dysbiosis have recently garnered significant attention. In context, review will further discuss gut-liver axis, which refers bidirectional interaction between human liver. Additionally, therapeutic potential probiotics, particularly next-generation probiotics genetically engineered bacteria, explored. Moreover, role prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, phages as well fecal transplantation analyzed. Particularly for lean patients with NAFLD/MASLD, who limited treatment options, approaches that modify diversity composition may hold promise. However, due ongoing safety concerns modulate microbiota, large-scale studies are necessary better assess their efficacy treating NAFLD/MASLD.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Current Therapeutic Options

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 5640 - 5640

Published: May 22, 2024

The epidemiological burden of liver steatosis associated with metabolic diseases is continuously growing worldwide and in all age classes. This condition generates possible progression damage (i.e., inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) but also independently increases the risk cardio-metabolic cancer. In recent years, terminological evolution from “nonalcoholic fatty disease” (NAFLD) to “metabolic dysfunction-associated (MAFLD) and, finally, steatotic (MASLD) has been paralleled by increased knowledge mechanisms linking local hepatic) systemic pathogenic pathways. As a consequence, need for an appropriate classification individual phenotypes oriented investigation innovative therapeutic tools. Besides well-known role lifestyle change, number pharmacological approaches have explored, ranging antidiabetic drugs agonists acting on gut–liver axis at level (mainly farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, PPAR thyroid hormone agonists), anti-fibrotic anti-inflammatory agents. intrinsically complex pathophysiological history MASLD makes selection single effective treatment major challenge, so far. this evolving scenario, cooperation between different stakeholders (including subjects risk, health professionals, pharmaceutical industries) could significantly improve management disease implementation primary secondary prevention measures. high healthcare search new, effective, safe pressing need, together accurate characterization phenotypes. Recent promising advances indicate that we may soon enter era precise personalized therapy MASLD/MASH.

Language: Английский

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A review on probiotics and dietary bioactives: Insights on metabolic well-being, gut microbiota, and inflammatory responses

Food Chemistry Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100919 - 100919

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gender-specific insights into the irritable bowel syndrome pathophysiology. Focus on gut dysbiosis and permeability

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 10 - 18

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Understanding How Pre- and Probiotics Affect the Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Health

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(1), P. E89 - E102

Published: May 29, 2024

The gut microbiome, a complex assembly of microorganisms, significantly impacts human health by influencing nutrient absorption, the immune system, and disease response. These microorganisms form dynamic ecosystem that is critical to maintaining overall well-being. Prebiotics probiotics are pivotal in regulating microbiota composition. nourish beneficial bacteria promote their growth, whereas help maintain balance within microbiome. This intricate extends several aspects health, including integrity barrier, responses, producing metabolites crucial for metabolic health. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance microbiota, has been linked disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease. Impaired barrier function, endotoxemia, low-grade inflammation associated with toll-like receptors proinflammatory pathways. Short-chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation modulate anti-inflammatory system positively influence probiotics, especially Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium strains, may improve outcomes, glycemic control diabetes. It important consider strain-specific effects study variability when interpreting these findings, highlighting need further research optimize therapeutic potential. aim this report therefore review role prebiotics on microbiome role, integrating broad understanding physiological mechanisms clinical perspective.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Diseases

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2333 - 2333

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

The human gut is a complex ecosystem that supports billions of living species, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, phages, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes. Bacteria give genes enzymes for microbial host-produced compounds, establishing symbiotic link between the external environment host at both systemic levels. microbiome, which primarily made up commensal critical maintaining healthy host's immune system, aiding digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, protecting against pathogenic as well influencing endocrine, neural, humoral, immunological functions metabolic pathways. Qualitative, quantitative, and/or topographic shifts can alter resulting in dysbiosis dysfunction, contribute to variety noncommunicable illnesses, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel cancer, irritable syndrome. While most evidence date observational does not establish direct causation, ongoing clinical trials advanced genomic techniques are steadily enhancing our understanding these intricate interactions. This review will explore key aspects relationship microbiota, eubiosis, health highlighting emerging strategies microbiome engineering potential therapeutic approaches various conditions.

Language: Английский

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Applications of Strain‐Specific Probiotics in the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systemic Review

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68(8)

Published: March 29, 2024

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality and novel approaches for prevention management needed. The human gastrointestinal tract hosts diverse microbiota that is crucial in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. formulation effective probiotics, alone or combination, has been under discussion due to their impact on cardiovascular diseases. Probiotics have shown health positively. An imbalance the presence Firmicutes Bacteroidetes linked progression CVDs bile acid cholesterol metabolism. probiotics primarily help reduction plasma low‐density lipoprotein levels attenuation proinflammatory markers. These beneficial microorganisms contribute lowering produce essential short‐chain fatty acids. lipid‐regulating probiotic strains quite significant. However, only few tested potential efficacy, ambiguity exists regarding strain dosages, interactions with confounding factors, adverse effects. Hence, more comprehensive studies randomized trials needed understand mechanisms ensure health. This review assesses evidence highlights roles strain‐specific CVDs.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Sinusoidal Vasoregulation in MASLD: A Portal Perspective

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 324 - 324

Published: June 7, 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common condition with heterogeneous outcomes difficult to predict at the individual level. Feared complications of advanced MASLD are linked clinically significant portal hypertension and initiated by functional mechanical changes in unique sinusoidal capillary network liver. Early vasoregulatory lead increased intrahepatic vascular resistance represent beginning hypertension. In addition, composition function gut microbiota distinctly different from healthy state, multiple lines evidence demonstrate association dysbiosis these changes. The involved biotransformation nutrients, production de novo metabolites, release microbial structural components, impairment intestinal barrier impact on innate immune responses, metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, vasoregulation beyond. gut–liver axis conceptual framework which circulation primary connection between Accordingly, biochemical hemodynamic attributes may hold key better understanding predicting progression MASLD. However, many specific details remain hidden due limited access circulation, indicating major unmet need for development innovative diagnostic tools analyze metabolites explore their effect health disease. We also safely reliably monitor hemodynamics goal providing preventive curative interventions all stages Here, we review recent advances that link metabolomics altered allow new insights into

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: Pivotal Roles of Chronic Inflammation and Gut Microbiota

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8098 - 8098

Published: July 25, 2024

In recent years, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has increased due to lifestyle-related factors in developed countries. MS represents a group conditions that increase risk diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other severe health problems. Low-grade chronic inflammation is now considered one key aspects could be defined as new factor. Indeed, an visceral adipose tissue, typical obesity, contributes development inflammatory state, which, turn, induces production several proinflammatory cytokines responsible for insulin resistance. Psoriasis relapsing skin disease characterized by release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can contribute different pathological within spectrum MS. A link between disorders emerged from evidence indicating weight loss obtained through healthy diets exercise was able improve clinical course therapeutic response patients with obesity or overweight even prevent its occurrence. factor this balance gut microbiota; it extremely dynamic system, makes manipulation diet possible via probiotic, prebiotic, symbiotic compounds. Given this, microbiota additional target metabolism conditions.

Language: Английский

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