Agronomy for Sustainable Development,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
41(3)
Published: May 11, 2021
Abstract
Integrated
Pest
Management
(IPM)
provides
an
illustration
of
how
crop
protection
has
(or
not)
evolved
over
the
past
six
decades.
Throughout
this
period,
IPM
endeavored
to
promote
sustainable
forms
agriculture,
pursued
sharp
reductions
in
synthetic
pesticide
use,
and
thereby
resolved
myriad
socio-economic,
environmental,
human
health
challenges.
Global
use
has,
however,
largely
continued
unabated,
with
negative
implications
for
farmer
livelihoods,
biodiversity
conservation,
right
food.
In
review,
we
examine
developed
time
assess
whether
concept
remains
suited
present-day
We
believe
that
despite
many
good
intentions,
hard
realities
need
be
faced.
1)
identify
following
major
weaknesses:
i)
a
multitude
definitions
generate
unnecessary
confusion;
ii)
inconsistencies
between
concepts,
practice,
policies;
iii)
insufficient
engagement
farmers
technology
development
frequent
lack
basic
understanding
its
underlying
ecological
concepts.
2)
By
diverting
from
fundamental
principles,
integration
practices
proceeded
along
serendipitous
routes,
proven
ineffective,
yielded
unacceptable
outcomes.
3)
show
majority
cases,
chemical
control
still
basis
plant
programs.
4)
Furthermore,
research
is
often
lagging,
tends
misguided,
pays
attention
ecology
functioning
agroecosystems.
5)
Since
1960s,
rules
have
been
twisted,
foundational
concepts
degraded
serious
(farm-level)
implementation
not
advanced.
To
remedy
this,
are
proposing
Agroecological
Crop
Protection
as
captures
agroecology
can
optimally
put
service
protection.
constitutes
interdisciplinary
scientific
field
comprises
orderly
strategy
(and
clear
prioritization)
at
field,
farm,
agricultural
landscape
level
dimension
social
organizational
ecology.
Toxicology Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 1179 - 1192
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Pesticides
are
commonly
used
in
agriculture
to
enhance
crop
production
and
control
pests.
Therefore,
pesticide
residues
can
persist
the
environment
agricultural
crops.
Although
modern
formulations
relatively
safe
non-target
species,
numerous
theoretical
experimental
data
demonstrate
that
produce
long-term
negative
effects
on
health
of
humans
animals
stability
ecosystems.
Of
particular
interest
molecular
mechanisms
mediate
start
a
cascade
adverse
effects.
This
is
review
latest
literature
consequences
contamination
crops
by
residues.
In
addition,
we
address
issue
implicit
risks
associated
with
formulations.
The
pesticides
considered
context
Adverse
Outcome
Pathway
concept.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
66(1), P. 277 - 296
Published: Sept. 9, 2020
Ecological
research
conducted
over
the
past
five
decades
has
shown
that
increasing
tree
species
richness
at
forest
stands
can
improve
resistance
to
insect
pest
damage.
However,
commonality
of
this
finding
is
still
under
debate.
In
review,
we
provide
a
quantitative
assessment
(i.e.,
meta-analysis)
diversity
effects
on
herbivory
and
discuss
plausible
mechanisms
underlying
observed
patterns.
We
recommendations
working
hypotheses
serve
lay
groundwork
for
come.
Based
more
than
600
study
cases,
our
review
indicates
was,
average,
lower
in
mixed
pure
stands,
but
these
were
contingent
herbivore
diet
breadth
composition.
particular,
mainly
reduced
damage
specialist
herbivores
with
phylogenetically
distant
species.
Overall,
findings
essential
guidance
management.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(8), P. 3641 - 3641
Published: April 21, 2023
Insecticides
play
a
critical
role
in
controlling
the
spread
of
insect-borne
diseases
and
preserving
crop
health.
These
chemical
substances
are
specifically
formulated
to
kill
or
manage
insect
populations.
Over
years,
various
types
insecticides
have
been
developed,
including
organophosphates,
carbamates,
pyrethroids,
neonicotinoids,
each
with
unique
modes
action,
physiological
targets,
efficacy.
Despite
advantages
that
offer,
it
is
imperative
recognize
potential
consequences
on
non-target
species,
environment,
human
It
therefore
crucial
follow
recommended
label
instructions
employ
integrated
pest
management
practices
for
judicious
use
insecticides.
This
review
article
provides
an
in-depth
examination
insecticides,
their
environmental
health
impacts,
alternatives.
The
aim
furnish
comprehensive
overview
emphasize
significance
responsible
sustainable
utilization.
Environmental Pollution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
348, P. 123836 - 123836
Published: March 22, 2024
This
study
estimates
the
risks
of
agricultural
pesticides
on
non-target
organisms
and
environment
by
combining
detailed
pesticide
application
data
for
2015
with
Danish
risk
indicator
Pesticide
Load.
We
quantify
map
load
59
28
crops
pastures
in
EU.
Furthermore,
we
investigate
how
recent
bans
14
EU
could
reduce
use
load.
Key
findings
show
that
highest
loads
per
hectare
occur
Cyprus
Netherlands
due
to
high
rates
a
proportion
vegetable
production.
Chlorpyrifos
caused
more
than
half
assessed
before
its
ban.
The
ban
between
2018
2023
potentially
reduced
94%,
but
unobserved
substitution
effects
offset
reductions.
Although
active
substances
are
justified
control
certain
endpoint
risks,
our
results
highlight
potential
weaknesses
merely
shift
risks.
These
contribute
ongoing
scientific
societal
discourse
efficiently
mitigating
pesticides'
impacts
environment.
However,
improve
evaluation
use,
it
is
vital
enhance
reporting
individual
crop-pesticide
combinations.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Jan. 21, 2020
Abstract
Each
year,
millions
of
kilograms
insecticides
are
applied
to
crops
in
the
US.
While
insecticide
use
supports
food,
fuel,
and
fiber
production,
it
can
also
threaten
non-target
organisms,
a
concern
underscored
by
mounting
evidence
widespread
decline
pollinator
populations.
Here,
we
integrate
several
public
datasets
generate
county-level
annual
estimates
total
‘bee
toxic
load’
(honey
bee
lethal
doses)
for
US
between
1997–2012,
calculated
separately
oral
contact
toxicity.
To
explore
underlying
components
observed
changes,
divide
load
into
extent
(area
treated)
intensity
(application
rate
x
potency).
We
show
that
while
contact-based
remained
relatively
steady,
oral-based
increased
roughly
9-fold,
with
reductions
application
outweighed
disproportionate
increases
potency
(toxicity/kg)
extent.
This
pattern
varied
markedly
region,
greatest
increase
seen
Heartland
(121-fold
increase),
likely
driven
neonicotinoid
seed
treatments
corn
soybean.
In
this
“potency
paradox”,
farmland
central
has
become
more
hazardous
bees
despite
lower
volumes
applied,
raising
concerns
about
insect
conservation
highlighting
importance
integrative
approaches
pesticide
monitoring.
