The
use
of
pumps
operating
as
turbines
(PATs)
offers
the
possibility
to
increase
sustainability
water
and
energy
systems,
by
recovering
excess
that
would
be
otherwise
lost
in
system’s
normal
operation.
While
on-grid
applications
there
are
many
research
works
implementations
PATs,
is
still
limited
for
optimization
efficiency
stability
off-grid
systems.
This
work
contributes
development
stable
DC
systems
based
on
optimizing
analysing
different
electric
loads.
To
further
usefulness
this
work,
we
consider
a
self-excited
induction
generator
(SEIG)
coupled
PAT.
In
context,
methodology
proposed,
multiphysics
interaction
between
hydraulic,
mechanical
subsystems,
define
PAT-SEIG
operational
area
maximize
conversion
efficiency,
guarantee
output
quantities
when
system.
addition,
an
analytical
model
proposed
allow
project
system
managers
best
hydraulic
machines,
electronic
equipment,
all
control
elements
conversion,
within
target
limits.
develop
verify
our
methodology,
two
micro
PAT-SEIG-AC/DC
setups
were
implemented
laboratory
under
typical
conditions.
solution
proved
resilient
variable
load
regime.
maximum
can
adapted
using
values
capacitors
range
components
(input
voltage
DC/DC
converter
input
current
SEIG).
Considering
nominal
efficiencies
components,
p.u.
both
0.7
0.8
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. e26084 - e26084
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Pumps
as
Turbines
(PATs)
are
known
for
their
ability
to
replace
conventional
turbines
in
Pico/micro-hydropower
plants.
However,
selecting
a
suitable
pump
and
estimating
its
performance
reverse
mode
is
challenging
task.
The
overall
efficiency
of
PATs
also
lower
when
compared
purpose-made
turbines.
Numerous
attempts
have
been
made
analyze
the
PAT
power-generating
applications,
many
scholars
presented
research
on
improvement
economic
analysis.
In
this
paper,
detailed
review
conducted
show
historical
development
current
status
technology.
presents
findings
prediction,
techniques,
results
literature
survey
demonstrate
that
choice
an
appropriate
specific
application
significantly
affects
system.
Among
various
options,
Shear
Stress
Transport
(SST)
k-ω
standard
k-ε
turbulence
models
widely
used
simulating
turbine.
Blade
grooving
blade
tip
rounding
recognized
most
promising
techniques
improving
efficiency,
with
gains
4.91%
4.00%,
respectively.
Except
impeller
diameter
trimming,
modification
proposed
by
significant
impact
PATs;
however,
further
needed
investigate
advantages
modification.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Pump
as
turbine
(PAT)
is
widely
used
in
micro
hydropower
stations
and
chemical
industries
an
economical
energy
recovery
device.
The
special
impeller
with
forward-curved
blades
can
significantly
improve
the
efficiency
of
PAT
expand
its
high-efficiency
range
due
to
suitable
blade
profile,
which
more
appropriate
for
PAT's
operation
mode
than
backward-curved
blades.
To
study
influence
forward
on
a
double-suction
centrifugal
performance,
three
schemes
different
angle
conditions
are
compared
original
scheme.
have
highest
when
inlet
angles
60°,
90°,
120°,
respectively,
outlet
angle.
results
showed
that
high-flow
rate
operating
PAT.
has
higher
broader
region
impeller.
main
loss
comes
from
impeller's
turbulent
loss.
reduces
turbulence
improves
at
large
flow
rates.
research
this
paper
provides
theoretical
basis
design
application
Energy Strategy Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54, P. 101437 - 101437
Published: June 3, 2024
This
paper
delves
into
identifying
the
optimal
scenario
for
implementation
of
micro-turbines,
specifically
Pump-as-Turbines
(PaTs),
in
a
water
distribution
network
(WDN)
by
achieving
highest
consensus
among
involved
stakeholders.
Utilising
simulations-optimisation
model,
best
location,
type,
and
operation
hours
micro-turbines
were
selected
within
case
study
WDN.
The
objective
was
to
maximise
generated
energy,
while
maintaining
standard
hydraulic
conditions
A
total
84
scenarios
developed,
considering
number
installed
turbines,
allocation
pricing
schemes.
explore
possibilities
allocating
electricity
company,
national
grid,
cryptocurrency
mining,
or
electric
car
charging.
Evaluation
involves
36
criteria,
identifies
18
stakeholders
energy
management
study.
Stakeholder
utility
with
respect
criteria
determined
through
interviews,
weights
each
stakeholder
assigned
based
on
previous
studies.
computed
matrix,
ranked
accordingly,
revealing
that
involving
generation
five
turbines
sold
grid
at
twice
current
price
garnered
support.
