Unlocking plant resources to support food security and promote sustainable agriculture

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 421 - 445

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Biodiversity is essential to food security and nutrition locally globally. By reviewing the global state of edible plants highlighting key neglected underutilized species (NUS), we attempt unlock plant resources explore role fungi, which along with wealth traditional knowledge about their uses practices, could help support sustainable agriculture while ensuring better protection environment continued delivery its ecosystem services. This work will inform a wide range user communities, including scientists, conservation development organizations, policymakers, public importance biodiversity beyond mainstream crops. Summary As world's population increasing, humanity facing both shortages (hunger) excesses (obesity) calorie nutrient intakes. fundamental addressing this double challenge, involves far understanding resources. Current estimates suggest that there are at least 7,039 species, in broad taxonomic sense, includes 7,014 vascular plants. striking contrast small handful crops provide majority humanity's intake. Most these have additional uses, most common being medicines (70%), materials (59%), environmental (40%). Species major display centers diversity, as previously proposed, rest follow latitudinal distribution patterns similarly total higher richness lower latitudes. The International Union for Conservation Nature Red List assessments 30% plants, ca. 86% them conserved ex situ. However, 11% those recorded threatened. We highlight multipurpose NUS from different regions world, be more resilient, sustainable, biodiverse, community participation‐driven new “green revolution.” Furthermore, how fungi diversify increase nutritional value our diets. NUS, offer largely untapped resource agriculture. natural unlocked, enhanced collaboration among stakeholders vital.

Language: Английский

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Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 463 - 481

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Plants and fungi have provided, or inspired, key pharmaceuticals for global health challenges, including cancer, heart disease, dementia, malaria, are valued as traditional medicines worldwide. Global demand medicinal plants has threatened certain species, contributing to biodiversity loss depletion of natural resources that important the humanity. We consider evolving role in healthcare new challenges human arise. present current emerging scientific approaches, uncover preserve nature‐based solutions future, through harmonization with conservation strategies. Summary Non‐communicable diseases, cardiovascular diabetes, main causes deaths globally, communicable diseases such malaria tuberculosis affect billions people. provided our armory against these while some regions world, they continue a central systems medicines. Consequently, is driving factor loss. Yet future therapeutics from nature evolving. Scientific advances enabling untapped potential world's be explored their value, reveal other roles may improving well‐being; this demonstrates value capital an incentive conservation. Emerging technologies also offer hope safeguarding essential by revealing more sustainable sourcing products. This review discusses recent developments approaches discovery products medicines, well‐being, strategies harmonize therapeutic use its proactive solutions.

Language: Английский

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Born to Eat Wild: An Integrated Conservation Approach to Secure Wild Food Plants for Food Security and Nutrition

Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 1299 - 1299

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Overlooked in national reports and conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs) have been a vital component of nutrition security for centuries. Recently, several countries reported on the widespread regular consumption WFPs, particularly by rural indigenous communities but also urban contexts. They are as critical livelihood resilience providing essential micronutrients to people enduring shortages or other emergency situations. However, threats derived from changes land use climate, overexploitation urbanization reducing availability these biological resources contributing loss traditional knowledge associated with their use. Meanwhile, few policy measures place explicitly targeting sustainable This can be partially attributed lack scientific evidence awareness among policymakers relevant stakeholders untapped potential accompanied market non-market barriers limiting paper reviews recent efforts being undertaken build importance while examples cross-sectoral cooperation multi-stakeholder approaches that advance An integrated approach is proposed secure future generations.

Language: Английский

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Silicon: an essential element for plant nutrition and phytohormones signaling mechanism under stressful conditions

Plant Growth Regulation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 100(2), P. 301 - 319

Published: Aug. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Breeding Potentials of Bambara Groundnut for Food and Nutrition Security in the Face of Climate Change

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Constant production of quality food should be a norm in any community, but climate change, increasing population, and unavailability land for farming affect production. As result, scarcity is affecting some communities, especially the developing world. Finding stable solution to this problem major cause concern researchers. Synergistic application molecular marker techniques with next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies can unlock potentials hidden most crop genomes improving yield availability. Most crops such as Bambara groundnut (BGN), Winged bean, African yam bean are underutilized. These underutilized compete cowpea, soybean, maize, rice, areas nutrition, ability withstand drought stress, economic importance, One these crops, BGN [Vigna subterranea (L.), Verdc.], an indigenous legume survive tropical climates marginal soils. In review, we focus on roles opportunities it possesses tackling insecurity its benefits local farmers. We will discuss BGN's potential impact global how advances NGS enhance

Language: Английский

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Toward Unifying Global Hotspots of Wild and Domesticated Biodiversity

Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 1128 - 1128

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Global biodiversity hotspots are areas containing high levels of species richness, endemism and threat. Similarly, regions agriculturally relevant diversity have been identified where many domesticated plants animals originated, co-occurred with their wild ancestors relatives. The agro-biodiversity in these has, likewise, often considered threatened. Biodiversity partly overlap, but geographic intricacies rarely investigated together. Here we review the history two concepts explore relationship by analysing global distribution human use data for all plants, major crops associated We highlight a continuum between that contain richness intensively used well known humanity (i.e., most viewed on Wikipedia) encompassing less heavily documented crop relatives lacking information Wikipedia). Our contribution highlights key considerations needed further developing unifying concept encompasses multiple facets (including genetic phylogenetic) linkage overall biodiversity. This integration will ultimately enhance our understanding geography human-plant interactions help guide preservation nature its contributions to people.

