Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(51)
Published: May 16, 2023
Lithium
(Li)-based
batteries
are
gradually
evolving
from
the
liquid
to
solid
state
in
terms
of
safety
and
energy
density,
where
all
solid-state
Li-metal
(ASSLMBs)
considered
most
promising
candidates.
This
is
demonstrated
by
Bluecar
electric
vehicle
produced
Bolloré
Group,
which
utilized
car-sharing
services
several
cities
worldwide.
Despite
impressive
progress
development
ASSLMBs,
their
avenues
for
recycling
them
remain
underexplored,
combined
with
current
explosion
spent
Li-ion
batteries,
they
should
attract
widespread
interest
academia
industry.
Here,
potential
challenges
ASSLMBs
as
compared
analyzed
prospects
summarized
analyzed.
Drawing
on
lessons
learned
battery
recycling,
it
important
design
sustainable
technologies
before
gain
market
adoption.
A
battery-recycling-oriented
also
highlighted
promote
rate
maximize
profitability.
Finally,
future
research
directions,
challenges,
outlined
provide
strategies
achieving
ASSLMBs.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Feb. 3, 2023
The
recycling
of
spent
lithium-ion
batteries
is
an
effective
approach
to
alleviating
environmental
concerns
and
promoting
resource
conservation.
LiFePO4
have
been
widely
used
in
electric
vehicles
energy
storage
stations.
Currently,
lithium
loss,
resulting
formation
Fe(III)
phase,
mainly
responsible
for
the
capacity
fade
cathode.
Another
factor
poor
electrical
conductivity
that
limits
its
rate
capability.
Here,
we
report
use
a
multifunctional
organic
salt
(3,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile
dilithium)
restore
cathode
by
direct
regeneration.
degraded
particles
are
well
coupled
with
functional
groups
salt,
so
fills
vacancies
cyano
create
reductive
atmosphere
inhibit
phase.
At
same
time,
pyrolysis
produces
amorphous
conductive
carbon
layer
coats
particles,
which
improves
Li-ion
electron
transfer
kinetics.
restored
shows
good
cycling
stability
performance
(a
high
retention
88%
after
400
cycles
at
5
C).
This
can
also
be
recover
transition
metal
oxide-based
cathodes.
A
techno-economic
analysis
suggests
this
strategy
has
higher
economic
benefits,
compared
traditional
methods.
Energy & Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(7), P. 2732 - 2752
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Recent
progress
in
battery
recycling
is
critically
reviewed,
including
closed-loop
design
of
new
batteries
and
recycling-oriented
configurations
components,
together
with
an
appraisal
predicted
future
research.
Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(26)
Published: May 10, 2022
Abstract
Li‐ion
batteries
(LIBs)
can
reduce
carbon
emissions
by
powering
electric
vehicles
(EVs)
and
promoting
renewable
energy
development
with
grid‐scale
storage.
However,
LIB
production
electricity
generation
still
heavily
rely
on
fossil
fuels
at
present,
resulting
in
major
environmental
concerns.
Are
LIBs
as
environmentally
friendly
sustainable
expected
the
current
stage?
In
past
5
years,
a
skyrocketing
growth
of
EV
market
has
been
witnessed.
have
garnered
huge
attention
from
academia,
industry,
government,
non‐governmental
organizations,
investors,
general
public.
Tremendous
volumes
are
already
implemented
EVs
today,
continuing,
exponential
for
years
to
come.
When
reach
their
end‐of‐life
next
decades,
what
technologies
be
place
enable
second‐life
or
recycling
batteries?
Herein,
life
cycle
assessment
studies
examined
evaluate
impact
LIBs,
compared
internal
combustion
engine
regarding
sustainability.
To
provide
holistic
view
development,
this
Perspective
provides
insights
into
materials
manufacturing,
recycling,
legislation
policy,
beyond.
Last
but
not
least,
future
charging
infrastructures
light
emerging
envisioned.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
144(44), P. 20306 - 20314
Published: Oct. 13, 2022
Recycling
spent
lithium-ion
batteries
(LIBs)
is
promising
for
resource
reuse
and
environmental
conservation
but
suffers
from
complex
processing
loss
of
embedded
value
LIBs
in
conventional
metallurgy-based
recycling
routes.