Physics of Fluids,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(6)
Published: June 1, 2024
As
an
economical
energy
recovery
device,
pump
as
turbine
(PAT)
is
widely
used
in
micro-hydropower
stations
and
the
chemical
industry.
The
inlet
outlet
pipelines
connected
to
double-suction
are
on
same
horizontal
line.
pipeline
layout
very
convenient,
some
industries,
way
of
residual
pressure
utilization
increasing
using
a
turbine.
Based
numerical
simulation,
experimental
verification,
entropy
generation
theory,
loss
rule
each
flow
component
mode
under
different
rates
compared
analyzed.
results
show
that
when
turbine,
rate
at
best
efficiency
point
(BEP)
shifts
large
by
30.89%
BEP
decreases
1.30%.
In
mode,
main
impeller,
turbulent
power
wall
sources
loss.
suction
chamber
impeller
increases
sharply,
primarily
enhanced
blade
trailing
edge
tongue
near
due
unsteady
mode.
Due
complex
structure,
spiral
not
suitable
for
direction
fluid
out
state
inside
negatively
affected
This
paper
provides
theoretical
basis
design
application
centrifugal
PAT.
Energy Strategy Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49, P. 101158 - 101158
Published: Aug. 12, 2023
The
chance
of
success
in
implementing
a
new
project
water
distribution
network
(WDN)
significantly
depends
on
the
behaviour
involved
stakeholders.
In
this
paper,
feasibility
installing
micro-turbines
WDNs
for
generating
hydro-power
energy
is
studied
from
stakeholders'
perspective.
Stakeholders'
analysis
(SA)
and
social
(SNA)
are
performed
to
methodically
recognise
environment
relationships
among
18
stakeholders
at
local,
regional,
national
levels
were
identified
their
representatives
interviewed.
SA,
power,
interest,
access
information,
satisfaction
current
condition
system
evaluated
each
stakeholder.
Water
Wastewater
Company
Ministry
Energy
found
as
with
highest
power
interest.
Unexpectedly,
Regional
Electricity
was
discovered
medium
low
information.
SNA,
cooperative
non-cooperative
between
analysed
an
assessment
made
role
stakeholder
network,
through
four
centrality
metrics.
correlation
SA
SNA
results
suggests
that
factors
could
be
estimated
using
Water,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(23), P. 4123 - 4123
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
A
pump
as
turbine
(PAT)
can
be
a
cost-effective
and
versatile
solution
to
recover
energy
in
several
fields
of
application.
However,
its
optimal
exploitation
requires
reliable
general
methodology
for
selecting
the
turbomachine.
To
this
purpose,
paper
presents
validates
comprehensive
that
identifies
best
turbomachine
(i.e.,
one
maximizes
recovered
energy)
by
considering
two
hydraulic
sites
forty-five
PATs.
In
both
sites,
correctly
PAT,
which
allows
recovery
up
45%
available
energy.
further
investigate
PAT
potential,
an
additional
layout
installation,
comprises
PATs
installed
parallel,
is
also
considered.
The
operation
optimally
scheduled
maximize
recovery.
As
result,
pair
almost
50%
An
in-depth
analysis
about
operating
range,
causes
wasted
energy,
timeframe
efficiency)
reveals
installation
actually
recommended
just
considered
sites.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(6), P. 1382 - 1382
Published: March 13, 2024
Using
pumps
operating
as
turbines
(PATs)
offers
the
possibility
of
increasing
sustainability
water
and
energy
systems
by
recovering
excess
that
would
be
otherwise
lost
in
pressure-reducing
valves
or
head
loss
chambers.
Regarding
on-grid
applications,
there
have
been
many
research
works,
PATs
implemented
several
ways.
However,
more
still
needs
to
done
on
optimizing
efficiency
stability
off-grid
systems.
This
work
contributes
development
stable
direct
current
(DC)
electric
based
using
a
self-excited
induction
generator
(SEIG).
In
this
context,
methodology
is
proposed,
hydraulic,
mechanical,
subsystems,
define
PAT-SEIG
operational
area
maximize
conversion
system
efficiency.
These
limits
depend
highly
capacitor
value,
rotational
speed,
load.
addition,
an
analytical
model
proposed
estimate
operation
under
specific
conditions.
With
this,
managers
can
design
optimize
best
hydraulic
machines,
electronic
equipment,
control
elements
within
target
limits.
Two
micro
setups
were
laboratory
IST/CERIS
typical
conditions
validate
methodology.
The
system’s
maximum
adapted
different
values
for
excitation
SEIG.
Considering
nominal
efficiencies
components,
p.u.
obtained
each
was
between
0.7
0.8