Language: Английский

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Large zonal and temporal shifts in crops and cultivars coincide with warmer growing seasons in Finland

Regional Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(3)

Published: July 18, 2020

Abstract In Finland, crop choices are limited, and cultivation is only possible in the regions where production risks uncertainties manageable. Climate change progresses rapidly at high latitudes thermal growing season projected to become substantially longer future. This study aimed monitor regional shifts major, secondary, minor novel crops during 1996–2016 Finland. We used long-term data from Finnish Food Agency evaluated changes time reach maturity of cultivars model by using official variety trial data. Substantial were recorded areas crops, including expansion into new regions. Some traditional major such as oats (− 20%, i.e. − 75,700 ha 1996 2016), barley 19%, 105,700 ha) potatoes 28%, 4000 have paved way for emergent like faba beans (increase area 58 14,800 ha), peas (from 5700 13,400 caraway 1900 18,400 spring oilseed rape 700 27,800 ha). Expansion per se was primarily enabled climate warming, but success requires well-adapted cultivars, existing or emerging markets industries exports well motivating prices, policy support valued ecosystem services.

Language: Английский

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Congruence between global crop wild relative hotspots and biodiversity hotspots

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 265, P. 109432 - 109432

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Biodiversity is currently experiencing exceptional loss due to the activities of humans, negatively impacting ecosystem services on which humanity relies. Additionally, human induced climate change already agriculture worldwide – a trend that will only worsen - leading reduced yields for some crops and regions. Crop wild relatives (CWR) cousins domesticated crops, contain wide breadth genetic diversity not found in cultivated can be used breeding new tolerant varieties. However, CWR are under-conserved wild, thus jeopardising this resource. Funds conservation often limited; conserve efficiently therefore, strategies could prioritise situ actions areas existing biodiversity or protection, so long as overlaps with other components (i.e., taxa). This analysis examines whether benefit from being conserved hotspots. Global hotspots were defined statistically significant spatial clustering high richness. had overlap highest coincidence Mediterranean basin (91%) California Floristic Province (91%). Overall, basin, Irano-Anatolian, Caucasus Tropical Andes showed greatest promise CWR, hence greater efficiency investments.

Language: Английский

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The Development of Sustainable Agriculture in EU Countries and the Potential Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals Specific Targets (SDG 2)

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 15798 - 15798

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

The development of sustainable agriculture is treated as a priority at the EU level, and importance role agriculture, in general, particular, undeniable. European Commission pushes for sustainability rural areas across through common agricultural policy (CAP), achievement 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development targets becomes essential. Through our research, we aimed to investigate status Member States by assessing current level SDG 2 targets, well potential these 2030. Based on data collected from Eurostat, forecast evolution indicators each country considered until using ARIMA model dynamic indicator analysis. results obtained suggest, one hand, existence positive developments countries, but also highlight number existing disparities, together with evidence potentially significant deviations assumed Agenda.

Language: Английский

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Critical Review of the Increasing Complexity of Access and Benefit-Sharing Policies of Genetic Resources for Genebank Curators and Plant Breeders–A Public and Private Sector Perspective

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(16), P. 2992 - 2992

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Plant breeders develop competitive, high-yielding, resistant crop varieties that can cope with the challenges of biotic stresses and tolerate abiotic stresses, resulting in nutritious food for consumers worldwide. To achieve this, plant need continuous easy access to genetic resources (PGR) trait screening, generate new diversity be built into newly improved varieties. International agreements such as Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Treaty Genetic Resources Food Agriculture (ITPGRFA) Nagoya Protocol recognised sovereign rights countries over their resources. Under CBD/Nagoya Protocol, are free establish specific national legislations regulating germplasm benefit-sharing negotiated bilaterally. Consequently, PGR became increasingly restricted cumbersome, a decrease exchange. The ITPGRFA attempted ease this situation by establishing globally harmonised multilateral system (MLS). Unfortunately, MLS is (still) limited number forage crops, very few vegetable crops. Easy combined equitable fair sharing derived benefits prerequisite breeding Facilitated contributes sustainable production nutrition security; therefore, and, consequently, use PGRFA needs improved. Thus, authors recommend, among others, expanding scope include all making them related information accessible under Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) combined, if necessary, subscription or seed sales tax. Such transparent, functional efficient would erase legal uncertainties minimise transaction costs conservers, curators users resources, thus aiding fulfil mission.

Language: Английский

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