Herein,
we
selected
a
eutectic
LiI-LiOH
salt
with
the
lowest
point
among
binary
lithium
systems
to
provide
Li-rich
molten
environment,
not
only
offering
excess
benefiting
ion
diffusion
compared
that
solid
environment.
Hence,
highly
degraded
LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2
which
high
Li-deficiency
serious
structural
defects
harmful
phase
transitions
directly
regenerated.
A
facile
one-step
heating
strategy
presence
combination
Co2O3
MnO2
additives
simplifies
process
also
endows
cathode
materials
supplementation
ordering,
contributes
restoration
capacity
stable
cycling
performance.
In
particular,
this
low
helps
decrease
temperature
time
direct
shows
good
adaptability
other
layer
oxide
(LiCoO2
LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2)
varying
chemistry.
As
such,
feasibility
route
improved
broadened
simple
efficient
processing,
providing
an
idea
energy-saving
regeneration
future
LIB
recycling.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(14)
Published: Feb. 3, 2023
Abstract
As
the
dominant
means
of
energy
storage
technology
today,
widespread
deployment
lithium‐ion
batteries
(LIBs)
would
inevitably
generate
countless
spent
at
their
end
life.
From
perspectives
environmental
protection
and
resource
sustainability,
recycling
is
a
necessary
strategy
to
manage
end‐of‐life
LIBs.
Compared
with
traditional
hydrometallurgical
pyrometallurgical
methods,
emerging
direct
technology,
rejuvenating
electrode
materials
via
non‐destructive
way,
has
attracted
rising
attention
due
its
efficient
processes
along
increased
economic
return
reduced
CO
2
footprint.
This
review
investigates
state‐of‐the‐art
technologies
based
on
effective
relithiation
through
solid‐state,
aqueous,
eutectic
solution
ionic
liquid
mediums
thoroughly
discusses
underlying
regeneration
mechanism
each
method
regarding
different
battery
chemistries.
It
concluded
that
can
be
more
energy‐efficient,
cost‐effective,
sustainable
way
recycle
LIBs
compared
approaches.
Additionally,
it
also
identified
still
in
infancy
several
fundamental
technological
hurdles
such
as
separation,
binder
removal
electrolyte
recovery.
In
addressing
these
remaining
challenges,
this
proposes
an
outlook
potential
technical
avenues
accelerate
development
toward
industrial
applications.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(23), P. 8194 - 8244
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Unlike
conventional
recycling
methods
that
focus
on
'extraction',
direct
aims
for
'repair',
which
necessitates
selecting
and
designing
a
strategy
based
the
failure
mechanisms
of
spent
lithium
ion
battery
materials.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(5), P. 2839 - 2887
Published: March 1, 2024
The
popularity
of
portable
electronic
devices
and
electric
vehicles
has
led
to
the
drastically
increasing
consumption
lithium-ion
batteries
recently,
raising
concerns
about
disposal
recycling
spent
batteries.
However,
rate
worldwide
at
present
is
extremely
low.
Many
factors
limit
promotion
battery
rate:
outdated
technology
most
critical
one.
Existing
metallurgy-based
methods
rely
on
continuous
decomposition
extraction
steps
with
high-temperature
roasting/acid
leaching
processes
many
chemical
reagents.
These
are
tedious
worse
economic
feasibility,
products
mostly
alloys
or
salts,
which
can
only
be
used
as
precursors.
To
simplify
process
improve
benefits,
novel
in
urgent
demand,
direct
recycling/regeneration
therefore
proposed
a
next-generation
method.
Herein,
comprehensive
review
origin,
current
status,
prospect
provided.
We
have
systematically
analyzed
summarized
their
limitations,
pointing
out
necessity
developing
methods.
A
detailed
analysis
for
discussions
advantages,
obstacles
conducted.
Guidance
future
toward
large-scale
industrialization
well
green
efficient
systems
also
